福建省南安六中高考英語語法 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)（一）導(dǎo)學案.doc

動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)(一)注：帶*號的內(nèi)容高職的同學不要求掌握。考綱內(nèi)容課標要求學習重點一般現(xiàn)在時掌握一般現(xiàn)在時的用法，并能在真實語境中正確使用，掌握主動語態(tài)表達被動意義的情況。表示經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。表示客觀事實、普遍真理、格言等。代替一般將來時。一般過去時掌握一般過去時的用法，并能在真實語境中正確使用，掌握主動語態(tài)表達被動意義的情況。表示過去的習慣、過去經(jīng)?；蛞淮涡园l(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。描述過去時間內(nèi)連續(xù)發(fā)生的動作。一般將來時掌握一般將來時的用法。will/shall+動詞原形表示不含主觀因素，單純的將來。be going to do表示按計劃、安排將要做某事或根據(jù)某種跡象預(yù)示著要發(fā)生某事。be to do表示按計劃、約定或按職責、義務(wù)必須做的事情或即將發(fā)生的動作。be about to表示不久之后或即將發(fā)生的動作。命題分析高考對動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的考查主要涉及10種時態(tài)，即：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、現(xiàn)在完成進行時、過去將來時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、將來完成時，考查在具體的語境中對各種時態(tài)的使用。自主復(fù)習檢測1.he often (take) a walk after supper in the park.答案：takes2.i (be not) at home last night.答案：wasnt3.we (go) shopping tomorrow.would you like to go with us?答案：will go課堂學習優(yōu)化 一般現(xiàn)在時1.定義：表示通常性、規(guī)律性、習慣性、真理性的狀態(tài)或者動作（有時間規(guī)律發(fā)生的事件）的一種時間狀態(tài)。2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)s+do/does+.表示經(jīng)常性、習慣性動作和現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征，常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。典例(2013陜西高考)on monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.以練促記1.i often_(play) football after school.2.it seldom_(rain)here.3.he _(go)to school at 6 every morning. 歸納常見的表示頻度的時間狀語有：_表示客觀真理、客觀存在、科學事實、名言警句等。不受時態(tài)限制典例 i learned that the earth goes around the sun when i was in primary school. 以練促記1. time and tide_(wait)for no man.2.summer_(follow)spring. 3.light_(travel)faster than sound .表示主語的特征、性格和能力。典例 although a famous scientists, yuan longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research.以練促記1.he can_(speak) five foreign languages.2.changjiang river_(be) one of the longest rivers in the world. 在時間、條件和讓步狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來動作。典例(2014重慶高考)anything will become boring if you do it repetitively. 以練促記1. if we_(sit)near the front of the bus, well have a better view. 2.if you_(take) the job, they will talk with you in greater details.3.ill tell him the news when he_(come)back. 表示按計劃、時刻表規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動作，但限于少數(shù)動詞。典例the flight takes off at 2:30 every wednesday and friday.歸納限于少數(shù)動詞有：begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等。 以練促記when does the bus start?it_(start) in 10 minutes.一般過去時1.定義：一般過去時表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為；過去主語所具備的能力和性格。2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)s+did+.表示過去某一具體時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。典例 we had a test yesterday and i failed it.以練促記1.they (be)here only a few minutes ago.2.i (come)home just now.3.he (be)late for school again today.4.mr. smith (buy)a new car yesterday.特殊句型1：its time that did/was/were典例(北師大英語選修八課文)as a society,its high time that we took these issues more seriously.以練促記1.its time that you (start) thinking about your future.2.its about time the council (do)something about all the stray dogs in town.特殊句型2：was/were about to do . when .典例i was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.以練促記they were about to eat out when it_(rain).表示過去時間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蛄晳T性的動作或狀態(tài)。典例they never drank wine.以練促記every morning i_(take)a walk when i was in the countryside.有時過去時態(tài)只表示委婉的語氣。典例i wondered if you could help me.以練促記i wish i (know)his name. 注意能這樣有的動詞主要限于want, wonder, think, hope, intend等少數(shù)動詞。表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到的事。典例(2013新課標全國卷)i didnt realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon.以練促記i_(do not)expect to meet you here. 注意表達“原以為/本來認為/原希望”等意義時, know, think, expect等動詞常用一般過去時。一般將來時1.定義：一般將來時表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)砟骋欢螘r間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動作或狀態(tài)。常常和表示將來的時間狀語連用。2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)will/shall+動詞原形shall / will + 動詞原形這種表示動作在現(xiàn)在或目前還未發(fā)生，要在將來的某個時間內(nèi)發(fā)生；它沒有主觀性，是“純粹的將來動作”。表示將來的打算或計劃，有時表示臨時的安排。will有時候表示“意愿”。典例i shall / will not be free tomorrow.以練促記1.he (arrive)here this evening.2.ive forgotten to post the letter for you.well, in that case, i (post) it myself.be going to do典例a) he is going to spend his holidays in london . who is going to speak first? b) it is going to rain soon . is he going to collect any data for us? 歸納這種表示方法主要是說明 a）“說話人的意圖、打算”；b）“某種可能性”。以練促記1. it is going to_(rain), as the clouds are gathering in the sky.2.my sisters going to_(have)a baby this summer. be to do典例she is to play juliet.you are to make the necessary changes. 歸納“be+不定式”：表示命令、安排、傾向或必須、義務(wù)等以練促記翻譯句子，并感受其含義。1.the police surrounded the building and said: “no one is to go out.2.a meeting is to be held at 3：00 oclock this afternoon.be about to 典例the package is about to come unwrapped. 歸納“be about to + 不定式”：表示即將發(fā)生的動作，有“即將”的意思，但不能和具體的時間狀語連用?？梢院筒⒘羞B詞when連用。以練