15-16-1考研英語(yǔ)模擬卷1(段落匹配+詢(xún)問(wèn)信+家庭關(guān)系).doc

13-14-1考研英語(yǔ)模擬卷1Section Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) What can be said of the normal process of aging, from a linguistic point of view? In general _1_ , there is a clear and _2_ relationship: no one would have much difficulty _3_ a baby, a young child, a teenager, a middle-aged person, or a very old person from a tape recording. With children, it is possible for _4_ in language development, and people _5_ in child care, to make very detailed _6_ about how language correlates with age in the early years. Little is known about the patterns of _7_ change that affect older people. It is plain that our voice quality, vocabulary, and style _8_ as we grow older, but research into the nature of these changes is in its earliest stages. _9_ , a certain amount of information is known about the production and _10_ of spoken language by very old people, _11_ regarding the phonetic changes that take place. Speech is _12_ to be affected by reductions in the _13_ of the vocal organs. The muscles of the chest _14_ , the lungs become less elastic, the ribs less mobile: _15_ , respiratory efficiency at age 75 is only about half that at age 30, and this has _16_ for the ability to speak loudly, rhythmically, and with good tone. In addition, speech is affected by poorer movement of the soft palate and changes in the _17_ skeleton, especially around the mouth and jaw. There are other, more general signs of age. Speech rate slows, and fluency may be more inconsistent. Hearing _18_ , especially after the early fifties. Weakening _19_ of memory and attention may affect the ability to comprehend complex speech patterns. But it is not all bad news: vocabulary awareness may continue to grow, as may stylist ability skills in narration, for example. And grammatical ability seems to be _20_ affected. 1. A speech B terms C ways D cases 2. A obscure B unmistakable C unacceptable D backward 3. A identifying B perceiving C discerning D disclosing 4. A doctors B teachers C lawyers D specialists 5. A prominent B competent C experienced D distinguished 6. A decisions B determination C judgments D predictions 7. A psychological B social C linguistic D physical 8. A vary B deviate C depart D alter 9. A However B Therefore C Moreover D Otherwise 10. A edition B appreciation C comprehension D distribution 11. A approximately B especially C frankly D fairly 12. A able B similar C used D likely 13. A effect B accuracy C efficiency D proficiency 14. A weaken B increase C cease D fracture 15. A for example B as a result C in turn D in addition 16. A subsequences B disadvantages C consequences D advantages 17. A audio B visual C vocal D facial 18. A damages B decays C deteriorates D spoils 19. A faculties B departments C patterns D authorities 20. A much B little C clearly D often Section Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts .Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text One To work for mere survival is desperate. To work for a better life for ones children and grandchildren lends the labor a fierce dignity. That dignity, an unconquerably hopeful energy and ambition driving, persisting like a life force is the American quality that many find missing now. The work ethic is not dead, but it is weaker now. The psychology of work is much changed in American. Today elaborate financial cushions unemployment insurance, union benefits, welfare payments, food stamps and so on have made it less disastrous to be out of a job for a while. Work is still a profoundly respectable thing in America. Most Americans suffer a sense of loss, of diminution, even of worthlessness if they are thrown out on the street. But the blow seldom carries the life-and-death implications it once had, the sense of personal ruin. Besides, the wild and notorious behavior of the economy takes a certain amount of personal shame out of joblessness; if Ford closes down a plant in New Jersey and thrown 3,700 workers into the unemployment lines, the guilt falls less on individuals than on Japanese import or American car design or an overpriced OPEC. Because todays workers are better educated than those in the past, their expectations are higher. Many younger Americans have rearranged their ideas about what they want to get out of life. While their fathers and grandfathers concentrated hard upon plow and drill press and pressure gauge, some younger workers now ask previously unimaginable questions about the point of knocking themselves out. For the first time in the history of the world, masses of people in industrially advanced countries no longer have to focus their minds upon work as the central concern of their existence. Work, however, is still the complicated and crucial core of most lives, the occupation blended inseparably with the identity; Freud said that the successful psyche is one capable of love and of work. Work is the most thorough and profound organizing principle in American life. If mobility has weakened old blood ties, our co-workers often form our new family, our tribe, our social world; we become almost citizens of our companies, living under the protection of salaries, pensions and health insurance. Sociologist Robert Schrank believes that people like jobs mainly because they need other people; they need to gossip with them, to hang out with them, to chat with them. The work place performs the function of community. Unless it is dishonest or destructive, work is essentially honorable in ways that are rarely understood as they once were. Work is the way that we tend the world, the way that people connect. It is the most vigorous, vivid sign of life in individuals and in civilizations. 21. The author points out that many Americans _. A are driven to work by desperate motives B pursue dignity by working for their children C work for existence as energetically as possible D scrap the noble character of working for offspring 22. The change in the psychology of work is mainly brought about by _. A the greater implausibility of work implications B the better maintenance by welfare provision C the deeper interference of foreign firms D the weaker threats from unemployment 23. Nowadays some young workers question _. A the meaning of getting ill for overwork B the purpose performing tiresome jobs C the loss of being laid off the boss D the price paid for giving up their work 24. The author cites Freud to emphasize _. A the intricacy and decisiveness of working B the profundity of work principle for citizens C the indivisibility of dignity and work in society D the indispensability of work to human relationship 25. Work deserves high regard provided that _. A it is generally destructive in nature B it signifies its full implications C it expresses the laborer in clear ways D it thrusts and activate civilization Text Two If you wanted to question whether global warming is indeed upon us, last week was not the time to do it. Two weeks before the official beginning of summer, a heat wave baked the eastern third of the U.S. and Canada, driving temperatures high into the 90s and even 100s. At the same time, a flurry of scientific papers was released that seemed to explain all the late-spring suffering. In one study, French researchers reported that heat-trapping greenhouse gases are at their highest levels in 420,000 years. In another, U.S. scientists found that 57 species of butterfly may be altering their migratory patterns in response to changing heat patterns. In light of all this, a sweltering public must have been convinced at last that its time to do something to cool off the overheated planet, right? Wrong. Even as the temperature was climbing, a new survey by the American Geophysical Union found that Americans are less concerned than ever about combatting global warming. “The more we talk about warming,” says the studys director, John Immerwahr, “the (more the) publics concern goes down.” Such an environmental disconnect may not be much of a mystery. Environmentalists complain that over the past two years industry groups have launched a coordinated advertising campaign to torpedo the 1997 Kyoto treaty, which requires industrial nations to reduce greenhouse emissions. More than $13 million has been spent on ads to block ratification of the treaty by the U.S. Senate. “The purpose of the ads was to convince most Americans that there isnt a problem or that its too expensive to fix,” says National Environmental Trust spokesman Peter Kelly. Environmentalists also criticize President Clinton for what they believe is his failure to press the issue. Only last week, Clinton moved for Kyoto treaty changes that environmental groups see as industry-pleasing loopholes. Says Daniel Weiss, the Sierra Clubs political director: “Timid leaders communicate hopelessness.” And hopelessness breeds indifference. If such popular so-whating persists, Immerwahr warns, the public may begin grasping at phony solutions to global warming. At the end of last week, some people took comfort from the report of a vast haze of pollutants that collects over the Indian Ocean in the winter, but that researchers only recently studied Filthy as the cloud is, it does deflect solar radiation, and that could lead to cooling. But scientists warn that we cannot simply pollute our way out of global warming. The soot drops from the hazy atmosphere in weeks, whereas greenhouse gases remain for centuries. The way out of this gridlock, environmentalists say, is to show its possible to reduce greenhouse gases without sinking the economy. Solutions include cleaner cars and better wind- and solar-power technologies. Says Greg Wetstone, program director for the Natural Resources Defense Council: “When these kinds of options become available, people will feel less hopeless.” Of course, its also possible that only when people feel less hopeless will they press their leaders to make the solutions available. 26. According to the author, global warming is _. A felt only in America and Canada B not as serious as it seems C causing a lot of trouble D what accounts for the high level of greenhouse gases 27. Speaking of global warming, American public is _. A concerned B indifferent C worried D frightened 28. The publics reaction to global warming is mainly a result of _. A their disbelief of the existence of such problem B American Senates disapproval of Kyoto treaty C the high cost of fixing the problem D the advertising campaign of industrial groups 29. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A Environmentalists urge President Clinton administration to press the issue. B Kyoto treaty aims at curbing the global warming problem. C American government is partly responsible for the publics attitude toward global warming. D Industrial groups do not care about global warming. 30. It can be inferred from the passage that _. A environmentalists support the idea of solving global warming through pollution B the poor leadership of American President has produced a very bad influence C American economy will suffer if global warming is curbed D people have no confidence in solving problem of global warming Text Three Technology is the creation of new products and processes intended to improve our working efficiency, our chances for survival, our comfort level, and our quality of life. The goal of science is to develop widely accepted knowledge or ideas, which are intangible; by contrast, technology is concerned primarily with the development of substantial things. In many cases, technology develops from known scientific laws and theories. Scientists invented the laser, for example, by applying knowledge about the internal structure of atoms. Applied scientific knowledge about chemistry and electronics has given us nylon, pesticides, washing powder, intelligent computers, mobile phones, digital cameras, pollution control devices, and countless other products. Applications of theories in nuclear physics led to nuclear bombs and nuclear power plants. Many technologies arise by way of trial and error, before anyone understands the underlying scientific principles. For example, aspirin, extracted from the bark of a tropical willow tree, relieved pain and fever long before anyone found out how it did so. Similarly, photography was invented by people who had no idea about its chemistry, and farmers crossbred new strains (breeds) of crops and livestock long before biologists understood the principles of genetics. In fact, much of science is an attempt to understand and explain why various technologies work. Although some forms of technology use scientific knowledge, nearly all science needs technology. Scientists use machines and instruments to collect and analyze data, to perform experiments, and to make complex computations. Scientists would be hard-pressed to get along without such things as paper, pencils, books, test tubes, microscopes, refrigerators, computers, copiers and telephones all products of technology. Although at their cores science and technology share similar processes (both are essentially trial and error at heart), they usually differ in the way the ideas and information they produce are shareD Many of the results of scientific research are published and distributed freely to be tested, challenged, verified, or modified The process strengthens the validity of scientific knowledge and helps expose cheaters. In contrast, many technological discoveries are kept secret until the new process or product is patenteD Information concerning much valuable technology is never published, but is instead learned “on the job” by industrial workers and passed informally among selected individuals only. The basis of other technology gets published in journals and enjoys the same kind of public distribution and peer review as science. 31. The word “intangible” in Par. 1 most probably means _. A insensible B inconceivable C immaterial D impractical 32. It can be inferred from Par.2 that the advancement of our living generally results from _. A sheer technological creations B widely approved knowledge C constant scientific research D pure and applied sciences 33. The case of Aspirin is cited to show that _. A It can lessen some symptoms caused by disease B It was hard to find out how it worked C people tried to understand why technologies work D the implicit science of technologies is quite clear 34. One of the joint features of science and technology lies in _. A their mutual independence B their originating processes C their strengthened validity D their common approaches 35. This passage is mainly about _. A the different connotations of science and technology B the origination of technologies C the relation underlying science and technology D process of science development Text Four In 1575-over 400 years ago the French scholar Louis Le Roy published a leaned book in which he voiced despair over the changes caused by the social and technological innovations of his time, what we now call the Renaissance. We also feel that our times are out of joint; we even have reason to believe that our descendants will be worse off than we are. The earth will soon be overcrowded and its resources exhausted Pollution will ruin the environment, upset the climate, damage human health. The gap in living standards between the rich and the poor will widen and lead the angry, hungry people of the world to acts of desperation including the use of nuclear weapons as blackmail. Such are the inevitable consequences of population and technological growth if present trends continue. The future is never a projection of the past. Animals probably have no chance to escape from the tyranny of biological evolution, but human beings are blessed with the freedom of social evolution. For us, trend is not destiny (fate). The escape from existing trends is now facilitated by the fact that societies anticipate future dangers and take preventive steps against expected changes. Despite the widespread belief that the world has become too complex for comprehension by the human brain, modern societies have often responded effectively to critical situations. The decrease in birth rates, the partial prohibition of pesticides and the rethinking of technologies of r the production and use of energy are but a few examples illustrating a sudden reversal of trends caused not by political upsets or scientific breakthroughs, but by public awareness of consequences. Even more striking are the situations in which social attitudes concerning future difficulties undergo rapid changes before the problems have come to pass witness the heated arguments about the problems of behavior control and of genetic engineering even though there is as yet no proof that effective methods can be developed to manipulate behavior and genes on a population scale. One of the characteristics of our times i