初中英語各種時態(tài)總結(jié).doc

初中英語各種時態(tài)總結(jié)一、一般現(xiàn)在時1.概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況.2.時間狀語： Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week(day, year, month), on Sundays,3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：動詞 原形 （如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),動詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式）4.否定形式：主語+am/is/are +not+其他; 此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞,則在其前加dont, 如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用doesnt,同時還原行為動詞.5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首；用助動詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,同時,還原行為動詞.6.例句：. It seldom snows here.He is always ready to help others.Action speaks louder than words.二、 一般過去時1.概念：過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為.2.時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動詞；行為動詞 的過去式4.否定形式：主語+was/were +not+其他;在行為動詞前加didnt,同時還原行為動詞.5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動詞do的過去式did 提問,同時還原行為動詞.6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.I didnt know you were so busy.三、 現(xiàn)在進行時1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為.2.時間狀語：Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be +doing +其他4.否定形式：主語+be +not +doing+其他5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首.6.例句： How are you feeling today?He is doing well in his lessons.四、 過去進行時1.概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進行的行為或動作.2.時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語+was/were +doing +其他4.否定形式：主語+was/were + not +doing+其他5.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首.(第一個字母大寫）6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.五、 現(xiàn)在完成時1.概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài).2.時間狀語：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+時間點,for+時間段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has +p.p（過去分詞）+其他4.否定形式：主語+have/has + not +p.p（過去分詞）+其他5.一般疑問句：have或has.6.例句：Ive written an article.The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.六、 過去完成時1.概念：以過去某個時間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即“過去的過去”.2.時間狀語：Before, by the end of last year (term, month), etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+had + p.p（過去分詞）+其他4.否定形式：主語+had + not +p.p（過去分詞）+其他5.一般疑問句：had放于句首.6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+had+p.p（過去分詞）+其他肯定句：主語+ had+p.p（過去分詞）+其他否定句：主語+ had+ not+p.p（過去分詞）+其他一般疑問句：Had+主語+p.p（過去分詞）+其他特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句七、 一般將來時1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事.2.時間狀語：Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+am/is/are +going to + do+其他；主語+will/shall + do+其他4.否定形式：主語+am/is/are not going to do ；主語+will/shall not do+其他5.一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首.6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.It is going to rain.八、 過去將來時1.概念：立足于過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用于賓語從句中.2.時間狀語：The next day (morning, year),the following month(week),etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+was/were +going to + do+其他；主語+would/should + do+其他4.否定形式：主語+was/were/not + going to + do; 主語+would/should + not + do.5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首.6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.I asked who was going there 九、將來完成時1.概念：在將來某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態(tài)2.時間狀語：by the time of; by the end of+時間短語（將來）;by the time+從句（將來）3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be going to/will/shall + have+p.p（過去分詞）+其他4例句:By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.十、現(xiàn)在完成進行時1.概念：表示從過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作.這一動作可能剛剛開始,也可能仍在繼續(xù),并可能延續(xù)到將來.2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has +been +doing+其他3.時間狀語：since+時間點,for+時間段等.4.例子：I have been sitting here for an hour.The children have been watching TV since six oclock.十一、 一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的轉(zhuǎn)換在現(xiàn)在完成時中,延續(xù)性動詞能與表示一段時間的狀語連用,瞬間動詞卻不能.但是,可用別的表達方式：瞬間動詞用于“一段時間 + ago”的一般過去時的句型中；瞬間動詞可改成與之相對應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞及短語,與一段時間連用；瞬間動詞用于“It is + 一段時間 + since + 一般過去時”的句型中,表示“自從以來有時間”的意思,主句一般用it is來代替It has been;瞬間動詞用于“Some time has passed since + 一般過去時”的句型中.請看：A. He joined the League two years ago.B. He has been in the League for two years.C. It is two years since he joined the League.D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.十二、 一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進行時的轉(zhuǎn)換在一般現(xiàn)在時中,at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”,如at work（在工作）, at school（上學(xué)、上課）等.此短語可與進行時態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換.請看：Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.Peter is working, but Mike is playing.編輯本段十三、 現(xiàn)在進行時與一般將來時的轉(zhuǎn)換在現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)中g(shù)o, come, leave, start, arrive等動詞常與表示將來的時間狀語連用表示將要發(fā)生的動作.如：I am coming, Mum! 意為“我就來,媽媽!”請看：The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon.名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化1）child-children foot-feet tooth-teethmouse-mice man-men woman-women注意：與 man 和 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是 -men 和-women.如： an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans；Bowman是姓,其復(fù)數(shù)是the Bowmans.2）單復(fù)同形 如：deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japaneseli,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin但除人民幣元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式.如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters3）集體名詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實為復(fù)數(shù).如： people. police .cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù),不能說 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以說a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名詞,表示國民總稱時,作復(fù)數(shù)用.如： The Chinese are industries and brave. 中國人民是勤勞勇敢的.4）以s結(jié)尾,仍為單數(shù)的名詞,如：a. maths,politics,physics等學(xué)科名詞,為不可數(shù)名詞,是單數(shù).b. news 是不可數(shù)名詞.c. the United States,the United Nations 應(yīng)視為單數(shù).The United Nations was organized in 1945. 聯(lián)合國是1945年組建起來的.d. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名,劇名,報