高中英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句學(xué)案.doc

高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)案2013/7/26專題四狀語(yǔ)從句英語(yǔ)中的狀語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)修飾謂語(yǔ)或者整個(gè)主句按照功能可以分為：時(shí)間狀從，地點(diǎn)狀從，原因狀從，結(jié)果狀從，條件狀從，目的狀從，讓步狀從，方式狀從，比較狀從。1、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句（1）when、while、 as用法一覽表。類別作 用例 句when(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，又可表示在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情可以同時(shí)發(fā)生也可以先后發(fā)生。It was raining when we arrived.(指時(shí)間點(diǎn))When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段時(shí)間內(nèi))注意：when表“突然”whilewhile意思是“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”或“在某一段時(shí)間里”。主句中的動(dòng)作或事情在從句中的動(dòng)作或事情的進(jìn)展過(guò)程中發(fā)生，從句中的動(dòng)詞一般要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。在when表示a period of time時(shí)，兩者可以互換。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot. (用as或when不可，這里的while意思是“趁”)asas表“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”和when/ while通用，但它著重強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。還表示“一邊一邊”“隨著”She came up as I was cooking.(同時(shí))The runners started as the gun went off.(幾乎同時(shí))（2）引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞除上述外還有：as soon as ， directly, immediately, the moment, the minute 一就As soon as I have finished it , Ill give yu a call.He made for the door directly he heard the knock.hardly / scarcely when, no sooner than,表示“一就”We had hardly got / Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain.No sooner had he arrived / He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining.till, not until , until, before, since before 用法 not until 強(qiáng)調(diào)，倒樁 since用法Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. Not until years later could I realize the value of that kind of giving.He waited for his father until(till)it was twelve oclock. It was not until years later that I could realize the value of that kind of givingShe has been ill since she came back.謂語(yǔ)非延續(xù)，It is/ has been +一段時(shí)間+since從句非延續(xù)，自。以來(lái)，已經(jīng)有。年。區(qū)分：It is two years since he began to smoke.It is two years since he smoked 肯定句：一段時(shí)間，距離+before 過(guò)了多久才？It will be five years before he returns from England. Before :1和we waited along ime ,before he came out.否定句一段時(shí)間、距離+ before 過(guò)不了多久就It wont be five years before he returns from England.還沒(méi)有，還沒(méi)來(lái)得及 ，免得 he died before he wrote a wil l.I must write it down before I forget,.each time, every time, by the timeEach time he came to my city, he would call on me.注意：表示未來(lái)情況，主句用將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句：where, whereverMake a mark wherever you have any questions.We will go where the Party directs us.3、原因狀語(yǔ)從句：because, as, since=now that（1）表示不知道的原因時(shí)用because,即說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為聽(tīng)話人不知道，因此because從句是重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。You want to know why Im leaving? Im leaving because Im full.for雖然表示不知道的原因，但其語(yǔ)氣較because要弱得多，是可說(shuō)可不說(shuō)的話，它只能置于主句之后，這時(shí)，for是并列連詞。如：Its morning now, for the birds are singing.（很顯然，鳥(niǎo)叫不可能是“現(xiàn)在已是早上”的原因。）（2）表示已經(jīng)知道的原因時(shí)用as或since,即某種原因在說(shuō)話人看來(lái)已經(jīng)很明顯，或已為聽(tīng)話人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些，它們通常被置于語(yǔ)句之前。Seeing all of the children already seated, he said,“Since everyone is here, lets start.”Nowthat/Since no one is against art, lets carry out the plan.4. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句：if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that. in case, once一旦 注意if與unless的區(qū)別In case anything important happens，please call me up.My parents dont mind what job I do as long as I am happy.You can go swimming on condition that you dont get too far from the river bank._ you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier.A. unless B. Although C. Before D. Once5、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句： so that, so that, such that 注意：so + 形容詞/副詞 + that從句；such +名詞 + that從句。6、目的狀語(yǔ)從句： so that, in order that, for fear that in case注意：目的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用，否則可能是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。不可置于句首。He studied hard so that he might succeed.Come early In order that you may see him.I dare not go out for fear that he might see me.7. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句（1）although與though可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，不能與but連用。Although they are poor, they are warm-hearted.（2）even if或even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“即使”，“縱然”. Ill get there even if(though)I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air.（3）while 雖然While he is very young, he knows a lot of knowledge .(4)whetheror; whether(.).or notWhether or not he agreed with Johns views, many of them thought deeply.Whether we go to your place or stay here, weve still got to find something to eat.（5）no matter+who、what、where、how等疑問(wèn)詞，=該疑問(wèn)詞+ever構(gòu)成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等。Dont trust him, no matter what / whatever he says.Whoever breaks the law will be published.No matter how hard the work is, youd better try to do it well.（6）as也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。要用倒裝。Child as(though)he is, he knows a lot.Much as I like it, I wont buy.Try as he would, he couldnt lift the heavy box.7、方式狀語(yǔ)從句：as, as if(though)Ill do as I am told to.It looks as if it is going to rain.9.比較狀語(yǔ)從句：than, as注意：狀語(yǔ)從句中從句的省略現(xiàn)象（1）連接詞 + 過(guò)去分詞Dont speak until spoken to.Pressure can be increased when needed.Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use.（2）連詞 +現(xiàn)在分詞Look out while crossing the street.（3）連詞 + 形容詞/其他常見(jiàn)的有if necessary、if possible、when necessary、if any等。高考真題探究（20062011年）時(shí)間狀從08遼寧I used to love that film_I was a child, but I dont feel it that way any more.A.once B.when C.since D.although【2011浙江卷 4】One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away _my daughter heard cries for help.A. afterB. whileC. sinceD. when06湖南I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel_I heard the steps. A.while B.when C.since D.after07江西He was told that it would be at least three more months_he could recover and return to work.A.when B.before C.since D.that07安徽The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _we meet them again.A.after B.before C.since D.when100陜西John thinks it wont be long _he is ready for his new job. A. when B. after C. before D. since09上海You cant borrow books from the school library _ you get your student card.A. before B. if C. while D. as06四川-Why didnt you tell him about the meeting？ -He rushed out of the room_I could say a word.A.before B.until C.when D.after07天津It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life_weve actually had that lesson.A.until B.after C.since D.when【2011上海卷 36】If a lot of people say a film is not good, I wont bother to see it, or Ill wait _ it comes out on DVD.A. whetherB. afterC. thoughD. until06廣東“You cant have this football back_you promise not to kick it at my cat again.” the old man said firmly. A.because B.since C.when D.untilIt was back home after the experiment.A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didnt goC. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didnt goAs is reported, it is 100 years _Qinghua University was founded. A. when B. before C. after D. since【2011遼寧卷 29】He had no sooner finished his speech _ the students started cheering.A. since B. as C. when D. than原因狀從08北京Did you return Freds call? I didnt need to _Ill see him tomorrow. A. though B. unless C. when D. because06廣東Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, _this was a memory she especially treasured.A.as B.if C.when D.where條件狀從07上海Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water_they are not managed carefully.A.though B.before C.until D.if08全國(guó)Have you got any idea for the summer ?I dont mind where we go_theres sun, sea and beach.A.as if B.as long as C.now that D.in order that09陜西My parents dont mind what job I do _I am happy.A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though08天津Well have a picnic in the park this Sunday _it rains or its very cold. A.since B. if C. unless D. until08全國(guó)A small car is big enough for a family of three_you need more space for baggage.A.once B.because C.if D.unless06江蘇_environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）to recover.A.Even if B.If only C.While D.Once讓步狀從【2011全國(guó)卷II 19】It was a nice meal, _a little expensive. A. though B. whether C. as D. since【2011四川卷 4】Frank insisted that he was not asleep _ I had great difficulty in waking him up. A. whether B. although C. for D. so【2011天津卷 5】_ regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.A.It B. As C.Although D.Unless10湖南Tim is in good shape physically _ he doesnt get much exercise. A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as07浙江Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _they knew it to be valuable.A.as if B.now that C.even thoughD.so that【2011北京卷 29】_ volleyball is her main focus, shes also great at basketball. A. SinceB. OnceC. UnlessD. While【2011陜西卷 19】_all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for t