新概念3冊27課語法分析.doc

1. It形式主語 has been said據(jù)說 that引導真正的主語everyone每個人 lives by selling something靠賣東西過日子. （全文的topic sentence主題句）語法分析It has been said that everyone lives by selling something.據(jù)說每個人都靠出售某種東西來維持生活。第一層It形式主語 has been said謂語 that everyone lives by selling something.主語從句第二層that引主從句 everyone主語 lives謂語 by（通過，靠）selling something方式狀語.2. In the light of = according to = taking into account = in accordance with / base on / in terms of / in proportion as / on the strength of依據(jù), 按照, 就而言,考慮到, 從.的觀點 this statement這種說法, teachers live by selling knowledge知識, philosophers哲學家 by selling wisdom智慧 and priests牧師；（天主教的）神父by selling spiritual comfort精神安慰.語法分析In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort.根據(jù)這種說法，教師靠賣知識為生，哲學家靠賣智慧為生，牧師靠賣精神安慰為生。In the light of this statement方式狀語, teachers主語 live謂語 by selling knowledge方式狀語, philosophers主語 by selling wisdom方式狀語 and連詞 priests主語 by selling spiritual comfort方狀.3. Though引讓步狀從 it形主語 may be possible to可以 measure衡量，估量；權(quán)衡 the value （= worth） of material goods物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品的價值，實際物品的價值，實物的價值 in terms of money以金錢的觀點, it is extremely difficult是極其困難的 to對 estimate = assess估算，評估 the true value of the service這種服務的真正價值 which引導定從 people perform（= do）for us為我們提供的. 語法分析Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us.雖然物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品的價值可以用金錢來衡量，但要估算別人為我們?yōu)樗峁┑姆盏膬r值卻是極其困難的。第一層Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money讓步狀從, it形主 is系詞 extremely狀語 difficult表語 to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us真主語.第二層Though引導讓步狀從 it 形主may be系詞 possible表語 to measure the value of material goods in terms of money真主語第二層which賓語，引定從 people主語 perform謂語 for us狀語.4. There are times有時候 when引導定從（times做先行詞時，定語從句的引導詞必須用when）we would willingly give愿付出，樂意付出，甘愿付出 everything we possess我們擁有的一切， to來 save挽救 our lives, yet引讓步狀從，然而 we might grudge舍不得，吝惜，不情愿，抱怨（后接名詞和動名詞搭配）paying支付給 a surgeon外科大夫 (physician內(nèi)科大夫) a high fee一筆高額費用/小費 for因offering us precisely (=exactly)正好給我們提供了 this service這種服務. 語法分析There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives, yet we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service.有時，我們?yōu)榱送炀壬?，愿意付出我們所占有的一切。但就在外科大夫給我們提供了這種服務后，我們卻可能為所支付的昂貴的費用而抱怨。第一層There are謂語 times主語 when we would willingly give everything we possess（定從） to save our lives定從, yet連詞 we主語 might grudge謂語 paying a surgeon a high fee賓語 for offering us precisely this service原因狀語.第二層when引定從 we主語 would謂語 willingly狀語 give謂語 everything賓語 we possess定從 to save our lives目狀第三層we主語 possess謂語5. The conditions of society社會上的情況 are such = Such are the conditions of society社會上的情況就是如此 that引導同位語從 skills技術(shù) have to be paid for（被動）必須付要費，必須要用金錢去購買的 in the same way照樣，以相同的方式，用相同的方法，同樣地that引定從(that = in which) goods are paid for at a shop在商店里商品是要花錢的. 語法分析The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop. 社會上的情況就是如此，技術(shù)是必須付錢去買的，就像在商店里要花錢買商品一樣。第一層The conditions of society主語 are系詞 such表語 that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop同謂語從句. 第二層that引同從句 skills主 have to be paid for謂語 in the same way方狀 that goods are paid for at a shop定從.第三層that引定從 goods主語 are paid for謂語 at a shop狀語6. Everyone has something to sell后置定語，每個人都有東西可賣.(與Topic sentence: every one lives by selling something首尾呼應)語法分析Everyone has something to sell. 人人都有東西可以出售。Everyone主語 has謂語 something賓語 to sell定語.7. Tramps流浪漢 seem to be似乎是 the only exception唯一例外 to對 this general rule這條普遍規(guī)則. 語法分析Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule.在這條普遍的規(guī)律前面，好像只有流浪漢是個例外。Tramps主語 seem系詞 to be the only exception表語 to this general rule狀語.8. Beggars乞丐 almost幾乎 sell themselves as human beings把自己當作人來賣 to目的是 arouse喚起，激發(fā) the pity of passers-by過路人的憐憫/同情. 目的狀語語法分析Beggars almost sell themselves as human beings to arouse the pity of passers-by.乞丐出售的幾乎是他本人，以引起過路人的憐憫。Beggars主語 almost狀語 sell謂語 themselves賓語 as human beings主補 to arouse the pity of passers-by目狀.9. But real但真正的 tramps are not beggars. 語法分析But real tramps are not beggars. 但真正的流浪并不是乞丐。But轉(zhuǎn)折連詞 real定語 tramps主語 are not 系詞beggars表語.10. They have nothing to sell后置定語，沒有任何可賣的東西 and require nothing from others不需要從別人那獲得任何西. 語法分析They have nothing to sell and require nothing from others. 他們既不出售任何東西，也不需要從別人那兒得到任何東西They主語 have謂 nothing賓語 to sell后置定與 and連詞 require謂 nothing賓語 from others狀語.11. In (in the course of ) seeking independence在尋找獨立自由的過程中, 表伴隨的狀態(tài)，they do not sacrifice犧牲 their human dignity人的尊嚴. 語法分析In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity.在追求獨立自由的同時，他們并不犧牲為人的尊嚴。In seeking independence狀語, they主語 do not sacrifice謂語 their human dignity賓語.12. A tramp may也許 ask you for money（ask sb for sth向人索要某物）向你要錢, but he will never從來不會 ask you to feel sorry for him（feel sympathy for him）讓你覺得他可憐（ask sb to do sth要求某人做某事）.語法分析A tramp may ask you for money, but he will never ask you to feel sorry for him.流浪漢可能會向你討錢，但他從來不要你可憐他。A tramp主語 may ask謂語 you賓語 for money狀語, but連詞 he主語 will謂語 never狀語 ask謂語 you賓語 to feel sorry補語 for him狀語.13. He has deliberately（=on purpose）故意地，刻意，存心，蓄意，甘愿 chosen to lead the life選擇過這種生活 he leads定從，他所過的 and is fully (= completely = perfectly) aware of （= become aware of = be conscious of / be sensible of）完全清楚/明白 the consequences(不良)種種后果，惡果.語法分析He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences他是故意在選擇過那種生活的，并完全清楚以這種方式生活的后果。第一層He主語 has謂語 deliberately狀語 chosen謂語 to lead the life賓語 he leads定從 and連詞 is fully aware of謂語 the consequences賓語第二層he主語 leads14. He may可能，也許 never be sure從來沒有把握 where the next meal is coming from賓語從句，下一頓飯從哪來，下一頓飯在哪里/有無著落, but he is free from = without免于，不受.的影響 the thousands of anxieties千萬樁愁事，數(shù)不清的憂慮/掛念 which引定從afflict other people折磨別人的. 語法分析He may never be sure where the next meal is coming from, but he is free from the thousands of anxieties which afflict other people.他可能從不知道下頓飯有無著落，但他不像有人那樣被千萬樁愁事所折磨。第一層He主語 may系詞 never狀語 be系詞 sure表語 where the next meal is coming from賓從, but連詞 he主語 is系詞 free表語 from the thousands of anxieties狀語 which afflict other people定從.第二層where引賓從 the next定語 meal主語 is coming from謂語第二層which主語，引定從 afflict謂語 other people賓語15. His few material possessions他的不多的幾件財物，他少量的行囊 make it形式賓語possible for him to使他有可能（make it possible for sb to do sth）move from place to place with ease =easily真賓語，輕松自如地四處奔走.語法分析His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease他幾乎沒有什么財產(chǎn)，這使他能夠輕松自如地在各地奔波。His few material定語 possessions主語 make謂語 it形賓 possible賓補 for him狀語 to move from place to place真實賓語 with ease狀語16. By由于having to sleep in the open（By doing通過做某事）介詞短語，作原因狀語，由于被迫睡在露天/露宿在外, he gets far closer to（far = much，so）更接近 the world of nature大自然 than most of us ever do（do代替get close to the world of nature）. 語法分析By having to sleep in the open, he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever do.由于被迫在露天睡覺，他比我們中許多人都離大自然近得多。第一層By having to sleep in the open原因狀語, he主語 gets系詞 far狀語 closer表語 to the world of nature狀語 than most of us ever do狀從.第二層than引狀從 most of us主語 ever狀語 do謂語.17. He may hunt打獵, beg乞討, or steal occasionally偶爾偷竊 to以，來 keep himself alive = survive維持生存，使自己幸存下來，讓自己活下來; he may even他甚至可能，in times of real need在真正需要的時候, do a little work干點點兒活; but he will never sacrifice his freedom決不會犧牲他的自由. （He may do this may do thatbut he will never do 排比句）語法分析He may hunt, beg, or steal occasionally to keep himself alive; he may even in times of real need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom.為了生存，他可能會去打獵、乞討，偶爾偷上一兩回；確實需要的時候，他甚至可能干一點兒活，但他決不會犧牲自由。He主語 may hunt謂語, beg謂語, or連詞 steal謂語 occasionally狀語 to keep himself alive目狀; he主語 may謂語 even狀語 in times of real need狀語, do謂語 a little work賓語; but連詞 he主語 will謂語 never狀語 sacrifice謂語 his freedom賓語.18. We often speak of tramps with contempt輕蔑地說起流浪漢and put them in the same class as beggars把