新托福閱讀考試指代題做題技巧-智課教育旗下智課教育.pdf

智 課 網(wǎng) 托 福 備 考 資 料 新托福閱讀考試指代題做題技巧 智課教育旗下智課教 育 現(xiàn)行的新托福考試依然重視對閱讀能力的考查 并且托?？荚嚥粌H 有單獨(dú)的新托福閱讀理解測試 還從各類型題全方位的考查考生的閱讀 理解能力 下面給大家推薦一篇關(guān)于指代題的解析過程 一 問題形式 被考的文章中有一個(gè)詞或詞組被加亮 這個(gè)詞通常是一個(gè)代詞或名 詞 指代題的形式如下 The word or phrase X in the passage refers to 二 解題步驟 1 根據(jù)解題技巧確定答案 2 代入原文驗(yàn)證 看語義 邏輯和語法上是否通順 三 基本原則 1 就近指代 所謂就近指代 就是被指代對象通常在指代詞前不遠(yuǎn)處 如本句或 上一句中 有時(shí)也出現(xiàn)在更前面的一句中 例如 Large wind farms might also interfere with the flight patterns of migratory birds in certain areas and they have killed large birds of prey especially hawks falcons and eagles that prefer to hunt along the same ridge lines that are ideal for wind turbines The killing of birds of prey by wind turbines has pitted environmentalists who champion wildlife protection against environmentalists who promote renewable wind energy Researchers are evaluating how serious this problem is and hope to find ways to eliminate or sharply reduce this problem The phrase this problem in the passage refers to A interference with the flight patterns of migrating birds in certain areas B building ridge lines that are ideal for wind turbines C the killing of birds of prey by wind turbines D meeting the demands of environmentalists who promote renewable wind energy 本題涉及的是一個(gè)詞組this problem 尋找這一詞組的指代對象時(shí)只 需向上搜索就行 根據(jù)就近原則 前一句中的主語the killing of birds of prey by wind turbines可以初步確定為答案 將其代入原文 符合 語義和邏輯 因此第三個(gè)選項(xiàng)為正確答案 第一個(gè)選項(xiàng)和第三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都 和this problem相距較遠(yuǎn) 而且代入時(shí)語義和邏輯上不通 因此為干擾選項(xiàng) 2 數(shù)格一致 被指代對象通常與指代詞在數(shù) 如單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù) 和格 主格或賓格 兩方 面相同 如單數(shù)代詞one指代單數(shù)名詞 復(fù)數(shù)代詞they指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞 四 主要思路 1 主從復(fù)合句中的指代 在主從復(fù)合句中 第二句的代詞主語經(jīng)常指代第一句的名詞主語 例如 The fins are stiff smooth and narrow qualities that also help cut drag When not in use the fins are tucked into special grooves or depressions so that they lie flush with the body and do not break up its smooth contours The word they in the passage refers to A qualities B fins C grooves D depressions 在這一例子中 從句so that they 中的代詞主語they指代主句的名詞主語the fins 因此第二個(gè)選項(xiàng)為正確答案 如果主從復(fù)合句中一個(gè)句子 可以是主句 也可以是從句 使用被動(dòng) 語態(tài) 包含被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中的主語常指代另一句中的賓語 例如 Similarly a plant or animal cannot squander all its energy on growing a big body if none would be left over for reproduction for this is the surest way to extinction The word none in the passage refers to A food B plant or animal C energy D big body 在本例中 if引導(dǎo)的從句使用了被動(dòng)語態(tài) 代詞主語none指代前面 主句中的賓語energy 因此 第三個(gè)選項(xiàng)為正確答案 2 并列動(dòng)詞中的指代 如果一個(gè)句中有兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞 第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞的代詞賓語經(jīng)常指代 前一個(gè)動(dòng)詞后的名詞賓語 例如 Artists are recognizing the distinction between public and private spaces and taking that into account when executing their public commissions The word that in line 27 refers to A contemporary art B opportunity C audience D distinction 句中有兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞recognizing和 taking into account 其中recognizing的賓語是distinction 而taking 的賓語是 that 根據(jù)上述技巧 that指代distinction 因此 D 為正確答案 3 平行結(jié)構(gòu)中的指代 平行結(jié)構(gòu)主要包括some most many such each others not only but also the former the latter等 在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中 平行結(jié)構(gòu) 兩個(gè)部分的兩個(gè)代詞經(jīng)常指代同一對象 前一句中的名詞主語 例如 In Southwest France in the 1940s playing children discovered Lascaux Grotto a series of narrow cave chambers that contain huge prehistoric paintings of animals Many of these beasts are as large as 16 feet almost 5 meters Some follow each other in solemn parades but others swirl about sideways and upside down The word others in the passage refers to A chambers B paintings C beasts D parades 原文包含平行結(jié)構(gòu)some others 它們都指代前一句中的名詞主 語beasts 因此第三個(gè)選項(xiàng)為正確答案 4 所有格的指代 所有格代詞經(jīng)常指代其前面與其最接近的名詞 例如 Folk made objects give way to their popular equivalent usually because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced is easier or time saving to use or lends more prestige to the owner The word their in line 1 refers to A folk B nations C countries D objects 根據(jù)所有格指代的解題技巧 their指代前面位置最近的名詞object s 因此 D 為正確答案 5 指代的接力棒現(xiàn)象 這一現(xiàn)象是指被考的代詞對應(yīng)前面一個(gè)相同的代詞 而前面的代詞 指代更前一句中的名詞 例如 While such interviews can be highly entertaining they are not necessarily an accurate indication of public opinion First they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a certain location The word they in line 8 refers to A North Americans B news shows C interviews D opinions 在這一例子中 第二句中的代詞they reflect the opinions 對應(yīng)第一句中的they are not 而第一個(gè)they指代前面從 句中的名詞主語interviews 那么第二個(gè)they也指代interviews 因此 C