Philosophy 中西哲學(xué)比較.ppt

DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternphilosophies英語2班成員 吳秋紅 閆賽祎 高潔依 鄭典 謝蕊杰 崔曼 Contents ThedefinitionofPhilosophyOriginDevelopmentChinesephilosophyWesternphilosophyConclusionComparison Whatisphilosophy FromancientGreekphilosophia consistingofphilolosandSophia Itmeanslovingwisdom Marx Philosophyisthesystematicworldoutlookandmethodology FengYoulan Philosophyisthethoughtofasystematicreflectionoflife MouZongsan Alltheactivitiesofhumannature toreasonandideastoreflectonthephilosophyis LuoSu Philosophyteachespeoplenottobeabletodeterminehowtoliveandnottobehesitant TheoriginofancientChinesephilosophy 中國古代哲學(xué) 最初是從原始宗教中逐漸分化出來的 早在原始社會 距今約170萬年 公元前2100年 就已經(jīng)孕育著哲學(xué)的胚芽 原始人在自己的勞動中了解自然界 有了唯物論萌芽的基礎(chǔ) 主要體現(xiàn)在陰陽五行的觀念上 遠在公元前1000余年 在農(nóng)業(yè)和畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上 人們有了現(xiàn)在 過去 未來的時間觀念 稱當(dāng)今為 今 過去的日子為 昔 旬內(nèi)之某日為 翌 次旬之某日為 來 同時為了區(qū)分土地 進行商業(yè)交通和軍事征伐 人們也有了東 西 南 北 中五方的空間觀念 在生產(chǎn)發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)上 人們除了時空觀念外 還產(chǎn)生了原始的陰陽五行觀念 陰陽觀念記載于 周易 中國史學(xué)界比較一致斷定 商 殷 代是中國歷史上的奴隸制時代 尚書 商書 盤庚 以后各篇和殷墟小屯發(fā)掘出來的甲骨文片 是中國最早的成文史料 詩經(jīng) 商頌 說 帝立子生商 商代統(tǒng)治者自認為是上天的子孫 是代表上天來管理臣民的 周滅商時 周統(tǒng)治者宣稱 丕顯文王 受天有 佑 大命 大盂鼎 意即文王創(chuàng)立了滅商事業(yè) 是受天命保佑的 周天子是上天在天上的投影 莊子 天下篇 也指出 這時期的哲學(xué)思想是 以天為宗 以德為本 這道出了哲學(xué)同宗教 倫理的結(jié)合 但是這時的哲學(xué)思想 只是處在萌芽狀態(tài) 尚未形成哲學(xué)學(xué)派 還沒有建立真正的哲學(xué)體系 因而沒有什么著名的哲學(xué)家 現(xiàn)在一般把中國傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)劃分為七個階段 即先秦子學(xué) 兩漢經(jīng)學(xué) 魏晉玄學(xué) 隋唐佛學(xué) 宋明理學(xué) 明清實學(xué) 乾嘉樸學(xué) Theoriginofancientwesternphilosophy Europeandeventhewholewesternphilosophy TheearliestancientGreekphilosophygenresschoolproducesaround7orbeforethe6thcenturyBC beforethis theancientGreekphilosophyhasalonggestationperiod InasensetheancientGreekphilosophyisthepremiseoftheancientGreekmyth sotospeak TheancientGreekmythincludesboththestoryofgodandthelegendofheroes Inthemostancientmythology talkedabouttheopening thebirthofthegodsofheavenandearth theoriginofhumanbeings andsoon InancientGreeceperson simagination godandmanismorphousgay godhasaperson simageandfeelings Indifferentplaceswithgodandman isthattheyareneverdie theyarebiggerandmorepowerfulthanman anddominatedthefortunesofthehumandestiny MountOlympus12maingodisactuallytheembodimentoftheforcesofnature ThedevelopmentofChinesephilosophy SpringandAutumnandtheWarringStasesperiods Ahundredschoolsofthoughtcontend Philosophicalorigin QinandHandynasty Strategyleading TheWei jinandTangdynasties Spiritualimpactstrategy SongandMingdynasty Reconciliationandholyendeavourtoclose Qingdynasty Invasionsofforeign practicallearning ThedevelopmentofWesternphilosophy Pre SocrateseraSocrateseraBeliefageThediscoveryofmanandnatureUnitedKingdommodernphilosophy Frenchenlightenmentphilosophy GermanclassicalphilosophyModernphilosophyPost modernphilosophy Chinesephilosophy 天人合一 HarmonyisoneofthefundamentalviewoftheChineseancientphilosophy heaven nature andmanisappropriate Emphasizethreeisthe bookofchanges of heaven earthandpeople makingpeoplethecenter illustratestheimportanceofpeople Isthewayofheaven everything inthebeginning tothewaythat allthings thewayofpeopleisthat allthings sothethreeearthhavetheirway butwatchingoutforeachothereachother Thewayofheavenandearthtogenerate thewayofpeopletoobtain Natureandhumanity isthedayandinductionofrelationsbetweenpeople Taoistthoughtdayisnatural thepersonisapartofnature So thisistheunityofnatureandman becauseofsomanyrulesandregulationsofunfettered makespeoplewereseparatedfromthenatureofnatural getawayfromthenature Therefore toachieveharmony mustabandonthoseterms willbereleasedalltheirownhumannature fullyintegratedintothenatureReachthestatewitheverythingintheworld Chinesephilosophyingenerallackofinterestincognitionofthingsandreligiousbeliefs andmorethanmakepublicthehumannatureofthingsandintuitivewisdom So Chinesephilosophyismorewisdominlife ratherthantothemicroscopicworldtoexplore Chinesephilosophyhasaprofoundculturalconsciousness andtranscendenceofreality Beyondtherootcauseisfromtheheart isintheheart notbasedonaspecificthings So Chinesephilosophyinpursuitofinnerbeyonddoesnotneedexternalalmsatthesametime alsodonotneedtosocialreality Ifpeoplewanttosay forexample thekingdomofheaven thatdaycountriesinpeople sminds ratherthaninanotherworld Westernphilosophy 天人分離 Westernphilosophyinitiallyputforwardtheproposition wateristhesourceofallthings Wedon thavetogetthispropositioniscorrectornot butatthesametimeputsforwardanotherquestionwhatconstitutes everythin sincethen thedirectionofthewesternphilosophicalexplorationisthemicrocosmicworld Thusaffectedtheircognitivehabits frommicroscopictowholethings AtthetimeofserviceinChristianphilosophy thusmakealotofmistakesinsciencebecomeentrenched Brunotohumanscienceisoneoftheverysmallexample Butduetothepursuitofmicroworld inthestudyofphilosophyatthesametime makenaturalsciencesuchasphysicshasbeenlong termdevelopment AftertheRenaissance suspectedofreligionismoreandmorefrequent Paymoreattentiontoreality opposeautocracyandcentralization requiredtheliberationandfreedomofthought Afterthisphilosophy morerational logicalandaxiom Throughthedualismoffusionmaterialviewchallengesatheismandotherfaiths Facemoreproblemsfromthebeginningofthe19thcentury philosophy includingsocial political economic scientific logical andsoon Makesphilosophytowardsthediversification Conclusion Inaword westernphilosophyfromGreekphilosophybegantopayattentiontotheworldandhumanexploration thoughmidwaycontrolledbyChristiantheology butasaresultofChristianityitselfisalsoinfluencedbywesternphilosophy sothatitsphilosophyisademocraticandscientific WhileChinesephilosophyemphasizesman srepairforrightfromthestart themorepeoplefrominternalbegantopractice SounderstandingoftheworldandChinesephilosophyfrompeople frompeople sAngleforunderstandingoftheworldtoexplore Withtheaccelerationofglobalizationoftoday ssociety theeasternandwesternphilosophicalthoughtstouchintensifying anditsperformanceisalsoeveryaspect Twoculturaldifferencesbetweeneastandwest respectively originatedfromtwodifferenttypesofphilosophicalviews Toanswerthisquestion isdividedintotwoaspects Ontheonehandisdifferent ontheotherhandisthesame Differences westernphilosophyfromancientGreecetoemphasizedichotomy Takeindividualasthecore rationalandstruggleasthemainperformance Theancie