北京成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試應(yīng)對(duì)技巧--語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu).doc

第一章 語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)第一節(jié) 考試大綱對(duì)詞語(yǔ)用法和語(yǔ)法機(jī)構(gòu)的要求 見考試內(nèi)容部分。第二節(jié) 概述詞語(yǔ)用法和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ)。英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)重在積累，特別是詞匯的掌握。三級(jí)考試對(duì)詞匯的考查知識(shí)點(diǎn)比較零散，有鑒于此，我們安通學(xué)校專門在上課前為學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備了內(nèi)部精編的詞匯手冊(cè)，按照記憶群組同義辨析的順序編排，希望考生能夠堅(jiān)持每天閱讀、記憶、掌握。日積月累，單詞量一定大有提高。語(yǔ)法是三級(jí)英語(yǔ)統(tǒng)考的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)。和詞匯一樣，它體現(xiàn)在所有五個(gè)題型中，但考點(diǎn)相對(duì)集中，脈絡(luò)也比較清晰。本次按照謂語(yǔ)及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，以及各種句法重新對(duì)語(yǔ)法部分做了梳理。英語(yǔ)中共有四種基本句型，即簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句、并列復(fù)合句。簡(jiǎn)單句是指包括含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，它大體分為五類：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞（S+V）；主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)（S+V+P）；主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)（S+V+O）；主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)（S+V+O.I+O.D）；主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（S+V+O+C）。并列句則是由兩個(gè)或者更多獨(dú)立的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)或簡(jiǎn)單句并列在一起；復(fù)合句是指一個(gè)句子中由一個(gè)或多個(gè)從句擔(dān)任成分。并列復(fù)合句則是由并列句和復(fù)合句組合起來(lái)的句子，即包含兩個(gè)或者兩個(gè)以上的獨(dú)立的、彼此地位相當(dāng)?shù)膹木?。從以上句型劃分中我們可以看到謂語(yǔ)的重要性，事實(shí)上謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞正是英語(yǔ)句子的核心所在，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也是歷年考試的重點(diǎn)。本章我們將以下幾個(gè)方面強(qiáng)化語(yǔ)法知識(shí)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、各種從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、反意疑問句。第三節(jié) 語(yǔ)法知識(shí)與真題解析一、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在這部分我們將對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞以及主謂一致這些知識(shí)點(diǎn)分別進(jìn)行詳細(xì)講解。（一）動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)指的是作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種形式。英語(yǔ)中共16種動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在：1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、4現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去：5一般過(guò)去時(shí)、6過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、7過(guò)去完成時(shí)、8過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)：9一般將來(lái)時(shí)、10將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)、11將來(lái)完成時(shí)、12將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)：13一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、14過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)、15過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)、16過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)這部分?？贾R(shí)點(diǎn)有：（1） 條件、時(shí)間、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的“主將從現(xiàn)”。（2） 一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別。（3） 將來(lái)完成時(shí)。1、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（1） 表示經(jīng)常如發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)：常和always，usually，often，sometimes，every day，every week等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例：He goes to work every day。他每天去上班。（2） 表示普遍的真理。由于是眾所周知的客觀事實(shí)，所以一般不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例：The earth is round. 地球是圓的。（3） 有些表示心理狀態(tài)或感情的動(dòng)詞往往用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例：I dont think you are right. 我認(rèn)為你錯(cuò)了。（4） 在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”的原則。常用的連詞有as soon as，when，until，if，unless。我們?cè)诖艘萌勒骖}。例1When are you going to visit your uncle in Chicago? As soon as _ _ our work for tomorrow.A.were complete B. wed complete C. well complete D. we complete答案【D】（2003年11月34題）例2 They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they _ their exams.A.have finished B.finsh C.finished D.was finishing答案【B】（1996年22題）例3 When the mixture _ ，it will give off a powerful force.A.will heat B.will be heated C.is heated D.has heated答案【C】（1992年5題）2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（1）表示此時(shí)此刻（說(shuō)話時(shí)）正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例：The teacher is talking with his students.老師正在與學(xué)生們談話。（2）表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例：I am attending a conference in New York. 我正在紐約參加一個(gè)會(huì)議。3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（1） 表示動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束（常和just，now，already，yet等詞連用）；或表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果（一般不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）例1 Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明剛剛把燈關(guān)上。（說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了）例2 I has lost my pen. 我把筆丟了。（說(shuō)明過(guò)去某時(shí)丟的，現(xiàn)在我還沒有找到這支筆）（2） 表示過(guò)去某時(shí)開始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且可能會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下午（常與由since 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或從句，或由for引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)連用）。例1 He has _ the army for ten years and is now an officer. 他入伍10年，現(xiàn)為軍官。（現(xiàn)在還在軍中）A.gone into B.joined in C.been in D.come into【答案】C（1995年49題）例2 Theyve known each other since childhood.他們從小認(rèn)識(shí)。（現(xiàn)在還繼續(xù)來(lái)往）（3） 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和it is + 時(shí)間 + since. （過(guò)去的）英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞不能延續(xù)，因?yàn)椴荒芎捅硎狙永m(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用（如for ten years）例：It is ten years since he left home and joined the army.他離鄉(xiāng)入伍已10年。對(duì)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表達(dá)完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)常用it is+時(shí)間+since. 的句型代替，從句用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。（4） have （has） been to和have （has） gone to的區(qū)別：have （has） been to：去過(guò)某地（表示某人的一種經(jīng)歷），可以和once，twice，often，never，ever連用。have （has） gone to：去某地了（表示某人已經(jīng)離開本地，在去某地的路途上或已在某地，所以一般來(lái)說(shuō)此句只用于第三人稱），此句型不能與上述時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例1 He has gone to America. 他已經(jīng)去了美國(guó)。（現(xiàn)在不在本地）例2 He has been to America twice. 他（曾經(jīng)）去過(guò)美國(guó)兩次。4、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作一般會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去，或是到說(shuō)話時(shí)結(jié)束，但是強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話時(shí)為止一直在做的動(dòng)作。例1 I _ on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.A.was knocking B.am knocking C.knocking D.have been knocking【答案】D （1998年49題） now 一次表示敲門動(dòng)作持續(xù)進(jìn)行一直到現(xiàn)在例2 Since he left the university， he _ in an accounting company.A.has been working B.had worked C.had been working D.have been knocking【答案】A （2006年4月16題）表示自大學(xué)畢業(yè)起一直在會(huì)計(jì)公司工作。1、 一般過(guò)去時(shí)（1）表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如just now，last year，when I was 18 years old等。例：Youve already missed too many classes this term.You _ two classes just last week.A.missed B.would miss C.had missed D.have missed【答案】A （1995年59題）（2）used to do sth.過(guò)去常常做例：I used to take a walk in the morning.我過(guò)去是在早晨散步。（意味著現(xiàn)在不在早晨散步了）注意：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：一般過(guò)去時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或存在過(guò)的狀態(tài)。這種動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與現(xiàn)在沒有任何聯(lián)系。它只是表示過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)（或已完成），過(guò)去存在過(guò)。句中往往有明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：just now，last year，when I was 18 years old等?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則是由現(xiàn)在回顧過(guò)去的一種狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“是否曾經(jīng)有過(guò)怎么一回事，該事完成后一流下來(lái)的影響或結(jié)果”。絕對(duì)不能使用指定過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。常與下列副詞連用：aleady，recently，yet，before，just，ever，never，since，so far，in （over，during） the past few years 等。上面舉的例子就能很好地體現(xiàn)這一區(qū)別。2、 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)（1） 表示在過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常需用表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或通過(guò)上下文萊判斷時(shí)間。例子：He was doing his homework form seven to nine last night.昨天晚上7點(diǎn)到9點(diǎn)他正在做作業(yè)。（2） when和while的用法區(qū)別：when 表示一定特定時(shí)間點(diǎn)，其所引導(dǎo)的句子用過(guò)去時(shí)，while表示持續(xù)的一段時(shí)間，其所引導(dǎo)的句子用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。例1 I fell and hurt muself while I _ tennis. A.was playing B.am playing C.play D.played【答案】A（1983年43題）例2 When you _ this over with her，you should not see her any more.A.talk B.talked C.will talk D.talking【答案】B（1999年35題）例2 One of the guards _ when the general came in，which made him very angry.A.has slept B.were sleeping C.slept D.was sleeping【答案】D（1996年23題）（3） 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的作用。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。同樣過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)間看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例：He went to see Xiao Li. He was leaving early the next morning. 他去看小李。他第二天一早就要離開此地了。3、 過(guò)去完成時(shí)（1） 表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作（即過(guò)去的過(guò)去）。這個(gè)過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間可用by，before等介詞或連詞引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)從句來(lái)表示。例1 When I went to visit Mrs. Smith last week，I was told she _ two days before.A.has left B.was leaving C.would leave D.had left【答案】D（2003年11月40題）例2 About the sixth century A.D. when few Europeans could read，the Chinese _ paper.A.inented B.had inwented C.have inented D.had been invented【答案】B（1997年35題）（2） 表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開始，一直持續(xù)到另一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。例：The chemistry class _ for live minutes when we hurried there.A.had been on B.was on C.has been on D.would be on【答案】A（1995年24題）（3） 在含有before，after，as soon as 等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，由于連詞本身可以明確表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序，因此主句和從句都可以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示，而不用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例：I called him as soon as I arrived. 我剛一到就給他打電話。（4）過(guò)去完成時(shí)常用在 no sooner than ，hardly/scarcely/barelywhen，“一就”句型之中，句子倒裝。例1 No sooner had we sat down _ we found it was time to go. A.than B.when C.as D.while例2 Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out. 他剛打開門，蠟燭就被一陣風(fēng)催滅了。注意：一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：兩者都表示的動(dòng)作，但一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示相當(dāng)于現(xiàn)在的過(guò)去時(shí)間，而過(guò)去完成時(shí)則表示相當(dāng)于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻的過(guò)去，即過(guò)去的過(guò)去。過(guò)去曾經(jīng)做過(guò)的事，應(yīng)該用過(guò)去時(shí)。過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般表示兩個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作的一先一后。過(guò)去完成時(shí)單獨(dú)使用時(shí)要用by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示“到時(shí)候?yàn)橹埂?，如：I finished the work yesterday.They had fulfilled their task by the end of last year.4、 一般將來(lái)時(shí)（1） will（shall）+ 原形動(dòng)詞：表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)例：He will come and help you. 他回來(lái)幫助你的。（2） be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形：表示馬上就要發(fā)生的事情或打算好要做的事。例：Are you going to attend the lecture？ 你打算去聽這個(gè)講座嗎？（3） be to + 動(dòng)詞原形：表示安排或計(jì)劃好了的動(dòng)作。例：The Five-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day. 五環(huán)路將在國(guó)慶節(jié)前通車。（4）be about to + 動(dòng)詞原形：表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例：The lecture is about to begin. 講座即將開始。（5）某些表示開始、終結(jié)、往來(lái)行動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如：go，come，start，arrive，leave等，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示將來(lái)。例1 We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我們明天動(dòng)身去北京例2 The foreign guests are arriving in Shnghai tonight. 9、將來(lái)完成時(shí)表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間以前完成的動(dòng)作。這是近年來(lái)考試的重點(diǎn)。其句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)就是will have hone. 我們下面通過(guò)幾道真題來(lái)講解這一語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)。例1 By next year he _ in New York for live years.A.has worked B.has been working C.works D.will have worked【答案】D （2004年11月30題）本劇的意思是：到明年為止，他在紐約已經(jīng)工作了5年了。補(bǔ)充：如果句子中由by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，句子需要用完成時(shí)；by后跟的是將來(lái)的時(shí)間，句子需要用將來(lái)完成時(shí)，表示將來(lái)某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，如By next Friday，he will have studied here for three years.到下周五，他在這里學(xué)習(xí)就要滿3年了。例2 By the end of next year they _ together for twenty years.A.will have worked B.had worked C.would work D.have worked【答案】A （2001年48題） 本句的意思是：到明年年底為止，他們已經(jīng)一起工作了20年。例3 I _ writing the article by the time you get back.A.shall finish B.must have finished C.have finished D.shall have finsihed【答案】D（2000年24題）本句的意思是：到你回來(lái)的時(shí)候，我會(huì)完成這篇論文。10、將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)這一語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)在最近的考試中也有所考查。句型結(jié)構(gòu)為will have been doing。例：By the time you arrive this evening， _ for two hours.A.I will study B.I will have been studied C.I had studied D.I will have been studying【答案】D（2004年11月41題）本句的意思是：到今晚你來(lái)的時(shí)候，我就已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)配套練習(xí)1. Mary _ in the garden when it began to rain. A.was walking B.walked C.walking D.had waked 2. English _in a new way at my college in the past few years.A.has been teaching B.was being taught C.has been taught D.has been taught3. Smith is to study medicine as soon as be _ military service.A.will finish B has finished C finish D would finish4. Please be sure to telephone me the next time you _ .A.will come B.would come C.shall come D.come5. When I got to the top of the mountain ，the sun _.A.shone B.shines C.has shone D.was shining6. Return the book immediately to the library as soon as you _ with it.A.finish B.are finished C.have finished D.are finishing7. How are you feeling? I have been feeling better since _ .A.the orctor has come B.the doctor will come C.the doctor had come D.the doctor came8. The chemistry class _ for five minutes when we hurried there.A.had been on B.was on C.has been on D.would be on9. By the time Juan gets home，her aunt _ .A.will have B.leaves C.will have left D.is leaving10. Youve already missed too many classes this term.You _ two classes just last week.A.missed B.would miss C.had missed D.have missed 11. One of the guards _ _ when the general came in，which made him very angry.A.has slept B.were sleeping C.slept D.was sleeping12. Dr.Robert went to New York，bought some books and _ .A.visiting his daughter B.to visit his daughter C.visit his daughter D.visited his daughter13.I _writing the article by the time you get back.A.shall finish B.must have finished C.have finished D.shall have finished14. There is a knock on the door. It is the second time someone _ me this evening.A.interrupted B.has interrupted C.would interrupt D.interrupt15. Is there anything wrong？No，so far I _ no trouble.A.have had B.had C.have D.had had16. No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or she _ them.A.tries B.will try C.are trying D.has tried ACBDD; CDACA; DDDBAA（二）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)基本形式:時(shí)間 狀態(tài)一般進(jìn)行完成現(xiàn)在be donebe being donehave been done過(guò)去was/were donewas/were being donehad been done將來(lái)will be donewill be being donewill have been done考試重點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的含義。1、 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)：基本形式見上面表格，多結(jié)合時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)考查。例1 The goods _ when we arrived at the airport.A. were just unloading B.wrer just been unloading C.had just unloaded D.were just being unloaded【答案】D（2006年4月22題）例2 He _ when the bus came to a sudden stop.A. was almost hurt B.was almost to hurt himself C.was almost hurt himself D.was almost hurting himself【答案】A（2005年4月33題）2、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞例：I cant find the recorder in the room. It _ by somebody.A. must have taken B.may have taken C.may have been taken D.should have been taken【答案】C（2003年11月22題）此題考察的是綜合知識(shí)點(diǎn)。首先是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，錄音機(jī)被人拿走了。另外還考察了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加完成式表示對(duì)過(guò)去時(shí)間的推測(cè)。3、 感官動(dòng)詞及使役動(dòng)詞（如：see，feel，hear，watch，make，bid）在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中用無(wú)to不定式作賓補(bǔ)，改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)不定式前要加to例1 Because of many mistakes，she was made _ these letters again.A.tape B.to typing C.typed D.to type【答案】D（2006年11月22題）本句的意思是：因?yàn)殄e(cuò)誤太多，她又把字重新打了一遍。4、 用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的含義（1） need/require+doing sth.（=to be done）（此句型主語(yǔ)大多為物）。例1 It is hot and dry；the flowers need _ . A.being watered B.be watered C.to water D.to be watered【答案】D（2006年11月23題）本句的意思是：天氣又熱又干燥，花需要澆水。例2 My room is a mess.It needs _ . A.to be tidying up B.tidying up C.to tidy up D.tidied up【答案】B（2000年47題）本句的意思是：我的房間很亂，需要收拾。（2） sell，wash，read，write，run等動(dòng)詞帶狀語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)。例：This kind of clothes sells well.這種衣服賣得很好。The pen writes smoothly.這支筆書寫流利。（3） 主語(yǔ) + sound（feel，look，smell，taste）+形容詞。例：The dish _ _ terrible！I dont like it at all. A.tastes B.tasted C.will taste D.is tasted【答案】A（2005年11月19題） 本句的意思是：這盤菜太難吃了，我一點(diǎn)也不喜歡。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)配套練習(xí)1. The middle-aged man was seen _ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder.A.came B.come C.to come D.have come2. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen _ comfortably.A.in worn B.wearing C.wears D.are worn3. This out-of-date teaching method _ _ .A.must do away with B.must have done away with C.must being done away with D.must be done away wish4. A fire _ during the night and a large number of houses _ _ to ashes.A.broke out ， were burnt B.was broke out ， were burnt C.broke out ， burnt D.set out ， were burned5. English _ in Australia. A.speaks B.are spoken C.is soeaking D.is spoken6. A new house _ at the corner of the road.A.is building B.is being built C.been bulit D.be building7. His new book _ next month.A.will be published B.is publishing C.si beding published D.has been published8. _ the watch been repaired yet? I bably need it. A.Does B.Has C.Is D.Are9. The flowers _ _ often. A.must be water B.must be watered C.must watered D.must water10. The pot _ _ for _ _ hot water.A.used；keeping B.was used；keeping C.is used；to keep D.are used；keep11. How dirty the tables are ! They need _ . A.to clean B.clean C.cleaning D.cleaned12. Newly-born babies _ in hospital. A.are taken good care B.are taken good care of C.take good care of D.take good care13. The apple _ very sweet. A.is tasted B.taste C.tastes D.are tasting14.What do you think of the TV play? Wonderful. It is worth _ a second time.A.watching B.watched C.seen D.seeing15.A photo _ each time that button _ .A.has taken；has pushed B.has been taken；has pushed C.is taken；will be pushed D.is taken；is pushed CCDAD; BABBB; CBCAD（三）虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣是英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試的必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)之一，也是體現(xiàn)英漢語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣區(qū)別的一個(gè)語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象。在漢語(yǔ)里表示假設(shè)虛擬的情況常用一些虛詞來(lái)表示，例如“假設(shè)”、“如果”等，而英文中表示虛擬的情況不但有虛詞的提示，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要相應(yīng)的變化。虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本作用是：（1）表達(dá)假設(shè)的情況與事實(shí)相反；（2）表達(dá)異想天開很難實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望；（3）表達(dá)建議命令勸告等語(yǔ)氣。本部分重點(diǎn)講if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句，含蓄條件句、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語(yǔ)氣，及should+動(dòng)詞原形的用法。1、 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本形式和用法虛擬（條件）語(yǔ)氣中，主句與從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式可分為下面三類：假設(shè)類型條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be用were而不用was）would（第一人稱可用should）+動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反If+had+過(guò)去分詞would（第一人稱可用should）+have+過(guò)去分詞與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反If+were to+動(dòng)詞原形或If+should+動(dòng)詞原形would（第一人稱可用should）+動(dòng)詞原形下面我們列舉今年的真題來(lái)強(qiáng)化記憶。例1 Mary said to me，“Had I seen your bag，I _ _ it to you.”A.will return B.must return C.could return D.would have returned【答案】D（2004年4月45題）例2 I would ask George to lend us the money if I _ _ him.A.would come B.would have come C.had come D.came【答案】C（1995年38題）例3 If Bob _ _ with us，he would have had a good time.A.would come B.would have come C.had come D.came【答案】C（1995年59題）2、 省略if的虛擬形式在虛擬條件句中，如謂語(yǔ)包含were，had，should等詞，則可以把這些詞放到主語(yǔ)前面，省略if。例1 _ the advice of his friends，he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.A.If he took B.If he should take C.Were he to take D.Had he taken【答案】D（2004年4月32題）例2 _ ，I should ask them some questions. A.Should they come to us B.If they come to us C.Were they come to us D.Had they come to us【答案】A（1997年30題）例3 _ ，you were busy，I wouldt have bothered you with my questions.A.If I realized B.Had I realized C.Did I have realized that D.As I realized【答案】B（1996年39題）3、含蓄條件句有時(shí)一個(gè)假設(shè)的情況不用條件從句表示，而用其他方式來(lái)表示，這樣的句子叫含蓄條件句。常用with，without，but for引導(dǎo)。例1 Without heat and sunlight，plants on the earth _ well.A.would not grow B.will not grow C.had not grown D.would not be grown【答案】A（2004年11月32題）例2 But for my classmateshelp，I _ the work in time.A.did not finish B.could not finish C.will not finish D.would not have finished【答案】A（2004年11月32題）例3 But for the rain，we _ a nice holiday.A.should have B.would have had C.would have D.will have had 【答案】B（2003年4月28題）4、特殊詞或結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣（1）以wish（that）引導(dǎo)的表示“愿望”的賓語(yǔ)從句。wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用類似在非真實(shí)條件中從句時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用。表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望用：主語(yǔ)+wish+從句（主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去時(shí)）；表示一個(gè)過(guò)去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望用：主語(yǔ)+wish+從句（主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去完成時(shí)）。例1 I didnt go to the party，but I do wish I _ there. A.were B.would be C.had been D.will be 【答案】C（2001年53題）例2 Peter wishes that he _ law instead of literature when he was in college.A.could study B.studied C.had studied D.would study【答案】C（2000年53題）（2）if only+句子（過(guò)去時(shí)/過(guò)去完成時(shí)）“要是就好了”。If only后面的句子如果是對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)情況的虛擬，用過(guò)去時(shí)did；如果是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)had done。要注意與if區(qū)別，if只表示假設(shè)，意為“如果”，用真實(shí)語(yǔ)氣。而if only表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例： If only the alarm clock had rung.當(dāng)時(shí)鬧鐘響就好了。（對(duì)過(guò)去虛擬）If only I were rich.要是我富有就好了。（對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬）（3）would rather+句子（過(guò)去時(shí)）。表示寧愿、寧可的意愿，語(yǔ)氣比較婉轉(zhuǎn)，后接過(guò)去式。例1 I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _ next month for a dinner.A.come B.would come C.came D.have come【答案】C（2002年46題）例2 Id _ you didntouch that，if you dont mind. A.rather B.better C.happier D.further【答案】A（1998年45題）（4）it is time （that），it is high time（that）句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)，表示早該做而未做的事，意思是“該了、早該了”。例1 Lets finish our homework in a faw seconds；its time we _ _ .A.played football B.will play football C.play football D.are playing football【答案】A（2004年11月43題）例2 Dont you think it is time you _ _ smoking?A.give up B.gave up C.would give up D.should give up【答案】B（1999年31題）（5）以as if，as though引導(dǎo)的從句。在as if，as though引導(dǎo)的從句中，如果談?wù)摰氖遣豢赡芑虿徽鎸?shí)的情況時(shí)，他們所引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，動(dòng)詞形式和wish后面的從句動(dòng)詞形式變化相同。例：He talks as he _ everything in the world. A.konws B.knew C.had known D.would have known【答案】B 本句表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)現(xiàn)在的情況有所懷疑，所以用過(guò)去的。5、should +動(dòng)詞原形及should的省略（1）一些表示建議、要求、命令等的動(dòng)詞本身隱含說(shuō)話者主觀的意見。因此這些動(dòng)詞（或其派生詞，如名詞、形容詞、分詞等）后面的從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即“should do”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的“should”常被省略。如：表示“提議、建議”的動(dòng)詞：suggest，advise，propose，recommend，move（提議）；表示“要求、主張”的動(dòng)詞：insist，require，request，demand，desire；表示：“命令”的動(dòng)詞：order，command。例1 I dont think it advisable that Tom _ to she job since he has no experience.A.be assigned B.is assigned C.will be assigned D.has been assigned【答案】A（2006年11月29題）例2 His mother insisted that he _ the coat