磁化率(完).doc

附：實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)處理與分析一、數(shù)據(jù)記錄1.不同勵(lì)磁電流下磁場強(qiáng)度的測定勵(lì)磁電流A磁場強(qiáng)度（mT）平均值mT磁場強(qiáng)度H/(A/m)H=B/0(0=410-7N/A2)第一組第二組第三組第四組1.060.163.760.260.261.0548606.72.0119.6119.7122.6 120.2120.52595959.43.0179.1179.8181.7178.6179.8143152.90(0.7+0.3) /2=0.5398.12.空樣品管測量勵(lì)磁電流A樣品管質(zhì)量m/g平均值m/gm0=m-m0/g第一組第二組第三組第四組1.021.368021.369021.368921.366221.36800.00202.021.370021.368021.365021.367521.3676 0.00163.021.365021.366021.367021.365021.3658-0.00020m0=(21.3670+21.3660+21.3649)/3=21.36603.莫爾鹽的測定莫爾鹽分子量：392.14勵(lì)磁電流A樣品管質(zhì)量m/g平均值m/gm0=m-m0/g第一組第二組第三組第四組1.043.401043.401543.399043.393743.39880.00882.043.403043.410043.413043.428043.41350.02353.043.454043.460043.4640 43.465043.46080.07080m0=(43.3910+43.3900+43.3890)/3=43.3900平均溫度T/KT=(295.0+295.8)/2=295.44.亞鐵氰化鉀的測定亞鐵氰化鉀的分子量：422.39 樣品管質(zhì)量m/g平均值m/gm0=m-m0/g第一組第二組第三組第四組1.043.026643.030043.028043.028043.02820.00222.043.028043.021043.027043.027543.0259-0.00013.043.028543.022043.023043.030043.0259-0.00010m0=(43.0270+43.0300+43.0220)/3=43.026平均溫度T/KT=(294.9+295.8)/2=295.355.硫酸亞鐵的測定硫酸亞鐵分子量：278.02勵(lì)磁電流A樣品管質(zhì)量m/g平均值m/gm0=m-m0/g第一組第二組第三組第四組1.042.440142.447042.447042.445042.44480.01112.042.471042.471042.470042.471042.47080.03713.042,515742.512042.512442.513042.51330.07960m0=(42.4296+42.4360+42.4356)/3=42.4337平均溫度T/KT=(294.8+295.5)/2=295.15二、數(shù)據(jù)處理1.由莫爾鹽的磁化率和實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)，計(jì)算各特定勵(lì)磁電流相應(yīng)的磁場強(qiáng)度值，并與高斯計(jì)測量值進(jìn)行比較。莫爾鹽的摩爾磁化率與熱力學(xué)溫度T的關(guān)系為：mB=9500T+14M10-9(m3/mol)又有 m=2m-m0ghM0mH2，二者對比可得H： H=2m-m0（T+1）ghM95004M10-90m=2m-m0（T+1）gh9500410-90m計(jì)算如下所示：勵(lì)磁電流/A1.02.03.0空管m0/g0.00200.0016-0.0002莫爾鹽m /g0.00880.02350.0708（m -m0）/g0.00680.02190.0710樣品質(zhì)量m/g22.0240溫度/T295.4樣品高度h/m0.1518H計(jì)算值/(A/m) 42602.7676454.90 137661.48H高斯計(jì)測量值/(A/m)48606.795959.4143152.4由數(shù)據(jù)比較可知，高斯計(jì)測量值較大，分析可能原因?yàn)椋?）、樣品管下端沒有放在磁場最強(qiáng)處、樣品管固定不穩(wěn)；2）、樣品管不干凈；3）、裝在樣品管內(nèi)的樣品沒有達(dá)到上下一致、均勻緊密；2.由亞鐵氰化鉀與硫酸亞鐵的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)，分別計(jì)算和討論在1.0A，2.0A，3.0A時(shí)的m、m以及未成對電子數(shù)。 由公式m=2（m-m0）ghM0mH2可求得m，再由公式m=L0m23kT求得m，具體計(jì)算式為：m=3kTmL0，求得m后帶入公式m=Bn（n+2）即可求得未成對電子數(shù)。其中0=410-7N/A2，g=9.8m/s2，k=1.380610-23J/K，B=9.27410-24J/T，L=6.021023mol-1（1）亞鐵氰化鉀（M=422.39）勵(lì)磁電流/A1.02.03.0空管m0/g0.00200.0016-0.0002亞鐵氰化鉀m /g0.0022-0.0001-0.0001m -m0/g0.0002-0.0017-0.0003樣品質(zhì)量m/g21.6600溫度/T295.35樣品高度h/m0.1518H為計(jì)算值的m/(m3/mol)5.08810-9-1.34210-5-7.30910-7H為高斯計(jì)測量值的m/(m3/mol)3.90910-9-8.52410-6-6.75910-7m/(J/T)000n000由上述計(jì)算結(jié)果可知，亞鐵氰化鉀未配對電子數(shù)為0。（2）、硫酸亞鐵(M=278.02)勵(lì)磁電流/A1.02.03.0空管m0/g0.00200.0016-0.0002硫酸亞鐵m /g0.01110.0371 0.0796m -m0/g 0.0091 0.03550.0798樣品質(zhì)量m/g22.0677溫度/T295.15樣品高度h/m0.1518H為計(jì)算值的m/(m3/mol)1.49610-71.81210-71.25610-7H為高斯計(jì)測量值的m/(m3/mol)1.14910-71.15010-71.16210-7H為計(jì)算值的m/(J/T)4.91710-235.41110-234.50510-23H為高斯計(jì)測量值m/(J/T)4.30910-23 4.31110-234.33310-23H為計(jì)算值的n4.394.913.96H為高斯計(jì)測量值的n3.753.753.79由上述計(jì)算結(jié)果可知，除了4.91偏差較大以外，計(jì)算所得的未成對電子數(shù)都在4左右，若取整，可得硫酸亞鐵未配對電子數(shù)為4。誤差來源分析：1）、勵(lì)磁電流不能每一次都準(zhǔn)確定位在某個(gè)確定的電流處，比如1A只是大約在1A左右，所以每