（新課標(biāo)）高考英語(yǔ)短文語(yǔ)法填空和閱讀一輪選練（4）.doc

（新課標(biāo)）2016高考英語(yǔ)短文語(yǔ)法填空和閱讀一輪選練（4）語(yǔ)法填空。閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)內(nèi)容(不多于3個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。【全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷題型】 a group of frogs were traveling through the woods, and two of them fell into a deep pit (坑). when the other frogs saw how deep the pit was, they told the two frogs that they were as good as_1_(death). the two frogs didnt listen to the others and tried to jump out of the pit with all_2_might. the other frogs kept telling them to stop. finally, one of the frogs heard what the other frogs_3_(say) and gave up, so he died. the other frog went on jumping as hard as he_4_. once again, the other frogs cried at him and told him to stop and just allow himself to die. he jumped even_5_(hard) and finally made himself out. when he got out, the other frogs said, “didnt you hear us？” the frog explained_6_them that something was wrong with his hearing. he thought they were encouraging him_7_whole time.there is power of life and death in the tongue. an encouraging word to someone_8_is down can lift him or her up and help them make it through the day. be careful_9_what you say. speak life to those who cross your path. the power of wordsanyone can speak bad words that rob another of the spirit to go on in difficult times. but an_10_(encourage) word can go such a long way. 1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._6_ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._答案：1dead這兩只青蛙掉在深坑里，被認(rèn)為死定了。2theirwith all their might“竭盡全力”。3were saying過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，當(dāng)時(shí)別的青蛙不斷地說。4couldas hard as he could“盡力”。5harder比較級(jí)，比先前更努力。6to跳出來的青蛙向其他的青蛙解釋說，用介詞to。7thethe whole time“全程，一直”。8who關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞someone。9ofbe careful of“小心，當(dāng)心”。10encouragingencouraging“鼓勵(lì)的”，形容詞修飾名詞。廣東省語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空。there was once a beautiful girl who hated herself because she was blind. she also hated everyone else, except her _1_ (love) boyfriend who was considerate and was always there to help her. one day she told her boyfriend, “you _2_ (be) so kind to me and if i could only see the world, i should marry you.”one day, someone donated a pair of eyes to her. doctors spent several hours doing _3_ (operate) for her and the boy accompanied her at the bedside all the time. when the bandages came off, she was able to see everything, her boyfriend _4_ (include), of course.he asked her, “now _5_ you can see the world, will you marry me？” the girl looked at her boyfriend and saw that he was blind, too.the sight of _6_ ugly closed eyelids shocked her and made her feel sick. she had not expected that, and _7_ thought of looking at them in the rest of her life led her to refuse to marry him.her boyfriend left _8_ tears and a few days later sent a note to her， _9_ said，“please take good care of your eyes, my dear, because before they are yours, they were _10_！”after reading the words, the girl burst out crying, regretting what she had done to the boy.1解析結(jié)合語(yǔ)境考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。由下文“who was considerate and was always there to help her”可得出答案。loving是由love去掉e后加ing構(gòu)成的，loving意為“充滿愛的”。答案loving2解析考查時(shí)態(tài)。在間接引語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在仍然如此時(shí)，可以保持原時(shí)態(tài)。故此處應(yīng)用are。答案are3解析考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。由設(shè)空特點(diǎn)可以看出此處需要一個(gè)名詞作動(dòng)詞do的賓語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用operate的名詞形式operation。答案operation4解析考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。注意主句和“her boyfriend_”之間缺少連接詞，而且boyfriend與動(dòng)詞include之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞與“her boyfriend”一起構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。答案included5解析結(jié)合語(yǔ)境考查連詞。now that意為“既然，由于”。句意為“他問她既然你見到了光明，你愿意嫁給我嗎？”。答案that6解析結(jié)合語(yǔ)境考查形容詞性物主代詞。此處是指男孩的眼瞼緊閉，故用his較為妥當(dāng)。答案his7解析結(jié)合語(yǔ)境考查冠詞。名詞前設(shè)空答案首先考慮限定詞，結(jié)合題意可知此處應(yīng)填the。thought意為”想法，主意”。答案the8解析結(jié)合語(yǔ)境考查介詞。由語(yǔ)境判斷，女孩的做法使男孩非常傷心，男孩流著淚離開了。in tears“淚流滿面地”。答案in9解析結(jié)合語(yǔ)境考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系代詞which代指前面的先行詞note，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。注意空格前面的逗號(hào)，此處which不可用that替換。答案which10解析結(jié)合語(yǔ)境考查名詞性物主代詞。由前面的“before they are yours”可知，后面也應(yīng)用名詞性物主代詞；此處是男孩留言的內(nèi)容，應(yīng)用第一人稱，所以用mine。答案mine閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (a、b、c和d) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)?！?014贛州市高三年級(jí)適應(yīng)性考試】i grew up with a fat dad450 pounds at his heaviest.every week he would try a new diet，and my family ended up eating whatever strange food he was trying at that moment.after my thirdgrade year，my dad landed a lifechanging job in manhattan.my mom，my little sister and i had to move away from our hometown，chicago，and leave my grandmother and her beautiful food behind.leaving my grandmother was far more frightening than the move to new york city.there would be no more special weekends at my grandmothers house，the only place i can remember feeling happy，safe and nourished (有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的)it was what i desired.in this new city，i felt extremely alone and lost，and i missed my grandmother terribly.my grandmother knew just how i feltand she knew the cure.every week，she would send me a card with a $20 bill，a recipe and a list of what to buy at the market.it kept us bonded，and her recipes filled my body and soul.over the years，i have grown to better understand my fathers struggles with weight and the toll (代價(jià)) it took on him and those who love him.i have come to realize he was driven not by vanity (自負(fù)) or selfishness as much as by a deep pain.and in spite of growing up in such an unhealthy eating environment (or perhaps because of it)，as an adult i found a passion and a career as a nutrition consultant.today，my father weighs 220 pounds and is a vegan (素食者)how he got there is a story i hope to share in the coming weeks.more importantly，food is no longer a barrier that keeps us apart，but a bridge that keep us connected.there is nothing my dad enjoys more than talking with me about dietary theories and his weightloss victories.and now i am the one regularly sending recipe cards to my fathers house，just as my grandmother did for me.1what kind of person was actually the authors father?ahe was a man of vanity and selfishness.bhe didnt like to eat with his family.che was more painful than selfish.dhe forced his family to eat what he liked.2the author desired to go to his grandmothers_.ato see his father bfor tasty food cfor pocket money dto avoid his family3the underlined word “cure” in paragraph 4 is the nearest in meaning to “_”asolution bconcern coperation dsituation4the author became a nutrition consultant mainly because_.ahis father often talked with him about dietary theoriesbhe was determined to change his own daily habitsche wanted to study the recipes his grandmother had given himdhis childhood experiences gave him too deep an impression5what can we learn about the author from the last paragraph?ahe often quarreled with his father about foodbhis father will tell him his story in the following weekscthe most he talks about with his father is nourishmentdhe often sends recipe cards to his grandmother in return語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。作者小時(shí)候，爸爸很胖，每周都需要嘗試一種新的食物來減肥，全家人都不得不與爸爸一起“試吃”，為此作者對(duì)爸爸意見很大。后來隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，作者對(duì)父親也有了更深的理解，在選擇職業(yè)時(shí)也選了營(yíng)養(yǎng)師這份工作。1解析： 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一、二句“over the years.i have come to realize.as much as by a deep pain.”可知，這些年來，作者逐漸理解了父親，意識(shí)到他苦苦地與自己的體重作斗爭(zhēng)，不是虛榮和自私，而是對(duì)于自己的體重感到深深的痛苦。由此可知，c項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與題意相符。答案：c2解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二、三段內(nèi)容可知，作者和家人一起搬到了曼哈頓，離開了祖母還有她做的精致美食，以致作者非常想念祖母，特別渴望去她的家里品嘗美味佳肴。答案：b3解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段畫線詞前后內(nèi)容可知，作者的祖母知道作者心中的想法，每周會(huì)給作者寄20美元，一個(gè)食譜還有一個(gè)購(gòu)物單。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可推知，畫線詞所在句子意思是作者的祖母知道解決的辦法。因此畫線詞的意思與選項(xiàng)中solution的詞義最為接近。答案：a4解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“and in spite of growing up in such an unhealthy eating environment.i found a passion and a career as a nutrition consultant.”可知，盡管在一個(gè)如此不健康的飲食環(huán)境中成長(zhǎng)(也許正是因?yàn)檫@一點(diǎn))，作者長(zhǎng)大后成為了一個(gè)營(yíng)養(yǎng)咨詢師。由此可知，作者童年的經(jīng)歷給他留下了很深的印象，因此，作者后來成為一名營(yíng)養(yǎng)咨詢師。答案：d5解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第四句“there is nothing my dad enjoys more than talking with me about dietary theories and his weightloss victories”可知，作者和父親談?wù)撟疃嗟膽?yīng)該是食品方面的內(nèi)容。答案：c?！緩V東省廣州市2014綜合測(cè)試】no one knows why people dream, but some dreams might be connected to the mental processes that help us learn. in a recent study, scientists found a connection between nap-time (午睡時(shí)間) dreams and better memory in people who were learning a new skill.so perhaps one way to learn something new is to practice, practise, practise-and then sleep on it.“i was surprised by this finding,” robert stickgold, a harvard university scientist who led the study.in the study, 100 college students each spent an hour on a computer, trying to get through a virtual maze (虛擬迷宮). the maze was difficult, and the study participants had to start in a different place each time they tried-making it even more difficult. then, for the first 90 minutes of a five-hour break, half of the participants were required to stay awake while half were told to sleep. participants who stayed awake were asked to describe their thoughts. participants who slept were asked to describe any dream they had.stickgold and his colleagues wanted to know about nrem, or non-rem sleep. rem stands for “rapid eye movement”, which is what happens during rem sleep. this period of sleep often brings strange dreams to a sleeper, although dreams can happen in both kinds of sleep. stickgold wanted to know what people were dreaming about when their eyes werent moving, during nrem sleep. other studies have found a connection between nrem bring activity and learning ability. four of the 50 people who slept said their dreams were about the maze. later, when these four people tried the computer maze again, they were able to complete it faster.stickgold believes the dream itself doesn;t help a person learn-its the other way around. he suspects that such dreams are caused by the brain processes associated with learning.all the maze-dreamers had done the task poorly the first time, which makes stickgold wonder if the nrem dreams show up when a person finds a new task particularly difficult. people who had other dreams, or people didnt sleep, didnt show the same improvement.36. in the first stage of the study, the participants were asked to a. design a maze on computerb. find their way out of a mazec. decide where to begin a mazed. remember a location in a maze37. what happened to the participants during the break? a. half of them were woken up when they started to dream.b. half of them were asked to dram about the maze.c. all of them were asked to describe their thoughts.d. half of them were asked to sleep for 90 minutes.38. what can we learn from the passage? a. everyone will dream about a new skill after learning it.b. stickgold was the first to study dreams and learning.c. during nrem sleep, people usually dont dream.d. unusual dreams often occur during rem sleep.39. in the first stage of the study, the participants were asked to a. design a maze on computerb. find their way out of a mazec. decide where to begin a mazed. remember a location in a maze40. which of the following statement best summarizes the studys conclusion? a. dreams have a role in learning.b. dreams have no basis in reality.c. dreams are important for health.d. dreams are the best way to study.【參考答案】36-40 bddaa【廣東省廣州市2014綜合測(cè)試】the recent publication of autobiographies by two of britains great scientists, biologist richard dawkins and physicist stephen hawking, is a wonderful opportunity to compare and contrast these two remarkable men. surprisingly, they have rather more in common than we think.most striking is the similarity in their backgrounds. they were born in the early 1940s to middle class families-not wealthy but comfortably off, with a strong commitment to academic excellence and public service. both families were keen to send their boys to oxford university-and both succeeded, dawkins studying zoology and hawking physics.neither author has a very positive view of his early university life. hawking describes the attitude at oxford in the 1950s and 1960s as very anti-work, “you were supposed to either be brilliant without effort or fail. hard work was looked down upon by students and we all pretended that nothing was worth making an effort for.” he estimates that he studied for no more than an hour a day as an undergraduate student （本科生）.undergraduate life was somewhat more rewarding for dawkins. like hawking, he wasnt particularly hard-working and never attended his lectures. but he found oxfords system of weekly essay-based lessons with an academic tutor useful, “it was really only the tutorial system that educated me.”for both men, scientific life really got going as postgraduates after 1962. dawkins, who remained at oxford, describes brilliantly the academic competition among the postgraduate students, which he believed helped push him to develop the ideas that formed the basis of his most famous book, the selfish gene. this volume transformed scientific thinking about darwinism evolution.hawking, on the other hand, moved to cambridge university after graduation, where his research into the universe would eventually make him the most famous physicists since albert einstein. he writes movingly about the disease which progressively crippled his entire body, leaving him unable to move and only able to communicate using a computer controlled by his eyes. although communication is slow-he can write only 3 words a minute using the machine-his illness has not affected his mind or his research on space-time and origins of the universe.each book is recommended individually as a personal introduction to an important scientific thinker. read together, they provide a superb background to the academic and social climate of postwar bri