2020屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)瘋狂專練三詞性轉(zhuǎn)化及詞性變化單句填空語(yǔ)法填空.docx

瘋狂專練三 詞性轉(zhuǎn)化及詞性變化單句填空 語(yǔ)法填空技巧點(diǎn)撥當(dāng)空格處所需詞類與括號(hào)中所給詞的詞類不同時(shí)，就需要詞類轉(zhuǎn)化。我們可據(jù)以下3條規(guī)則順利解題：(1)作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)用名詞形式；(2)作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用形容詞形式；(3)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或另一副詞，作狀語(yǔ)，用副詞形式。具體解題技巧如下：第一步：分析結(jié)構(gòu)，確定要填的詞在句中充當(dāng)哪種句子成分。在名詞前作定語(yǔ)、在系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)、作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，一般要用形容詞；修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞，或修飾整個(gè)句子，作狀語(yǔ)，用副詞；作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)用名詞，或者在冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格后，用名詞。第二步：根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法將括號(hào)中的詞變成所需要的詞類。注意：1. 有時(shí)不但要注意詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，而且還要考慮用表示相反意義的前綴或后綴，其邏輯意義才通順；2. 當(dāng)所給詞的詞性與空格處所需詞的詞性相同時(shí)，無(wú)需改變?cè)~性，就可能是加只改變?cè)~義但不改變?cè)~性的前綴了。?？伎键c(diǎn)形容詞副詞widewidely形容詞形容詞比較級(jí)/最高級(jí)widewider/widest形容詞名詞widewidth形容詞動(dòng)詞wide widen動(dòng)詞名詞instruct instruction (s)特殊變性happy happily, simple simply， true truly, arrange arrangement，judge judgment小題狂練1.【2019全國(guó) II卷】Her years of hard work have _(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.2【2019全國(guó)卷I】It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _ (poor) studied.3.【2019全國(guó)卷I改編】It leads to a _ (believe) that populations are increasing4.【2019浙江卷】Other American studies showed no _ (connect) between uniforms and school performance.5.【2019浙江卷】School uniforms are _ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.6.【2018全國(guó)卷I I】According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total _ (globe) fertilizer consumption.7.【2018全國(guó)卷III】Im a _ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.8.【2018全國(guó)卷I】Running is cheap, easy and its always (energy). 9.【2017全國(guó)卷I I】This development was only possible with the _ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.10.【2019浙江卷改編】When the children are walking to school on dark mornings, car drivers can _ (easy) see them.11. She took the job for _（variety）reasons.12. It(eventual) became Chinas primary faith, more widespread than the original Chinese religions of Confucianism and Taoism.13.When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _(compete) to watch，together with the story behind it.14. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be(afford) but doing this most days adds up.15. He explained that he tried to _ (simple) the show and ensured the piglet is unforgettable.16.The _ (produce) made his fortune thanks to the young peppa pig.17.Now that you are able to take up arms and protect your motherland，we are all_（pride）of you.18. I suggest we should find new ways to protect the _（endanger）animals.19. In the course of _（evolve），some birds have lost the power of flight.20. In order to protect the environment people shouldnt destroy _（nature）balance.直擊考題passage1體裁主題字?jǐn)?shù)建議用時(shí)議論文空氣污染的影響215字9分鐘The silent killer air pollution causes seven million premature (過(guò)早的) _1_ (death) a year, not just in _2_ (develop) countries but also in UK and the USA as well. In China，people are well aware of the health problems it brings.I check every part every day. If it has heavy air pollution, I will prepare masks for my family. I dislike _3_ when the air is bad. Because bad air makes it difficult for me to breathe and I think it does influence my _4_ (perform) at work. A new research in China has also found a link between air quality and levels of intelligence. In the study, 25,000 people living across China _5_ (test) in language and math skills last year. They found the results of those _6_ lived in more polluted areas were _7_ (negative) impacted, especially in languages. It adds to a growing body of evidence that air pollution has an effect not just on the lungs and heart _8_ on the brain.This research shows that the longer we are exposed to air pollution, the _9_ (many) problems were storing up for later life. Campaigners hope this study will persuade the British government _10_ (think) hard before it publishes its clean air strategy next year.passage2體裁主題字?jǐn)?shù)建議用時(shí)議論文手機(jī)與溝通200字9分鐘【晉冀魯豫中原名校2019屆高三第三次聯(lián)考】Stand in line at any grocery store or sit in any hospital waiting room, and you see people staring at their phones, probably catching up on news or just relieving their boredom. This seems harmless enough. But could being on our phones affect our_1_(able) to connect with the people around us?_2_new study aimed to answer that question.Researcher Kostadin Kushlev and his colleagues asked pairs of college students，_3_were strangers to each other_4_(come) into a small lab waiting room-either with orwithout their phones. They were told that the researchers were running a bit late and theyneeded to wait. While waiting, their faces were_5_(secret) videotaped. Afterwards, thestudents_6_(report) how they felt and how much they interacted(互動(dòng))with the otherparticipants.The researchers studied videotapes of the faces of airs who interacted，_7_(measure) how often they smiled. The_8_(result)?People with phones exhibited fewer smiles overall. They spent 30% less of the time smiling_9_people without phones, signaling less interest in connecting with others. Whats more, thirty-two participants with phones didnt interact at all in the waiting room. These findings show that using phones in public _10_(affect) ones interaction with others. Consequently，cell phones should be used wisely.passage3體裁主題字?jǐn)?shù)建議用時(shí)說(shuō)明文金庸的介紹173字8分鐘【江西省名校（臨川一中、南昌二中）2019屆高三5月聯(lián)合考試】Louis Cha, better known by his pen name Jin Yong, was a Chinese wuxia novelist and essayist, _1_co-founded the Hong Kong daily newspaper Ming Bao in 1959 and _2_ (serve) as the first editor-in-chief. He was Hong Kongs most famous writer.His wuxia novels have _3_ widespread following in Chinese communities worldwide. His 15 works _4_ (write) between 1955 and 1972 earned him a reputation as one of the greatest and most popular wuxia writers ever. By the time of his _5_ (die) he was the best-selling Chinese author, and over 100 million copies of his works have been sold worldwide. His works have the unusual ability _6_ (go) beyond geographical and ideological barriers separating Chinese communities of the world, achieving _7_ (great) success than any other contemporary writer.Most of his works _8_ (translate) into many languages so far, including English, French, etc. Even the asteroid (小行星) 10930 Jinyong (1998 CR2) is named _9_ him.We cannot thank him more for _10_ he has done in novel literature.答案與解析小題狂練1.【答案】finally【解析】考查副詞用法。根據(jù)空格所處位置可知，此處應(yīng)用副詞形式作狀語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞have been acknowledged，意為“最終得以認(rèn)可”，故填finally。2.【答案】poorly【解析】考查副詞用法。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，此處用副詞poorly修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞has been studied，意為“研究很少”。故填poorly。3.【答案】belief【解析】考查名詞。根據(jù)其前不定冠詞和其后的同位語(yǔ)從句可知，空格處為名詞形式，故填belief。4.【答案】connection/connections【解析】考查名詞。句意：其他的美國(guó)研究表明校服和學(xué)校表現(xiàn)之間沒(méi)有聯(lián)系。no是形容詞，形容詞修飾名詞，位于名詞前，名詞可用復(fù)數(shù)也可用單數(shù)形式。connect是動(dòng)詞，“聯(lián)系”的意思，因此，要用其名詞形式。故填connection/connections。5.【答案】traditional【解析】考查形容詞。句意：穿校服在英國(guó)是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)，但是一些學(xué)校開(kāi)始允許學(xué)生上學(xué)不用穿校服。are是系動(dòng)詞，其后常用形容詞作表語(yǔ)，tradition是名詞，“傳統(tǒng)”的意思，因此，用其形容詞形式。故填traditional。6.【答案】global【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：中國(guó)約占全球化肥總消費(fèi)量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名詞短語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)該用形容詞修飾。故填global。7.【答案】scientist【解析】考查名詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，我是一名科學(xué)家。scientist科學(xué)家。8.【答案】energetic【解析】考查詞形變化。跑步總是讓人充滿活力的。根據(jù)its可知，系動(dòng)詞后用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。故填energetic。9.【答案】introduction【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？崭袂笆莟he,后面應(yīng)該是名詞，故填名詞introduction。10.【答案】easily【解析】考查副詞。分析句式可知，設(shè)空處所給詞是修飾動(dòng)詞see，修飾動(dòng)詞要用副詞，因此，用easy的副詞形式。故填easily。11.【答案】various【解析】考查形容詞。句意：她由于種種原因接受了這份工作。修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞reasons應(yīng)用形容詞，故填various。12.【答案】eventually【解析】考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞became，應(yīng)用副詞形式，故填eventually。13.【答案】competition【解析】考查名詞。句意：當(dāng)他們沒(méi)有工作的時(shí)候，他們邀請(qǐng)我們參加當(dāng)?shù)氐幕顒?dòng)，讓我們知道一個(gè)有趣的比賽，以及它背后的故事。由空格前的不定冠詞an與空格后的不定式to watch可以確定空格處應(yīng)該填名詞形式。故填competition。14.【答案】affordable 【解析】考查形容詞。此處表示一周一兩次外出吃飯是負(fù)擔(dān)得起的，系動(dòng)詞be后用形容詞作表語(yǔ)，表示“負(fù)擔(dān)得起的”, 故填affordable。15.【答案】simplify【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)化。try to do sth.“嘗試做某事”后跟動(dòng)詞原形，故填動(dòng)詞simplify。16.【答案】producer【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)化。句意：這位制作人靠年輕的小豬佩奇發(fā)了財(cái)。做主語(yǔ)，表示“制作人”，故填producer。17.【答案】proud【解析】考查形容詞。句意：現(xiàn)在你們能夠拿起武器保衛(wèi)祖國(guó)了，我們都為你們感到驕傲。固定短語(yǔ)be proud of=take pride in以為自豪。故填proud。18.【答案】endangered【解析】考查形容詞。句意：我建議我們應(yīng)該尋找新的方法保護(hù)瀕危動(dòng)物。修飾名詞animals應(yīng)用形容詞形式。endanger（使遭危險(xiǎn)）的形容詞為endangered，意為“瀕危的”，符合句意。故填endangered。19.【答案】evolution【解析】考查名詞。句意：在進(jìn)化的過(guò)程中，一些鳥喪失了飛行能力?？崭袂皁f為介詞，空格后沒(méi)有其他形式的賓語(yǔ)，所以空格處應(yīng)用名詞形式。evolve（進(jìn)化）的名詞形式為evolution，故填evolution。20.【答案】natural【解析】考查形容詞。句意：為了保護(hù)環(huán)境，人們不應(yīng)該破壞自然平衡。修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞形式。nature（自然界，大自然）的形容詞形式為natural（自然的）。故填natural。直擊考題passage1【答案】1. deaths2. developing 3. it 4. performance 5. were tested6. who 7. negatively 8. but 9. more 10. to think【解析】1.考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：無(wú)聲殺手空氣污染每年導(dǎo)致700萬(wàn)人過(guò)早死亡，不僅在發(fā)展中國(guó)家，在英國(guó)和美國(guó)也是如此。此處death“死亡的人數(shù)”，是可數(shù)名詞，結(jié)合句意可知此處用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故答案為deaths。2.考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)化。句意參照上題解析。由“but”可知，此處是“發(fā)展中的”，是形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾后面的名詞，故答案為developing。3.考查it用法。句意：我不喜歡空氣不好的時(shí)候。此處it是形式主語(yǔ)，when引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語(yǔ)，故答案為it。4.考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)化。句意：我認(rèn)為這確實(shí)會(huì)影響我的工作表現(xiàn)。此處my是形容詞性物主代詞，修飾名詞，故答案為performance。5.考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：在這項(xiàng)研究中，去年對(duì)中國(guó)各地的2.5萬(wàn)人進(jìn)行了語(yǔ)言和數(shù)學(xué)技能測(cè)試。此處句子主語(yǔ)people，集體名詞，和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞test之間是一種被動(dòng)關(guān)系，再根據(jù)last year可知是發(fā)生在過(guò)去，所以句子用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故答案為were tested。6.考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些生活在污染更嚴(yán)重地區(qū)的人受到了負(fù)面影響，尤其是在語(yǔ)言方面。此處those是先行詞，指人，在后面的定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，故答案為who。7.考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意參照上題解析。此處impacted是動(dòng)詞，由副詞修飾，故答案為negatively。8.考查固定搭配。句意：越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明，空氣污染不僅會(huì)影響肺部和心臟，還會(huì)影響大腦。固定搭配：not just/onlybut（also）“不但而且”。故答案為but。9.考查比較級(jí)。句意：這項(xiàng)研究表明，我們接觸空氣污染的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，我們?yōu)橐院蟮纳罘e累的問(wèn)題就越多。固定結(jié)構(gòu)：the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)“越，越。”故答案為more。10.考查動(dòng)詞。句意：活動(dòng)家希望這項(xiàng)研究能說(shuō)服英國(guó)政府在明年公布其清潔空氣戰(zhàn)略之前多斟酌。固定搭配：persuade sb. to do sth.“勸說(shuō)某人做某事”。故答案為to think。passage2【答案】1.ability 2. A 3. who 4.to come 5.secretly6.reported 7.measuring 8.results 9.than 10.affects【解析】1.考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)化。句意：但是使用手機(jī)會(huì)影響我們與周圍的人交流的能力么？作動(dòng)詞affect的賓語(yǔ)用名詞，故填ability。2.考查冠詞。句意：一項(xiàng)新研究旨在回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。study意為“研究”，為可數(shù)名詞，此處是第一次提到，用不定冠詞表泛指，故填A(yù)。3.考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：研究員Kostadin Kushlev和他的同事讓幾組互不相識(shí)的大學(xué)生進(jìn)入一間小實(shí)驗(yàn)室的等候室，他們可以帶手機(jī)，也可以不帶手機(jī)，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，先行詞是pairs of college students，故填關(guān)系代詞who。4.考查動(dòng)詞。句意參考上題析，ask sb. to do sth表示“讓某人做某事”，故填to come。5.考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)化。句意：在等待時(shí)，他們的臉被秘密地錄了下來(lái)。修飾動(dòng)詞videotaped用副詞，故填secretly。6.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：之后，學(xué)生們報(bào)告了他們的感覺(jué)以及與其他參與者的互動(dòng)有多少。事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填reported。7.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：研究人員研究了互動(dòng)的學(xué)生的面部表情錄像，測(cè)量他們微笑的頻率。 researchers與measure之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示主動(dòng)，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，故填measuring。8.考查名詞。句意：結(jié)果呢？總的來(lái)說(shuō)，帶手機(jī)