中英合作水資源需求管理項(xiàng)目【最新精品】.doc

專業(yè)好文檔UK/ChinaWaterResourcesDemandManagementAssistanceProject中英合作水資源需求管理項(xiàng)目WRDMAPGlossaryofTerms:ChineseandEnglish術(shù)語匯編（中英對照）（初版）WaterResourcesDemandManagementAssistanceProject水資源需求管理援助項(xiàng)目WRDMAPGlossaryofTerms:ChineseandEnglish術(shù)語匯編（中英對照）“Acquirenewknowledgewhilstthinkingovertheold,andyoumaybecomeateacherofothers.”Confucius“溫故而知新，可以為師矣”孔子Preface前言本術(shù)語表是水資源需求管理項(xiàng)目術(shù)語表的初級(jí)版本，是在水資源需求管理項(xiàng)目中匯編而成，該項(xiàng)目是由英國國際發(fā)展部出資、水利部負(fù)責(zé)實(shí)施的雙邊合作項(xiàng)目。在水行業(yè)發(fā)展項(xiàng)目初期就開始編寫術(shù)語表，隨后在水資源需求管理援助項(xiàng)目（WRDMAP）啟動(dòng)之前進(jìn)一步對術(shù)語表進(jìn)行了修訂和更新。WRDMAP項(xiàng)目決定將目前版本的術(shù)語表印刷成冊，盡管專家們指出它還存在諸多不足之處。在項(xiàng)目起始階段對術(shù)語表盡可能地進(jìn)行了修正。WRDMAP項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃在2006年底重新印制術(shù)語表，在第二版中將納入來自相關(guān)各方的修改意見和建議。Thisdraft/preliminaryversionoftheWaterResourcesDemandManagementProjectGlossaryhasbeenassembledundertheWaterResourcesDemandManagementProjectfundedbyDFIDandcarriedoutbyMWR.TheGlossary專業(yè)好文檔wasstartedduringtheearlierWaterSectorDevelopmentProjectandwassubsequentlyfurtherdevelopedduringtheperiodpriortothecommencementofWRDMAP.IthasbeendecidedtoprintthisversiondespitethefactthatWRDMAPexpertshaveidentifiedmanyshortcomingsinthedocument.ThesehavebeencorrectedtotheextentpossibleduringtheInceptionPhaseoftheProject.However,itisintendedtoreprintanimprovedsecondeditionattheendof2006incorporatingcommentsandmodifications,suggestionsreceived.本術(shù)語表的編寫目的是為項(xiàng)目人員提供水資源管理方面的常用術(shù)語、短語以及技術(shù)、機(jī)構(gòu)縮略語，以便促進(jìn)項(xiàng)目中方人員與國際專家之間的相互理解和交流溝通。在因?qū)W科、機(jī)構(gòu)或地理區(qū)域的不同而常常導(dǎo)致術(shù)語的翻譯出現(xiàn)很大差別的情況下，本術(shù)語表將尤其有助于口、筆譯人員在翻譯工作中使用更加統(tǒng)一的中英術(shù)語。ThepurposeofthisdocumentistoprovideinEnglishandChinesecommonlyusedwaterresourcesmanagementtermsandphrasesandtechnicalandagencyabbreviationsforthebenefitoffacilitatingbetterunderstandingandcommunicationamongstandbetweenChinesecounterpartsandinternationalpersonnelworkingontheProject.Thisdocumentisintendedtobeparticularlyusefulinassistinginterpretersandtranslatorsincarryingouttheirimportantrolebyusingmoreuniformterminologyinbothlanguageswhereoftentermscanbeinterpretedortranslatedverydifferentlydependingupondiscipline,agency,orgeographicarea.本術(shù)語表不是開創(chuàng)性的，不是不可更改的，也不是一本水資源管理術(shù)語詞典。給予“定義”的目的是按照詞典編纂慣例為常用術(shù)語或短語提供一種“描述性”的解釋。本術(shù)語表并不是根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)詞典的“規(guī)定性”解釋方式精確定義的。為此，對于一些術(shù)語和短語，對其在其他學(xué)科、機(jī)構(gòu)或地理區(qū)域可能常見的用法或者替換詞進(jìn)行了解釋。同時(shí)，還應(yīng)當(dāng)指出的是不是所有的英文術(shù)語都按照字母順序排列，為了方便起見，有的術(shù)語排列在近似詞或者與主題相關(guān)的詞后面。Thisdocumentisneithertheseminalnordefinitiveglossarynordictionaryofwatermanagementtermsandphrases.Theobjectiveofthe“definition”istoprovidea“descriptive”explanationofthetermorphrasebasedonlexicographicalpracticeofcurrentusage.Itisnotaglossaryofprecisedefinitionsbasedontraditionaldictionarypracticeof“prescriptive”explanation.Forthisreason,withsometermsandphases,thereisanexplanationofitsapplicationoralternativewordsthatmaybecommonlyencounteredinotherdisciplines,agenciesorgeographicareas.Itshouldalsobenotedthatnotallentriesareinalphabeticalorderbutsometimesmoreconvenientlylocatednexttosimilarwordsorsubjectmatterissues.專業(yè)好文檔雖然本術(shù)語表的現(xiàn)有內(nèi)容在很多方面都需要“審視”，勿庸置疑，還可以將更多的詞語和短語添加到術(shù)語表中，并對所提供的定義進(jìn)行修改。如果您對術(shù)語表有任何的意見和建議，包括添加和刪除術(shù)語、修改定義、解釋和譯文、調(diào)整格式和版面等等，請通過電子郵件發(fā)送給WRDMAP項(xiàng)目的管理助理王玥女士（）。Thereareundoubtedlymanymoretermsandphrasesthatcanbeaddedand/orvariationstothedefinitionsprovidedwhilsttheexistingcontentsneedsattentioninmanyareas.Itisrequestedthatanyreaderwhomayhavecommentsorcontributionstothecontentsadding,deletingorcorrectingdefinitionsandexplanations,translations,orformat,pleasesendyourcommentstotheWRDMAPProjectManagementAssistantWangY.AdvisoryTeamLeader,ATL,Beijing,January2006.咨詢專家組長（ATL）2006年1月于北京專業(yè)好文檔English英文Definition定義pin-yin拼音Chinese中文Definition定義abstractRemoveorwithdrawwaterfromanysource,eithertemporarilyorpermanentlyqushui取水臨時(shí)性或永久性地將水從任何水源移走。abstractionfeePaymenttoagovernmentagency,e.g.waterresourcedepartment,fortherighttoabstractwaterqushuifei取水費(fèi)為取水的權(quán)利向政府部門（例如水利部門）交納的費(fèi)用。dischargefeePaymenttoagovernmentagency,e.g.environmentdepartment,fortherighttodischargewastewaterpaiwufei排污費(fèi)為排放污水的權(quán)利向政府部門（例如環(huán)境部門）交納的費(fèi)用。feePaymenttogovernmentoragovernmentagencyfortherighttousewater,e.g.abstractwaterordischargewastewater,orforthecostsofissueandadministrationofpermitsorlicensesFei費(fèi)為用水（例如取水或者排放污水）的權(quán)利或者用水許可證或執(zhí)照的發(fā)放和管理成本向政府或者政府部門交納的費(fèi)用。chargePriceofwatersupplyorwastewaterdischargepayabletothegovernmentagencyorothercompanyprovidingtheserviceshoufei，shuifei水費(fèi),收費(fèi)應(yīng)當(dāng)向政府機(jī)構(gòu)或者其它提供服務(wù)的公司支付的供水或者污水排放價(jià)格。abstractionlicenseTheauthorizationgrantedbyawateragencyorotherregulatoryauthorityqushuixuke取水許可由水利機(jī)構(gòu)或者其它管理部門所發(fā)放的允許從某個(gè)水源取水的授權(quán)證書。專業(yè)好文檔English英文Definition定義pin-yin拼音Chinese中文Definition定義toallowtheabstractionofwaterfromawatersourceaccountabilityBeinganswerabletoapersonororganizationtoensurethattasksarecarriedoutinaccordancewithspecificinstructionsorlegislation.Thistermisgenerallyusedwhentheaccountablepersonororganizationmaydelegatetheactualexecutionofthetaskstoanotherpersonororganization.Comparewithresponsibility.wenze,wenzezhi問責(zé)，問責(zé)制對某個(gè)人或者組織負(fù)責(zé)，以保證按照具體的指令或者法規(guī)的要求開展工作。本術(shù)語通常用于應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任的個(gè)人或者組織可以將工作的具體開展托付給另一個(gè)人或者組織的情況。比較責(zé)任。actionplanQualitativedescriptionofasetofactionstobetakeninordertoachieveoneormoreobjectives.Oftenpreparedasinspirationforformulationandplanningofmorespecificprogrammesorprojects.xingdongjihua行動(dòng)計(jì)劃對旨在實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)或者多個(gè)目標(biāo)的一系列行動(dòng)所做的定性說明。常常是為制訂、籌劃比較具體的計(jì)劃或者項(xiàng)目提依據(jù)而準(zhǔn)備的。leakagedetectionMethodstoidentifywaterlossesfromdistributionnetworks,fittingsandhouseholdappliances,e.g.fieldinspections,analysisofnightflowsandwaterpressure,usingshenloujiance滲漏檢測檢查配水管網(wǎng)、設(shè)備和家庭器具水的流失的方法，例如進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場檢查，分析夜間流量和水壓，利用地音探聽器或者聽音棒探聽。專業(yè)好文檔English英文Definition定義pin-yin拼音Chinese中文Definition定義geophonesorlisteningsticksleakagecontrolSystematicprogramtominimizeleakagefromwaterdistributionnetworksbyuseofappropriatematerials,pressuretestsofnewpiping,leakagedetectioncampaigns,maintenanceandrepairshenloukongzhi滲漏控制最大限度地減少配水管網(wǎng)滲漏的系統(tǒng)性計(jì)劃，包括使用適當(dāng)?shù)牟牧?對新管線進(jìn)行壓力試驗(yàn),開展?jié)B漏檢測運(yùn)動(dòng),進(jìn)行維護(hù)和修理等。agencyAnydepartment,statutoryauthority,commissionorsimilarorganizationestablishedbylegislationand/orsubjecttogovernmentcontroljigou,jiguan,bumen機(jī)構(gòu)，機(jī)關(guān),部門依法成立并且（或者）受政府管轄的任何部門、法定機(jī)構(gòu)、委員會(huì)或者類似的組織。allocationProcedurestoshareavailablewaterresourcesamongcompetingusersanduses,includingtheresultingdistributionofwatershuifenpei水分配在競爭性用水戶與用途之間分配水資源的過程，包括向用戶配水。aquaticenvironmentThephysical,chemicalorecologicalenvironmentexistingwithinlakes,riversandotherwaterbodiesshuihuanjing水環(huán)境湖泊、河流及其它水體的物理、化學(xué)或者生態(tài)環(huán)境。aquiferAwater-bearingundergroundformationofpermeablerockorsedimentabletohold,transmitandreleasehanshuiceng,xushuiceng含水層，蓄水層由滲透性巖石或者泥沙組成的能夠儲(chǔ)存、傳輸和釋放較多水量的地層。專業(yè)好文檔English英文Definition定義pin-yin拼音Chinese中文Definition定義significantquantitiesofwatergroundwaterminingWithdrawalofgroundwaterinamountsthatexceedstheaveragerateofrechargeoftheaquiferdixiashuikaicai地下水開采地下水開采量超過了含水層的平均補(bǔ)給速度。assimilativecapacityThecapacityofawaterbodytoreceivewastewaterortoxicmaterialswithoutdetrimentaleffectsandwithoutdamagetotheaquaticenvironmentorhumanswhoconsumethewaternawunengli納污能力水體接納廢水或有毒物質(zhì)而不會(huì)帶來有害影響以及給水環(huán)境或者使用該水體的人帶來損害的能力。audit(end-use)Proceduretocheckwhetherwaterisusedaccordingtoplansorpermitsandhavingtheintendedsocial,economicorenvironmentalimpactsshenji(zhongduanyongshui)審計(jì)（終端用水）檢查用水是否符合計(jì)劃或許可證的規(guī)定、是否產(chǎn)生預(yù)期的社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)或者環(huán)境影響的過程。audit(financial)Examinationoffinancialrecordsofanagencyorcompanytodetermineiftherecordsareaccurateandprovidearealisticaccountofthefinancialstatusoftheagencyorcompanyshenji(caiwu)審計(jì)（財(cái)務(wù)）檢查機(jī)構(gòu)或者公司的財(cái)務(wù)記錄，以確定記錄是否準(zhǔn)確，是否反映了該機(jī)構(gòu)或者公司的實(shí)際財(cái)務(wù)狀況。audit(water)Asystematicassessmentoftheamountandnatureofshenji(shui)審計(jì)（水）對不同終端用戶（居民、商業(yè)或者工業(yè)用戶）用水的數(shù)量和性質(zhì)專業(yè)好文檔English英文Definition定義pin-yin拼音Chinese中文Definition定義waterusebydifferentendusers(residential,commercial,orindustrial)inordertoidentifypotentialareasforreduction,conservationorefficiencyimprovementofthewateruse進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的評估，以確定在哪些方面還有潛力減少用水、節(jié)水或者提高用水效率。availableresourceThemaximumreliableamountofwaterthatcanbeabstractedfromawatersourcetakingaccountofvariousfactors(probabilityoftheminimumflowinariverorthesafeyieldofaborehole(?)etc)keliyongshuiziyuanliang可利用水資源量從某個(gè)水源可以開采的最大可靠水量，由河流最小流量概率或者井孔的可靠產(chǎn)水量決定。availablesupplyThemaximumreliableamountofwaterthatcanbesuppliedbyawatersupplierkegongshuiliang可供水量供水機(jī)構(gòu)可提供的最大可靠供水量。average-daydemandAveragedailywaterusefromadistributionsystemasmeasuredbytheannualwaterproductiondividedby365ripingjunxushuiliang日平均需水量以年水產(chǎn)總量除以365得出的配水系統(tǒng)平均日用水量。avoided-costThecoststhatawatersupplycompanyavoidsthroughreductionofwaterconsumptionandwaterlosses,includingbothoperatingandcapitalbimianfeiyong避免費(fèi)用供水公司通過減少用水和水損避免的費(fèi)用，包括運(yùn)行費(fèi)用和資本費(fèi)用。專業(yè)好文檔English英文Definition定義pin-yin拼音Chinese中文Definition定義costsbackgroun