外文翻譯--2003上海國際隧道工程研討會

附錄 A 2003 上海國際隧道工程研討會 隨著新世紀(jì)的到來和我國基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的發(fā)展，各類機(jī)械化掘進(jìn)水道工程的大量興建，使得研究掘進(jìn)機(jī)隧道工程技術(shù)的最優(yōu)化顯得尤為重要，而目前對于掘進(jìn)機(jī)隧道工程的很多方面的最優(yōu)化問題還沒有開展研究，因而對掘進(jìn)機(jī)隧道工程技術(shù)的最優(yōu)化問題進(jìn)行研究并應(yīng)用到掘進(jìn)機(jī)隧道工程是十分比要的。 鑒于對掘進(jìn)機(jī)隧道工程系統(tǒng)分析獲得的結(jié)果，我們將注意力集中到解決與資金、施工方法和掘進(jìn)機(jī)類型相關(guān)的最優(yōu)化問題，并對隧道掘進(jìn)機(jī)及相應(yīng)施工方法的選擇和施工運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的效率進(jìn)行了較為深入的研究。 科學(xué)家們采用系統(tǒng)工 程的 ESQ 方法，通過大量調(diào)研并結(jié)合在這一相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的長期實踐經(jīng)驗，建立了掘進(jìn)機(jī)隧道工程的輔助決策模型和響應(yīng)程序。輔助決策最優(yōu)化程序使得工程早期在掘進(jìn)機(jī)選型和施工方法選擇的決策中充分體現(xiàn)施工專家的觀點成為可能，可以有效地指導(dǎo)掘進(jìn)機(jī)隧道工程掘進(jìn)機(jī)選型和施工方法選擇。從經(jīng)濟(jì)角度講，隧道掘進(jìn)機(jī)的正確選擇決定了機(jī)械化掘進(jìn)隧道的成功與否，對掘進(jìn)機(jī)隧道工程而言，這方面的課題是非常重要的。然而，迄今為止，隧道工程界在這方面缺少深入研究。 TBM（全斷面隧道掘進(jìn)機(jī)）隧道技術(shù)正向大斷面、大深度、長距離掘進(jìn)發(fā)展，許多技術(shù)難題已經(jīng)得 到或正在得到解決。日本三菱重工、川崎重工、石川島播磨和德國海瑞克公司在大斷面和異行斷面盾構(gòu)掘進(jìn)機(jī)的研究、發(fā)展和制造方面，不斷的創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展。 進(jìn)入 21 世紀(jì)以來，中國掀起了城市地鐵工程建設(shè)高潮，上海、廣州、北京、深圳、南京、天津的地鐵隧道工程，紛紛引進(jìn)了世界先進(jìn)的盾構(gòu)掘進(jìn)機(jī)和工程技術(shù)，目前有 40 余臺盾構(gòu)正在掘進(jìn)地鐵隧道，并在地鐵工程的設(shè)計、襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)、試驗研究、施工技術(shù)、工程監(jiān)測和環(huán)境安全等眾多方面得到了技術(shù)進(jìn)步和發(fā)展。 我國首臺雙圓盾構(gòu)掘進(jìn)機(jī)應(yīng)用于上海地鐵 8號區(qū)間隧道工程，并以每天 56m的速度向前延伸。經(jīng)過上 海隧道股份科技施工人員多年的努力，中國成為世界上第二個掌握雙圓隧道施工技術(shù)的國家。在不久的將來，三圓乃至多圓隧道也將可能穿行于神州大地。雙圓盾構(gòu)在外行上猶如一對聯(lián)體的普通盾構(gòu)，在功能上卻具有普通盾構(gòu)不能比擬的優(yōu)勢。雙圓盾構(gòu)一次推進(jìn)就能完成地鐵上、下行線兩條隧道，施工效率的效率不言而喻雙圓隧道，不僅比普通隧道更少占用地下空間，有效地節(jié)約了空間資源、保護(hù)了環(huán)境，而且在建筑物下狹小的空間中穿行的能力也優(yōu)于普通隧道；最為重要的是，雙圓隧道在兩條隧道相交處，每 1.5m 的距離中就自然形成一個 48cm 的通道，正好能容納一 個成年人通過。一旦隧道中遭遇火警等險情，人員逃生和救助變得極為便利，隧道的安全性大大提高。 盾構(gòu)法施工的隧道區(qū)間，有時巖性變化很大，圍巖時軟時硬，有些地區(qū)在同一斷面內(nèi)，出現(xiàn)上軟下硬，甚至在地層中夾有堅硬的巖層或巖體，在這種情況下，繼續(xù)采用盾構(gòu)法掘進(jìn)，在技術(shù)上、經(jīng)濟(jì)上和進(jìn)度上都未必是最恰當(dāng)?shù)?，此時，分辨不同情況，適當(dāng)?shù)剡x用一些傳統(tǒng)的輔助方法，是解決問題的一種手段。 科學(xué)家們從分析不同隧道掘進(jìn)機(jī)的施工單元入手，建立了不同隧道掘進(jìn)機(jī)類型的隧道工程的軌道施工運(yùn)輸反感最優(yōu)化模型。最優(yōu)化分析的基本思想是先求得使時間最省 的岔道間距，然后進(jìn)一步分析不同的反感的經(jīng)濟(jì)價格比，求出最省錢的軌道運(yùn)輸方案。在模型建立的過程中，科學(xué)家們將多目標(biāo)最優(yōu)化理論、掘進(jìn)機(jī)隧道工程造價分析方法和具體的施工工藝相融合，得到了土壓平衡盾構(gòu)、泥水平衡盾構(gòu)和雙護(hù)盾構(gòu)隧道掘進(jìn)機(jī)的軌道施工運(yùn)輸方法的最優(yōu)化模型。由于使用EXCEL 編程，隧道掘進(jìn)工程水平運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的最優(yōu)化程序的使用極為方便。最優(yōu)化程序?qū)鴥?nèi)外盾構(gòu)工程進(jìn)行了分析和設(shè)計。 一條隧道令人厭煩的機(jī)器 (TBM)通常由一兩塊護(hù)蓋 (大的金屬汽缸 )和拖支持機(jī)制組成。 At 在護(hù)蓋的正面端切車輪的旋轉(zhuǎn)被放。 在剪報車輪 后面，有一間寢室在哪里， 取決于這類型 TBM，被挖掘的土壤被或者與淤漿 (所謂淤漿 TBM)混合或者照原樣離開。 TBM 的某種類型的選擇取決于土壤條件。 系統(tǒng)給土壤 (土壤與淤漿混合 )的排除也存在。都市的挖隧道有要求地表面是未擾動的的特別的挑戰(zhàn)。 這表明地減小必須被避免。 這種正常的方法正做這是在隧道建設(shè)期間和在隧道建設(shè)之后保持土壤壓力。雖然很多對 TBMs 的研究已經(jīng)被公布， 并且 TBMs的應(yīng)用性已經(jīng)被討論，相當(dāng)多的意見的差別仍然在作者之間存在挖隧道的 TBM的可行性的評價因為應(yīng)該被考慮到的大量參數(shù)經(jīng)常錯綜復(fù)雜 .隧道 令人厭煩的機(jī)器效率和能力已經(jīng)被明顯地在過去 15 年增加， 并且可能性今天非常不同于在70 和 80 年代存在的那些， 當(dāng)因為政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)心一條地中海 -死海運(yùn)河和隧道工程的老計劃被提議并且拋棄時。 今天， 根據(jù)最有經(jīng)驗的隧道令人厭煩的專家， 建造一條分裂的 10 米內(nèi)徑的混凝土的襯砌隧道從 Palmahim 到價值大約 10億美元的 Nahal Avnat 是可能的。 參考隧道估計連接在設(shè)計下看見一估計以高級隧道哈爾克羅組有限公司，英國的設(shè)計工程師準(zhǔn)備的概念 。 我國新一代全斷面掘進(jìn)機(jī)在中國第二重型機(jī)械集團(tuán)公司研制成功，這標(biāo)志 著我國在該種設(shè)備制造領(lǐng)域已達(dá)到世界先進(jìn)水平。 據(jù)二重集團(tuán)有關(guān)專家介紹，全斷面掘進(jìn)機(jī)是專門用于地下隧道工程開挖的智能化大型成套裝備，能一次挖掘成型，同時對隧道進(jìn)行水泥加固，使巖石隧道工程告別了 “ 隧道隧道，打眼放炮 ” 的老辦法，具有快速、安全、高效、環(huán)保的特點。首臺產(chǎn)品直徑 3.65 米，每 24 小時掘進(jìn)速度可達(dá) 180米，將被用于云南掌鳩河引水工程。專家估計，未來 20 年內(nèi)全國鐵路、公路、水利、油氣、市政等工程共需完成 5800 公里隧道。長期以來，我國使用的掘進(jìn)機(jī)都依賴整機(jī)引進(jìn)。新一代全斷面掘進(jìn)機(jī)的問世有助于降低我國隧道施 工成本，具有廣闊市場前景 . 煤礦錨桿孔鉆進(jìn)設(shè)備的發(fā)展前途 錨桿支護(hù)是有宜于加快井巷掘進(jìn)速度、提高頂板支護(hù)效果、降低支護(hù)勞動強(qiáng)度和減少支護(hù)材料消耗的先進(jìn)技術(shù)。我國僅國有重點煤礦每年掘進(jìn) 500 多萬米巷道， 1997 年末，錨桿支護(hù)率全國平均已達(dá) 31.5%，按規(guī)劃，到 2000 年，錨桿支護(hù)率平均應(yīng)達(dá)到 50%，但已有大同、邢臺、平頂山、鐵法、西山、龍口等 16 個礦務(wù)局率先使錨桿支護(hù)率超過 50%。國外先進(jìn)采煤國錨桿支護(hù)率往往超過 80%。 錨桿孔鉆進(jìn)是錨桿支護(hù)施工的重要環(huán)節(jié)，錨桿支護(hù)的發(fā)展需要大量錨桿孔鉆進(jìn)設(shè)備作保證。錨桿 孔鉆進(jìn)設(shè)備包括錨桿鉆機(jī)和配套鉆具 (鉆桿、鉆頭等 )。分析錨桿孔鉆進(jìn)設(shè)備現(xiàn)狀，展望它的發(fā)展前途，有助于不斷促進(jìn)錨桿孔鉆進(jìn)設(shè)備的技術(shù)進(jìn)步，使其適應(yīng)錨桿支護(hù)技術(shù)的需要。 1 錨桿孔鉆進(jìn)設(shè)備以錨桿鉆機(jī)為主體。錨桿鉆機(jī)按結(jié)構(gòu)分為單體式、鉆車式、機(jī)載式；按動力分為電動式、氣動式、液壓式；按破巖方式分為回轉(zhuǎn)式、沖擊式、沖擊回轉(zhuǎn)式、回轉(zhuǎn)沖擊式。與錨桿鉆機(jī)配套的鉆具，因破巖方式不同而不同，總的來說有回轉(zhuǎn)類破巖鉆具、沖擊類破巖鉆具以及回轉(zhuǎn)沖擊類破巖鉆具。國外錨桿孔鉆進(jìn)設(shè)備的品種與功能多樣，技術(shù)性能優(yōu)越，可靠性高。 2 煤礦用錨桿孔鉆 進(jìn)設(shè)備存在的主要技術(shù)問題 2.1 開發(fā)的品種多，但性能適宜且可靠性好的產(chǎn)品不多 ；2.2 回轉(zhuǎn)式錨桿鉆機(jī)扭矩性能偏低，加上鉆頭耐磨性能的影響，尚不能滿足抗壓強(qiáng)度大于 60 MPa 高磨蝕性巖石的錨桿孔鉆進(jìn) ； 2.3 錨桿鉆機(jī)產(chǎn)品可靠性差，很多產(chǎn)品難以在井下連續(xù)正常使用 ； 3 煤礦錨桿孔鉆進(jìn)設(shè)備的前途 : 錨桿孔鉆進(jìn)設(shè)備是錨桿支護(hù)發(fā)展的客觀需要，它必然按一定規(guī)律向前發(fā)展，錨桿鉆機(jī)及其配套鉆具的研究、開發(fā)、生產(chǎn)與使用，都必須符合客觀規(guī)律。分析國內(nèi)外有關(guān)信息，總結(jié)經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)，注意煤礦錨桿孔鉆進(jìn)設(shè)備發(fā)展的基本趨向，有利 于使產(chǎn)品在市場競爭中不斷發(fā)展。 3.1 氣動、液壓單體回轉(zhuǎn)式錨桿鉆機(jī)是一個時期的主流 ；3.2 研究錨桿鉆機(jī)扭矩與改革鉆頭是發(fā)展回轉(zhuǎn)式錨桿孔鉆進(jìn)設(shè)備的關(guān)鍵 ；3.3 高新技術(shù)的發(fā)展，有宜于錨桿孔鉆進(jìn)技術(shù)的變革。 幾十年來，錨桿孔鉆進(jìn)設(shè)備已有了一定的提高，隨著知識經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，錨桿鉆機(jī)及其配套鉆具會逐漸有所變革，預(yù)計在以下方面會引起產(chǎn)品的重大變化： (1)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的優(yōu)化以及高科技新材料的應(yīng)用，使單體錨桿鉆機(jī)性能提高、重量減輕。 采用了高新技術(shù)的巖石鉆頭將使回轉(zhuǎn)式鉆進(jìn)方式擴(kuò)大應(yīng)用范圍。 (2)高科技微電子技術(shù)在不同動力、 不同類型錨桿鉆機(jī)上的應(yīng)用，可能會使錨桿鉆機(jī)發(fā)生某 些根本性的變革，例如改變鉆機(jī)特性、改善操作性能、提高可靠性等。國外已探討計算機(jī)控制的錨桿孔鉆進(jìn)與錨桿安裝的綜合性自動化設(shè)備。鑿巖機(jī)器人的成功應(yīng)用必將有力地促進(jìn)錨桿孔鉆進(jìn)設(shè)備的進(jìn)步。 (3)錨桿孔鉆進(jìn)設(shè)備的發(fā)展，以錨桿支護(hù)技術(shù)與鑿巖技術(shù)的發(fā)展為基礎(chǔ)，錨桿支護(hù)新類型 、新材料的出現(xiàn)會對錨桿鉆機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)、技術(shù)性能與功能提出新的要求。錨桿孔鉆機(jī)的開發(fā)必須緊隨錨桿支護(hù)的技術(shù)發(fā)展。同時，鑿巖技術(shù)的發(fā)展會促進(jìn)錨桿孔鉆進(jìn)設(shè)備的提高。不同鑿巖方式的研究以及通用鑿巖機(jī)具的研究 成果，都將會及時地移植到錨桿孔鉆進(jìn)設(shè)備的開發(fā)上來。 (4)錨桿孔鉆進(jìn)設(shè)備是錨桿支護(hù)的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備，它影響著錨桿支護(hù)的質(zhì)量 -錨桿孔的方位、 深度、孔徑的準(zhǔn)確性以及錨桿安裝質(zhì)量，又涉及操作者的人身安全、勞動強(qiáng)度與作業(yè)條件。 錨桿孔鉆進(jìn)設(shè)備的核心是高效與安全。發(fā)展煤礦錨桿孔鉆進(jìn)設(shè)備以高效、安全為核心，就會有強(qiáng)勁的競爭力，這是產(chǎn)品具有發(fā)展前途的根本。 附錄 B Organizing Committee of 2003 Shanghai International Symposium on Tunnel Engineeringwith the development of our building infrastructure in the new century, the construction of different types of TBMprojets is booming. Therefore, it is important to study the optimization of TBM tunneling technology. Since the study of the optimization technology is still neo in many finelds of TBM tunneling, it is necessary to study this subject and ultimately apply the result of study to real projects. Based on the result of system engineering analysis tor TBM tunneling, we should focus on solving the optimization problems that relate to capital spending. Construction methods and TBM machines . This is the reason why we paid special attention in this article to the selection of TBM machines and related construction methods . By applying both the leveling method of Operations Research and ESQ method of System Engineering , the TBM Tunneling Decision Aids model and its program (TBMT-DAM) have been set up based on my extensive research and experience in this field. Thanks to the TBMT-DAM, it becomes possible for the construction specialists knowledge to be adopted in the early stage of the TBM project for and its related construction methods selection. This is crucial to guide the selection of TBM and its related construction methods effectively . From the point of view of technological economy, the proper selection of TBM will influence the success of TBM tunneling . Although this subject represents the most important aspect of TBM tunneling, relevant theoretincal research is still rare . This article thus provides new research results for the TBM tunneling field. TBM(Tunnel Boring Machine) driven tunneling technique would be expected to be developed towards larger cross section,hyper deep depth,and longer distance,with many technical problems having been resolved or being resolved.Mitsubishi,Kaoasaki,IHI lf Japan and Germanys Herrenknecht have all made continuous innovation and success in R&D and manufacture of shield machines in terms of large cross section and copy profiled section. Entering the 21 century, China has since been seen a high tide of urban traffic tunnel project construction,by introducing successively shield tunneling technology and engineering technique of advanced world level,ad more than 40 shields are tunndling Metro tunnels where technical advancement and development have been gained in the aspects of project design,lining design,testing and study,construction technology,engineering monitoring&measuring,environmental safety or others for which 19 lecruies were made concerning Metro tunnel construction. The first in China DOT shield deployed in running section ,Shanghai Metro Line 8, has been thrusting forward at a speed 5-6m/day .Due to efforts made by technical people and tunnellers of STEC. China becomes the worlds second country to grasp the construction technique of DOT tunnel. In a near future triple 0 or multiple 0 tunnels might be snsking through Chinas ancient land. Chinas first DOT shield aooears to be a pair of strapped conventional shields, with superior functions incomparable to conventional shields . After one thrust by DOT shield, two tubes (upperbound and lowerbound) would be completed with work efficiency out of question . DOT tunnel occupies less under ground space than the conventional one , efficiently sauing space resource,and protecting environment,besides,the ability with which the shield can probe its way within narrow space between buildings is also superior than that of conventional one. The most important point rests at the place where two tubes intersects,as a natural 48cm passage is generated at each 1.5m spacing to allow one adult person passing through .Once shoud there be afire alarm or the like hazardous situation,people escape and rescue can easily be auailable,thus enhancing the safety of tunnel . In some cases, there are outstanding differences of rock property between the upper and the lower in a running section, for example, the upper medium is very soft while the lower very hard, even there are some hard rock er rock body scattering in the soft stratum. In that case, probably it is not the best choice to use shield tunneling method to construct the tunnel in terms to technicality, economic and scheduled progress. Acoording to different conditions, we could properly adopt some traditional means to solve those kinds of problems in shield tunneling project. Scentisis from analysis of each construction node for different TBMs, establishes different optimized models of rail transportantion proposal during tunneling by different types of TBMs. The basic thinking of optimized analysis is to find the most time saving branch off spacing, then to analyze further cost effectiveness tor different proposals, leading to find out the most money saving transportation proposal. During the process of modeling, scentists have fusde together multi-targer optimization theory,construction cost analysis method of TBM tunneling , with specific construction technology, therefore he gers at hand optimized model of rail track transportation methods tor TBM, Hydroshield , and Double shield TBM. Since by utilizing EXCEL programming, it makes much easier for application of optimized programme in horizontal transportation system duiing tunneling. The optimized programme has taken up analysis and design of shields both domestic and overseas. A tunnel boring machine (TBM) typically consists of one or two shields (large metal cylinders) and trailing support mechanisms. At the front end of the shield a rotating cutting wheel is located. Behind the cutting wheel there is a chamber where, depending on the type of the TBM, the excavated soil is either mixed with slurry (so-called slurry TBM) or left as-is. The choice for a certain type of TBM depends on the soil conditions. Systems for removal of the soil (or the soil mixed with slurry) are also present. Urban tunneling has the special challenge of requiring that the ground surface be undisturbed. This means that ground subsidence must be avoided. The normal method is doing this is to maintain the soil pressures during and after the tunnel construction. Although a great deal of research on TBMs have been published, and the applicability of TBMs has been discussed, considerable differences in opinion still exist between authors .The assessment of the feasibility of TBM tunneling is often complicated by the large number of parameters that should be taken into account .Tunnel Boring Machine efficiencies and capabilities have been tremendously increased in the last fifteen years, and the possibilities today are greatly different from those that existed in the seventies and eighties when the old plans for a Mediterranean Sea-Dead Sea canal and tunnel project was proposed and abandoned because of political and economic concerns. Today, according to the most experienced tunnel boring experts, it is possible to build a segmented concrete lined tunnel of ten meter inside diameter from Palmahim to Nahal Avnat for approximately one billion US dollars. Refer to the tunnel estimates link under design concepts to see an estimation prepared by the senior tunnel design engineer of Halcrow Group Ltd, UK .The whole section tunnelling machine of a new generation of our country is developed successfully in the second heavy-duty mechanical group company of China, this indicates our country has already reached the advanced international standards on this kind of equipment manufacturing field. According to the introduction of relevant experts of dual group, the whole section person who tunnel used in underground tunnel intelligent to equip in a complete set while being full-length specially, can one excavate shaping, strengthen the cement to the tunnel at the same time , make the rock tunnel project say good-bye to tunnel tunnel , old method on punch a hole to set off firecrackers , have fast, safe, high-efficient, characteristic of environmental protection. First sets of products 3.65 of diameter, tunnel speed can up to 180, use quilt for Yunnan palm turtledove s river diversion works every 24 hours. The expert estimates , such projects as the national railway , highway , water conservancy , oil gas , municipal administration ,etc. need to finish tunnel of 5800 kilometers altogether in the following 20 years. For a long time, the tunnelling machine that our country uses relies on the complete machine to introduce . A new generation the whole section appearance of person who tunnel is it reduce of our country tunnel construct the cost to contribute to, have wide market prospects. The coal mine anchor man pole bore drills into the development prospect of the equipments Stock is it is it have suitable to accelerate well lane tunnel speed , raise roof prop up result of protecting , is it prop up labour intensity of partial toing and reduce and prop up and protect the advanced technology that materials consume to reduce to protect to prop up. Our country country colliery tunnel 5 million more than tunnel every year with particular emphasis only, will it be the end 1997, stock prop up average to up to 31.5% the whole country of protecting etc., according to planning, by 2000, the stock should be up to 50% equally while propping up the protecting rate, but already such 16 mineral bureaus as Da Tong , Xingtai , Pingdingshan , iron processes , Western Hills , Longkou ,etc. have taken the lead in making the stock prop up the protecting rate and exceed 50%. Foreign advanced person mine country stock prop up partial toing rate exceed 80% often. Stock hole creep into it is stock that prop up important link constructed to protect, stock prop up protect development need a large number of stock hole creep into equipment guarantee. The hole of the stock creeps into the equipment and includes the stock rig and related drilling tool (drilling rod , bit ,etc.). It is analysed that the hole of stocks creeps into the current situation of the equipment , look forward to its development prospect , contribute to promoting the hole of stocks to creep into the technological progress of the equipment constantly, make it meet stocks and prop up the need which protects technology. The hole of the stock creeps into the equipment and relies mainly on stock rig . Stock rig divide the single style into, get into the train type, airborne type according to the structure； Divided into a battery operated , pneumatic type , hydraulic pressure type according to motive force； Divided into turning round type , impacted , striking the turning round type , turning the impacted round according to the broken rock way. Drilling tool related to stock rig , because broken rock ways are different different, have broken rock drilling tool , bludgonning into type broken rock drilling tool of turning round etc. and turn the striking type broken rock drilling tool round generally speaking. Foreign stock hole creep into variety and various function of equipment , superior technical feature have, dependability is high. 3 collieries of stock holes creep into the future of the equipment: Stock hole creep into equipment whether stock is it protect desirability of development to prop up, it must develop forward according to sure law, research , development , production and using of stock rig and related drilling tool , must accord with the objective law . Analyse domestic and international relevant information, summarize the experience and lessons , notice that the stock hole creeps into the tending to basically of equipment development in the colliery, help to make the products develop constantly in the market competition. 3.1 Pneumatic, the single turning round type stock rig of hydraulic pressure is a mainstream of one period； 3.2 Study stock rig torsion and reform bit development person who turn round stock hole creeps into the key to the equipment； 3.3 Development of new and high technology, is it should creep into change of technology on stock hole to have In these decades, the hole of the stock has already to creep into the equipment had certain improvement, with the development of kownledge economy, stock rig and related drilling tool will be improved to some extent gradually, it is estimated that can cause the great change of the products in the following: (1)Structure optimization and Hi-Tech new application of material of parameter, make single stock rig performance raise, weight lightens. Have adopted the rock bit of the new and high technology to make the turning round type creep into the way and expand the range of application. (2)Application on diff