英語連詞.ppt.ppt

連詞conjunctions,連詞是一種虛詞，它不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞，短語與短語以及句與句的作用。連詞主要可分為兩類：并列連詞(coordinatingconjunctions)從屬連詞(subordinatingconjunctions),一、概說連詞是一種虛詞，用于連接單詞、短語、從句或句子，在句子中不單獨(dú)用作句子成分。連詞按其性質(zhì)可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。并列連詞用于連接并列的單詞、短語、從句或句子，如and,but,or,for等；從屬連詞主要引出名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句等)和狀語從句(時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、目的狀語從句等)，引出名詞性從句的連詞如that,whether等，引出狀語從句的連詞如when,because,since,if等。,連詞定義,連接詞與詞、短語與短語、句子與句子的詞，叫連詞。例如：itisneithertoocoldnortoohotinspring.（neithernor連接兩個(gè)詞）youcanreadeitherinthemorningorintheafternoon.（eitheror連接兩個(gè)短語）hulanwaslateyesterdaybecauseshewokeuptoolate.（because連接兩個(gè)句子）,并列連詞列表用來連接有并列關(guān)系的詞、短語或分句的連詞是并列連詞；并列連詞連接分句構(gòu)成并列句。,連詞,并列連詞列表andbutnorsoyethoweverhencethenfororneverthelessneverthelessaswellasnotonly.butalsoboth.andneither.noreither.orconsequently表示轉(zhuǎn)折意思-表示因果關(guān)系-表示并列關(guān)系,1并列連詞與并列結(jié)構(gòu)判斷改錯(cuò)：theysatdownandtalkaboutsomething.ftheystartedtodanceandsang.fisawtwomensittingbehindandwhisperthere.fsheplaysnotonlythepiano,buttheguitar.tneitheryounorhearetoblame.fmakeupyourmind,oryoullgetthechance.fthereisnoairandwaterinthemoonfsomepeoplelovecats,whenothershatethem.ftheywerenotthebonesofananimal,and(thebones)ofahumanbeing.f,并列連詞的用法,1.表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞。這類連詞主要有but,yet等。如someoneborrowedmypen,butidontrememberwho.有人借了我的鋼筆，但我不記得是誰了。hesaidhewasourfriend,yethewouldnthelpus.他說他是我們的朋友，但卻不肯幫助我們。,2.表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞。這類連詞主要有for,so等。如thechildhadabadcough,sohismothertookhimtothedoctor.這孩子咳得很利害，所以他媽媽帶他去看醫(yī)生。youaresupposedtogetridofcarelessness,foritoftenleadstoseriouserrors.你們一定要克服粗枝大葉，因?yàn)榇种Υ笕~常常引起嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤。注意：for表示結(jié)果通常不能放句首，也不能單獨(dú)使用。,3.表示并列關(guān)系的并列連詞。這類連詞主要有and,or,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybut(also),bothand,aswellas等。如：hedidntgoandshedidntgoeither.他沒去，她也沒去。theweatherismildtoday;itisneitherhotnorcold.今天天氣很溫暖，不冷也不熱。bothnewyorkandlondonhavetrafficproblems.紐約和倫敦都存在交通問題。itisimportantforyouaswellasforme.這對你和對我都很重要。peoplewhoareeitherunderageoroveragemaynotjointhearmy.年齡不到或者超齡的人都不得參軍。,并列詞與詞、短語與短語的連詞and,or,both.and,either.or,notonly.butalso,neither.nor。,ican_swim_skate.imgoingtohavesometrainingnextyear.a.either,orb.neither,norc.both,andd.notonly,butalso解題技巧以此立意考查能否正確使用并列連詞and,or,both.and,either.or,notonly.butalso,neither.nor等。其中后三組連詞并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與最靠近的主語保持一致。本題題意是對swim和skate兩種動(dòng)作的否定，對兩者否定用neithernor，選b。,b,2.并列分句的連詞so,for,but,and,or,notonly.butalso,一becareful,_youwillmakemistakesinyourexams.iknowthat,mum.onecanneverbetoocareful.a.andb.orc.nord.but解題技巧以此立意考查能否正確使用并列連詞so,for,but,and,or,notonly.butalso，其中notonly.butalso并列分句時(shí)，第一個(gè)分句要倒裝。so因此；for因?yàn)椋籦ut但是；and你就會(huì)；or否則的話；notonlybutalso不僅而且。本題的前后分句之間是否定條件關(guān)系“否則的話”，用連詞or，選b。,b,從屬連詞,從屬連詞。引導(dǎo)從句的連詞叫做從屬連詞，分連接代詞和連接副詞兩種。,從屬連詞列表,從屬連詞的用法,1.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞(1)表示“當(dāng)時(shí)候”或“每當(dāng)”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的when,while,as,whenever。如：donttalkwhileyoureeating.吃飯時(shí)不要說話。vegetablesarebestwhentheyarefresh.蔬菜新鮮時(shí)最好吃。hecamejustasiwasleaving.我正要走時(shí)他來了。,(2)表示“在之前(或之后)”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有before,after。如：trytofinishyourworkbeforeyouleave.離開前設(shè)法把工作做完。afterwehavefinishedtea,wewillsitonthegrass.喝完茶之后我們將坐在草地上。,(3)表示“自從”或“直到”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有since,until,till。如：shesbeenplayingtennissinceshewaseight.她從八歲起就打網(wǎng)球了。holdonuntilifetchhelp.堅(jiān)持一下，等我找人來幫忙。nevertroubletroubletilltroubletroublesyou.(諺)不要無事惹事。,(4)表示“一就”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有assoonas,themoment,theminute,thesecond,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,once,nosoonerthan,hardlywhen等。如：illletyouknowassoonasihearfromher.我一接她的信就通知你。themomentihavefinishedillgiveyouacall.我一干完就給你打電話。icameimmediatelyiheardthenews.我一聽到這個(gè)消息，馬上就來了。onceyoubeginyoumustcontinue.你一旦開始,便不可停下來。,(5)表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有everytime(每次)，eachtime(每次)，(the)nexttime(下次)，anytime(隨時(shí))，(the)lasttime(上次)，thefirsttime(第一次)。如：illtellhimaboutit(the)nexttimeiseehim.我下一次見到他時(shí)，我就把這個(gè)情況告訴他。weloseafewskincellseverytimewewashourhands.每當(dāng)我們洗手的時(shí)候，我們都要損失一些皮膚細(xì)胞。youcancallmeanytimeyouwantto.你隨時(shí)都可以給我打電話。注意：everytime,eachtime,anytime前不用冠詞，(the)nexttime,(the)lasttime中的冠詞可以省略，而thefirsttime中的冠詞通常不能省略。,2.引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞。這類連詞主要有if,unless,assolongas,incase等。如：doyoumindifiopenthewindow?我開窗你不介意吧?dontcomeunlessitelephone.除非我打電話，否則你別來。aslongasyourehappy，itdoesntmatterwhatyoudo.只要你高興，你做什么都沒關(guān)系。incaseitrainstheywillstayathome.萬一下雨，他們就呆在家里。,注意：在條件狀語從句中，通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來意義，而不能直接使用將來時(shí)態(tài)。不過，有時(shí)表示條件的if之后可能用will，但那不是將來時(shí)態(tài),而是表示意愿或委婉的請求(will為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)。如：ifyouwillsitdownforafewmoments,illtellthemanageryourehere.請稍坐,我這就通知經(jīng)理說您來了。,3.引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有inorderthat,sothat,incase,forfear等。如：heraisedhisvoicesothateveryonecouldhear.他提高了嗓音，以便每個(gè)人都能聽見。takeyourumbrella(just)incaseitrains.帶上雨傘，以防下雨。sherepeatedtheinstructionsslowlyinorderthatheshouldunderstand.她把那些指示慢慢重復(fù)了一遍好讓他聽明白。,4.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有sothat,sothat,suchthat等。如：iwenttothelectureearlysothatigotagoodseat.我去聽演講去得很早,所以找個(gè)好座位。ihadsomanyfallsthatiwasblackandblueallover.我摔了許多跤，以致于全身都是青一塊紫一塊的。atsixesandsevensheshutthewindowwithsuchforcethattheglassbroke.他關(guān)窗子用力很大,結(jié)果玻璃震破了。,5.引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有because,as,since,seeing(that),now(that),considering(that)等。如hedistrustedmebecauseiwasnew.他不信任我，因?yàn)槲沂切聛淼?。asyouaresorry，illforgiveyou.既然你悔悟了，我就原諒你。sincewevenomoney,wecantbuyit.由于我們沒錢，我們無法購買它。seeingthathesillhesunlikelytocome.因?yàn)樗×?，他大概不?huì)來了。nowthatshehasapologized,iamcontent.既然她已經(jīng)道了歉,我也就滿意了。satisfied,6.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有although,though,eventhough,evenif,while,however,whatever,whoever,whenever,wherever等。如：althoughtheyaretwins,theylookentirelydifferent.他們雖是孿生,但是相貌卻完全不同。ilikehereventhoughshecanbeannoying.盡管她有時(shí)很惱人,但我還是喜歡她。youwontmovethatstone,howeverstrongyouare.不管你力氣多大,也休想搬動(dòng)那塊石頭。whateverwehaveachieved,weowetoyoursupport.我們?nèi)〉玫囊磺谐删投細(xì)w功于你們的支持。i-o-uwhoeveryouare,youcantpassthisway.不管你是誰，你都不能從這里通過。wheneveriseehimispeaktohim.每當(dāng)我見到他，我都和他講話。,7.引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有as,asif,asthough,theway等。如：whydidntyoucatchthelastbusasitoldyouto?你怎么不聽我的話趕乘末班公共汽車呢?hebenttheironbarasifithadbeenmadeofrubber.他將鐵棍折彎，仿佛那是用橡皮做成的。nobodyelselovesyoutheway(=as)ido.沒有人像我這樣愛你,8.引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有where,wherever,everywhere,anywhere等。如：thechurchwasbuiltwheretherehadoncebeenaromantemple.這座教堂蓋在一座羅馬寺廟的舊址。illtakeyouanywhereyoulike.你想到哪兒我就帶你到哪兒。everywhereigo，ifindthesamething.不管我走到哪里，我都發(fā)現(xiàn)同樣情況。,9.引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有than和asas。如：shewasnowhappierthanshehadeverbeen.現(xiàn)在她比過去任何時(shí)候都快活。iglancedatmywatch.itwasearlierthanithought.我看了看表，時(shí)間比我想像的早。hedoesntworkashardasshedoes.他工作不像她那樣努力。,10.引起名詞從句的從屬連詞。主要有that,whether,if等，它們用于引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。其中that不僅沒不充當(dāng)句子成分，而且沒有詞義，在句子中只起連接作用；而if,whether雖不充當(dāng)句子成分，但有詞義，即表示“是否”。如：herepliedthathewasgoingbytrain.他回答說他將坐火車去。iwonderifitslargeenough.我不知道它是否夠大。iworryaboutwhetherihurtherfeelings.我為是否傷了她的感情而擔(dān)心。,3連接賓語從句的連詞。,whatdidyousaytoyourmotherjustnow?iaskedher_shecookedfordinner.a.thatb.ifc.howd.what解題技巧以此立意的試題考查考生能否正確使用連接賓語從句的一組連詞that,if/whether,what等。連接賓語從句有四類連詞:that(事實(shí));if/whether(不確定是否);特殊疑問(when,where,what等);how/what感嘆含義的從句。要根據(jù)語境來決定選用哪類連詞。本句的賓語從句是一個(gè)表達(dá)疑問的信息“是否做飯？”，選b。,b,連接時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞。,hurryup.thebusiscoming.oh,no.wemustntcrossthestreet_thetrafficlightsaregreen.a.afterb.sincec.whiled.until解題技巧以此立意考查能否正確使用連接時(shí)間狀語從句的一組連詞assoonas,while,until,when,after。assoonas連接主句和從句的動(dòng)詞都應(yīng)該是短暫動(dòng)詞“一就”；while所引導(dǎo)的從句必須是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞；not.until(after)主句和從句的動(dòng)詞也都應(yīng)該是短暫動(dòng)詞“直到才”，在肯定句中，until從句的動(dòng)詞是短暫動(dòng)詞，但主句的動(dòng)詞必須是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞；after引導(dǎo)的從句往往用過去完成時(shí)，主句用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的先后順序；since引導(dǎo)的從句用一般過去時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。本題的題意為“綠燈亮?xí)r才能過馬路”，notuntil直到才，選d。,d,連接目的或結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞。,hurryup,jack.wehavetogettothestationbefore11:45_wecancatchthe12:00train.a.sinceb.afterc.assoonasd.sothat解題技巧以此立意考查能否正確使用連接目的和結(jié)果狀語從句的一組連詞so,sothat。“為了”“結(jié)果”。本題是一個(gè)目的狀語從句“為了能趕上12點(diǎn)的火車”，選d。,d,連接條件狀語從句的連詞。,_yougotobedearlier,youwontfeeltiredinthemornings.a.unlessb.becausec.ifd.when解題技巧以此立意考查能否正確使用連接目的和結(jié)果狀語從句的一組連詞if,unless。if如果；unless如果不；除非。本句是一個(gè)條件句，如果，選c。,c,轉(zhuǎn)折性連詞列表besidessogenerallyspeakinginfactindeedonthecontraryofcourseinshortinthiswaythatisbecausemoreoverontheotherhandbuthoweveryetalthoughatthesametimeinsteadevensoforexampleinadditionforinstancenamelybecauseofasaresultforthisreasonthereforethus表示重復(fù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)和結(jié)論比較或?qū)Ρ忍岢隼C因果關(guān)系,exercises,i.multiplechoice.1.doyouthinkthisissomething_canbelearned?a.whob.thatc.x(theconjunctioncanbeomitted)2.dontgoout_youvefinishedyourwork.a.asb.whilec.until3.makesureyoucloseallthewindows_itstartstorain.a.afterb.beforec.for,b,c,b,4.ithinkiknow_heleftthejob.a.whyb.untilc.where5.shes_asnobbishperson_nobodylikestobewithher.a.such.thatb.such.asc.so.that6wheneverispeaktohim,wasfairlyoften,hewouldtalkonandonwithoutgivingmeachancetospeak.awhatbwhencthatdwhich,a,a,d,7._ihadknownhowmuchiwoulddisappointhim,iwouldnthavedoneit.a.whetherb.whenc.if8._youseeme,igetinthecar.a.assoonasb.whilec.whether9.myfriendjohn,_livesincalifornia,hasacarwithanewyorklicense.a.whoseb.whoc.that,c,a,b,sentence-combining:,hearrivedhome.ihadalreadycleanedthehouse.(bythetime)theygotmarried.theyhadtolearntomanagetheirownhome.(after)hewentcrazy.hiswifeburnthisbreakfast.(when)youcanhearwhatimsaying.youkeepquiet.(if)iwontinvitemyclassmatestoaparty.iknowthemwell.(until)shessnobbish.peoplelikeher.(yet)werebroke.wecantbuyanything.(since)hefailed.hewontgiveuphisideals.(eventhough)hefellasleep.hewaswatchingthefilm.(while)thefirstquizwaseasy.thisoneisextremelydifficult.(whereas),sentence-matching,1.therainstarted2.bobscarisold3.hewasafamoushockeyplayer曲棍球4.iwrotemanybooks5.theyhadtocancelthemeeting6.nooneknowsforsure7.youwontsucceed8.althoughitwasraininga.ifyoudonttryhard.b.whenhewasyoung.c.becausethedirectordidnotshowup.d.hewentoutwithoutanumbrella.e.whileiwasdrivinghome.f.whowonlastyearsrace.g.beforeiwasawardedtheliteratureprize.h.buthecantaffordbuyinganewone.,1e2-h3-b4-g5-c6-f7-a8-d,最新焦點(diǎn)：,1weagreedtoaccepttheythoughtwasthebestprofessorinthecollege.awhateverbwhomevercwhicheverdwhoever2.oureducationalsystemmustprepareourcitizenstobepersonswhohavegreatrespectfornature_formankindandpersonswhowanttoenrichtheworld.aaswellasbsuchascthesameasdasto3hethoughthewashelpinguswiththework,hewasactuallyintheway.abecausebifcwhendalthough,d,d,5.forsomepeople,travelingabroadisthethingtheyenjoymostinlife;forothers,culturaldifferencesmakethemfeeluncomfortable.afortunatelybevenworsecwhatsmoredthough6.thethingspeoplelikeaboutbenettonstoresarethequalityisalwayshighandthepricesaregenerallylow.awhetherbwhatcthatdif7.itmightbeallrighttotellafriendyoulovedtheshirtyougotasagiftyouknowyoullneverwearit.aeventhoughbunlesscincasedorelse,d,c,a,9.cctvisexactlylikeawindowontheworld_yousitbyitandfixyourattentiononwhatitshows.aifbasifcevenifdifany10_humanbeingsliveinlargenumbers,thewatersareverylikelytobepolluted.athatbwhereconcedas11.somechildrenaremadovervideogames.theyjustcanttearthemselvesawayfromthem_theystart.asinceboncecevenifdas12.thesecountrieswilljoinoneanotheragainstterrorism,_wasagreedtoattheinternationalconference.a.asb.whoc.thatd.what,a,b,b,a,13.heslippedandhadhislegbroken._,hewillhavetobeawayfromschoo