江蘇省鹽城市郭猛實驗學校七年級英語下冊 全一冊知識點梳理 牛津版.doc

unit one一、詞形轉(zhuǎn)換wood n. wooden adj. child n. children pron. quiet adj.quietly adv. quite adv. 相當?shù)?quiet adj. 安靜的 print v. printer n. worry v. 擔心worried adj.擔心的 littlelessleast many/much moremost own(adj./v.) owner (n.) britain n. 不列顛british adj. 不列顛的 france n. 法國french n. 法語 adj.法國的japan n.日本japanese n. adj.日本的russia n. 俄羅斯russian n. 俄語、俄羅斯人 adj.俄羅斯的二、單詞研究1. 國家、人民、語言countrypeople(pl.)languagechinachinesechinese the ukthe english/ englishmenenglish the usaamericansenglish russiarussiansrussian france the french/ frenchmenfrench australiaaustralians english canadacanadians english / frenchjapanjapanesejapanese2. capitalthe capital of the usa is washington d.c.the capital of e.g. nanjing is the capital of jiangsu province.the capital of china is beijing.3. own(adj.自己的/v.擁有) owner (n.)主人i have my own bedroom. = i have a bedroom of my own.e.g. i see with my own eyes. whos the owner of this pen?= who owns this pen?4. fun n. 樂趣，不可數(shù)名詞i always have fun with my dog there.its great fun.5. most(1) most名詞; adj. “大多數(shù)的”： most homes most girl students like wearing skirts. (2)most of + the / (形)物主代詞(his/ their) / 指示代詞（these/ those) + pl./umost of + us/you/themmost of the students would like to stay.i spend most of my free time playing football.most of them think english is very important.(3) adv.“最” ：like sth mosti like playing basketball most.6. beside = next toid like to live next to a restaurant.there is a football field behind my house and a swimming pool beside it.三、詞組學習1.id like to live next to a restaurant. would like sth.= want sthwould like to do sth = want to do sthwould you like some water?= do you want some water? yes，please./ no, thanks.would you like to go with us? yes, id love/ like to. good idea. all right. / id like to, but next to =besidee.g. toms house is next to mine. jack wants to sit next to me.2.learn about homes in different countries. learn about 學習有關的知識 i want to learn more about the world. learn from 向?qū)W習 we should help each other and learn from each other. different same； be different frombe the same asin different classes in the same classits really different from the flats in beijing.be different frome.g. your pen is different from mine.city life is very different from country life. different(adj.) difference(n.)the difference betweenande.g. there are many differences between english and chinese names.3.we sit on the big floor cushions and look out at the beach and the sea.look out (of)at =see from look out ! =be careful! = take care!當心/小心e.g. dont look out of the window in class.look at / look around / look for / look like / look forward to / look after / look up4.i share a bedroom with my sister. share sth with sbe.g. the boy shared his toy with other children share in sthe.g. we should share in our sorrows as well as joys.5.simon wrote down the meaning of some of the words.write + n. +down=write down +n. write it /them downe.g. can you write down the words on your book ?= can you write the words on your book?ok, ill write them down.meaning (n.) mean(v.)e.g. whats the meaning of “quick?= what does “quick” mean?6. ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事can you ask him to call me back?否定結構有：ask sb not to do sth類似的結構有：tell sb to do sth7. be full of 充滿 your garden is full of flowers.the room is full of smoke.my grandmother visited my home with a basket full of vegetables.8. have an area of = in area(size)red square in moscow is about 91,000 square metres in size.france has an area of over 260,000 square miles. = france is 260,000 square miles in area.四、語法歸納（一）cardinal numbersa.基數(shù)詞的寫法：“幾十幾”十位和個位之間用“”。e.g. 32 thirty-two101999 百位和十位間加“and”.e.g. 928 nine hundred and twenty-eight1000以上的數(shù)，從后往前每三位一段，倒數(shù)第一個數(shù)讀thousand，倒數(shù)第二個數(shù)讀million，依次類推。e.g. 8,542,601 eight million, five hundred and forty-three thousand, six hundred and oneb .基數(shù)詞的運用：1. hundred, thousand, million, billion等前有數(shù)字修飾表示“精確數(shù)”一般用單數(shù)，但表示不定數(shù)目用復數(shù)：hundreds of; thousands of; millions of 注意區(qū)別：three hundred students; hundreds of students; three hundred of the students2. 表示“幾十”的數(shù)詞，其復數(shù)形式可以表示年齡或年代。e.g. in his twenties in the thirties the 1990s3. 表示房間號、公共汽車號、電話號碼、頁數(shù)、年齡等用基數(shù)詞，如：room 801; no. 1 bus; page 44; two oclock; a twelve-year-old girl4. 一些計算或分數(shù)、百分數(shù)等，如：two plus two is four.five times six is thirty.a half; a third; a quarter; three quarters; one-eighth; seven-eighths;thirty percent5. 年月日中，年用基數(shù)詞；日用序數(shù)詞january 18, 2014; 18th january 20146. 基數(shù)詞表0zero10ten20twenty1001one11eleven30thirtyone hundred2two12twelve40forty1,0003three13thirteen50fiftyone thousand4four14fourteen60sixty10,0005five15fifteen70seventyten thousand6six16sixteen80eighty100,0007seven17seventeen90ninetyone hundred thousand8eight18eighteen1,000,0009nine19nineteenone million（二） ordinal numbers序數(shù)詞的運用：1. 表示日期：e.g. 6月1日 on the first of june/ on june (the) first2. 表示編號：e.g. lesson 5=the fifth lesson3. 表示名次，起副詞作用，前無“the” e.g. simon came first in the english exam.4. 序數(shù)詞前有限定詞修飾時，不加“the”. e.g. this is my first lesson. 5. 表示次序或樓層，如： he is always the first to come to school in our class. wilson lives on the twelfth floor.6. a/an+序數(shù)詞 ，表示“又一、再一”； id like a second try.7. 序數(shù)詞表ordinal numbersordinal numbers1st=first10th=tenth2nd=second11th=eleventh3rd=third12th=twelfth4th=fourth13th=thirteenth5th=fifth20th=twentieth6th=sixth21st=twenty-first7th=seventh22nd=twenty-second8th=eighth23rd=twenty-third9th=ninth30th=thirtieth五、拓展提升1. ill arrive in beijing on sunday.arrive (vi.) arrive in(大地點)/at (小地點)= get to = reach(及物動詞)e.g. the train arrived an hour ago. he arrives at school on time every day.=he gets to school on time every day.= he reaches school on time every day.arrive there/ here/home =get there/ here/ home誤：reach there/ here/ home2.whos calling/speaking/that? （打電話用語）請問你是誰？“我是”用this is e.g. this is jack speaking. may i speak to? 可以找接電話嗎？ yes, speaking. 是的，請講。 just a minute/ moment. 請稍等。 whats your telephone number?sorry, wrong number.hold on, please. 別掛斷。call sb back給某人回電話；answer the call 接電話3. it rains a lot. 表示下雨、下雪、冷熱等自然狀況等用it作為主語it often rains a lot in summer in haimen.it doesnt rain here in winter.it never snows here in summer.does it often rain here in spring in shanghai?4. the cn tower is 1,815 feet tall. 表示物體的長寬高厚深等的句型為：某物 is 數(shù)量 long/ wide/ tall / high/ thick/ deep.the yangtze is 6,300 kilometres long.im 1.72 metres tall.5. 表示方位的in, on, toshanghai is in the east of china.russia is on the north of china.japan is to the east of china.unit2 neighbours1.a community centre社區(qū)中心2.social worker社會福利工作者3.all kinds of各種各樣的different kinds of不同種類的be kind to對好4.begin with=start with以開始 5.at the weekend在周末6.do some shopping購物7.plan out安排，籌劃 plan to do sth.計劃做某事8.the day after tomorrow后天9.make a fire生火10.far( away) from離遠11.in the future將來 in future 以后，今后12.need to do需要做某事 need doing 需要被做13.feel well感覺舒服14. be sure+（that）從句 確信 be sure of對有根據(jù) be sure to do sth.一定做某事15. have a meeting開會16.ask sb.to do sth.讓/要求某人做某事17.be ready to do sth.準備做某be ready to help 樂于助人be/get ready for為做準備18.wait for sb.to do sth.等候某人做某事19.how about+n./pron./v.-ing（做）怎么樣20.by+“交通工具(train/bus/ship/bike)” 乘坐21. have to do sth.不得不做某事22.practise doing sth.練習做某事23.“what/how+to do (sth.)”“疑問詞+不定式”作賓語24.police station警局 post office郵局25be going to do sth.計劃、打算做某事26.theres something wrong with某物壞（失靈）了27. be good at=do well in 擅長做某事be good for 對有益be good to sb.對某人和善28. worry about =be worried about為某人/某事?lián)?9.ill =i will/shall30.in the neighbourhood of 大約，左右31. most of中的大多數(shù)（后面加可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞都可以 ）32.be helpful to sb.對某人很有幫助33.be of some/no/much help to sb.對某人有些/沒有/很有幫助34.help oneself(to)自用(事物等)35.help sb.out幫助某人克服困難、解決問題、渡過難關、完成工作等36.with the help of 在的幫助下37. .help sb.（to） do sth.幫助某人做某事 help sb. with sth.幫助某人某事38.help to do sth.有助于做某事39.be lucky to do sth.幸運做某事40.youre welcome./thats ok./thats all right./not at all. 不用謝。welcome to the unit1- where are you going? 你去哪兒？ - im going to visit our new neighbours.我去拜訪我們的新鄰居。 探究點：be going to后接動詞_。我打算在放學后踢足球。 i_ _ _ play football after school.2. im afraid they wont welcome visitors like you. 恐怕他們不歡迎像你這樣的拜訪者。 探究點一：be afraid的意思是“_” (1) be afraid of (doing) sth.意為“害怕（做）某事”。.我害怕那條狗。_ 你害怕一個人呆在這兒嗎？_ (2) be afraid to do sth.意為“不敢做某事”。我害怕在夜間出去。_ (3)“be afraid + that從句”意為“擔心”。我擔心他沒有通過考試。_. 我擔心他將會知道這個不好的消息。 i_ _ that he_ know the bad news. 探究點二：welcome在此用作_（詞性）。 指點迷津 welcome在此用作動詞，意為“歡迎”。 (1)用作形容詞，意為“受歡迎的”。.在會議上，你們都是受歡迎的。_ (2)用作動詞，意為“歡迎”。歡迎來到我們學校！_ (3)用作名詞，意為“歡迎”。他熱烈歡迎我的到來。_ 探究點三：like在此用作_（詞性）。 指點迷津 like在此用作介詞，意為“像一樣”。like的具體用法如下： (1)用作介詞，意為“像一樣”。他能像他的父親一樣講英語。_ (2)用作動詞，意為“喜歡”。我不喜歡玩這個游戲。_ 我需要一輛和你一樣的自行車。 i need a bike_ _.3. most of them have 14 floors. 它們中大多數(shù)有14層。 探究點：most在此用作_（詞性）。指點迷津 most在此用作代詞，意為“大部分，大多數(shù)”。most的具體用法如下： (1)用作代詞，意為“大部分，大多數(shù)”。 我們中大多數(shù)人喜歡這首歌。_ (2)用作限定詞，意為“大多數(shù)的，大部分的；最多的”。大多數(shù)學生喜歡英語。_ (3)用作副詞，意為“最；非常，極其”。我最喜歡音樂。_辨析 most與most ofmost與most of的區(qū)別在許多情況下與所修飾的名詞是否帶有限定詞（如冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞、名詞所有格等）有關，具體說來，應注意以下幾點：(1)若所修飾的名詞前沒有限定詞，通常要用most，而不用most of。most people agree with me.大多數(shù)人同意我的意見。但是，在習慣上不帶冠詞的專有名詞（如人名和地名等）或抽象名詞（如學科名詞等）前，要用most of，而不用most。most of wales is without water威爾士大多數(shù)地區(qū)都斷水了。(2)若所修飾的名詞前帶有限定詞，則用most of，而不用most。most of the people here know each other.這里的大多數(shù)人互相認識。注意 對于可數(shù)名詞來說，如果是單數(shù)形式，不能直接在其前用most，而應使用“most of+限定詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”的形式。it is wet and windy for most of the week. -周大多時間都是既刮風又潮濕的。(3)若直接用在人稱代詞之前，要用most of，而不用most。most of us think he is wrong.我們大多數(shù)人認為他錯了。most songs here are new. 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。_ _the songs here are new.reading1. they help us with all kinds of problems.他們幫助我們解決各種問題。探究點一：help sb. with sth的同義短語是什么？ 我姐姐經(jīng)常幫助我學習語文_ 探究點二：all kinds of意為“_”。 這家書店里有各種各樣的書籍。_ 這家商店里有各種各樣的電腦。there are_ _ _ computers in this shop.2theres something wrong with my computer.我的電腦出了問題。 探究點：theres something wrong with的意思是“_”可與 “something is wrong with”“something doesnt work.”“something is broken.”進行句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 我的收音機出了故障。there is something wrong with my radio. =_= _= _ 注意 “沒有出故障”周“there isnt anything wrong with ./there is nothing wrong with/nothing is wrong with”。 there isnt anything wrong with my mp3. =there is nothing wrong with my mp3. =nothing is wrong with my mp3.我的mp3沒有出故障。 my pen is broken. 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換theres _ _ _ my pen.3some college students are ready to help. -些大學生樂于助人。 探究點：be ready to do sth的意思是“_”那個女孩樂于說英語。_拓展 get ready for意為“為做準備”。 我們都在為考試做準備。_ ( )he is ready _speak at the meeting. a. to bfor cwith dof4. simon wants to ask someone to fix his bicycle. 西蒙想請人修他的自行車。 探究點一：want后接動詞的_形式作賓語。我想和你談一談。_ 知識拓展 want還可構成want sb. to do sth.結構。 他想給你一個驚喜。_. ( )they want_ at six in the afternoon. a. meet b. to meet c. meeting d. to meeting 探究點二：ask sb. to do sth的意思是“_” 老師叫我們?nèi)マk公室。_ 注意 ask sb. to do sth.的否定形式為：ask sb. not to do sth.。那個人叫他不要坐在這兒。_. 他經(jīng)常叫他的兒子早點回家。 he often_ his son_ _ home early. 探究點三：fix的意思是“_”。 我認為這臺電視機需要修理了。_ 你能把它安裝到墻上嗎？_ 你能幫我修理我壞了的課桌嗎？can you help me _my_ desk?grammar1. she is going to watch the film next friday. 她打算下周五看這部電影。 探究點一：一般將來時的構成形式有哪幾種，其區(qū)別又是什么？ 指點迷津 (1) be going to的用法 be going to是一種固定結構，后面要接動詞原形，用來表示按計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作，有時也可以表示推測將要或肯定會發(fā)生的動作，有“準備；打算”的意思。含有be going to結構的句子中往往有表示將來的時間狀語。 今天下午我們打算開班會。（安排）_ 看那些烏云，快要下雨了。（推測）_ be going to的肯定句 be going to結構中的be動詞很少用原形，它一般有三種形式，即：am，is，are。當主語是i時用am；當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時用is；當主語是其他人稱時用are。明天早上我打算去買些東西。i am going to buy something tomorrow morning. 她打算今天下午去看望王先生。she is going to see mr wang this afternoon. be going to的否定句和一般疑問句 由于句子中有be動詞，因此be going to的否定句和一般疑問句的構成很容易，即在be(am，is，are)的后面加上not就構成了否定句；把be (am，is，are)放到句首，在句末加問號就構成了一般疑問句，其答語為：yes，主語+amis/are.no，主語+isnt/arent.no，im not.另外，i am在改為一般疑問句時常常改為“are you？”。 他們不打算下周去看這部電影。they are not going to watch the film next week. 他們打算下周去看這部電影嗎？-are they going to watch the film next week?是的。不。- yes，they are. /no，they arent.使用be going to時的注意點a. there be句型的be going to結構為：there is/are going to be (注意句型中going to后面的be不能改為have)，常用來表示將有某事發(fā)生。下周末我們學校將有一場足球比賽。_bcome，go，leave，arrive等表示位置移動的動詞常用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將要發(fā)生的動作，它們很少與be going to結構連用。(2)一般將來時也可用“shall/will+動詞原形”表示。shall只用于主語為第一人稱(iwe)的句子中，will可用于所有人稱。其否定句在shall或will后面加not，也可縮寫成shant或wont；一般疑問句把shall或will放到句首，在句末加問號，其答語為：yes，主語+shall/will. /no，主語+shant/wont.我將買一輛新自行車。_他們不會在這兒呆太久。_我將再也不遲到了。_你將幫助我學英語嗎？_好的，我將幫助你學英語。_2. my parents and i are planning a day out with my uncles family the day after tomorrow.我和我的父母計劃后天和我的叔叔一家一起出去郊游。探究點：plan的意思是“_”。他們計劃再買一臺電腦。_ 你的新計劃是什么？_我們在計劃參觀長城 we_ _ _ _ the great wall.3how about your uncle? 你叔叔呢？探究點：how about后接動詞時用什么形式？休息一下怎么樣？_ 看足球比賽怎么樣？_integrated skills1. her elder brother works in a_.她的哥哥在工作。 探究點：elder的意思是“_”：他的姐姐上8年級。_ 2. she works for a_ far away from her home, so she goes to work by train. 她在遠離家的工作，因此她乘火車去上班。 探究點：far away from的意思是“_”。 我家遠離學校。my home is far away from school. 知識拓展 (1) far away用作表語或狀語，away可以省去，因此，far away=far; far away from=far from。 (2) far( away)后不接賓語；far (away) from后一定要接賓語。they do not live far away.他們住得并不遠。 (3) far是表示較籠統(tǒng)、模糊概念的“遠”，而away是表示具體的“遠”。如：very far很遠；quite far相當遠；how far多遠；500 metres away 500米遠；2 kilometres away 2公里遠。 試比較：我家離醫(yī)院很遠。 my home is very far from the hospital. 我家離醫(yī)院20公里遠。my home is 20 kilometres away from the hospital. ( )my home is very _.it is about 30 kilometres_ school. a. away; far b. far; away c. far; away from d. away; from 3im good at drawing.我擅長畫畫。 探究點：be good at的同義短語是_。 he is good at playing football.=he does well in playing football.他擅長踢足球。 the boy is good at reading. 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。the boy_ _ _ reading.4. that sounds like a good idea. 那聽起來像是個好主意。 探究點：sound like的意思是“_” 那聽起來像是一個真實的故事。_ 辨析 sound與sound like sound意為“聽起來”，后接形容詞作表語；sound like意為“聽起來像”，后接名詞作賓語。那音樂聽起來很美。_ 那聲音聽起來像鳥叫聲。_ ( )the song _very sad. a. like b. likes c. sounds like d. sounds 5. i want to help sick people我想幫助病人。 探究點：sick與ill有何區(qū)別？ 她的叔叔生病了。_ 她因憂慮而生病了。_ (2) sick與ill用來修飾名詞時，它們的意義則不相同。sick作定語時，表示“有病的；患病的；（身體）不適的”；ill則表示“壞的；邪惡的；不吉祥的”。 她得照顧她生病的爺爺。_ 他很善良，但脾氣很壞。_ . ( )he is a_ man. he cant help you carry heavy things. a. ill b. sick c. good d. helpfultask1please look at the information below請看下面的信息。 探究點一：look at的意思是“_” 辨析 look，look at，see與watch look，look at，see，watch都有“看”的意思，但用法不同。 (1) look為不及物動詞，后面不能接賓語，常單獨使用，以引起對方注意。 look! thats an english car.看！那是一輛英國的小汽車。 (2) look at是由動詞look與介詞at構成的短語，相當于及物動詞，后面可以接賓語，側重“看”的動作。please look at this picture. (3) see為及物動詞，意思是“看見”，側重“看”的結果。can i see your new pen? 我可以看看你的新鋼筆嗎？ (4) watch是及物動詞，意思是“觀看；注視”，用來指注視移動著的物體，如看電視、看球賽、看戲等。they are watching tv.他們正在看電視。 用look，look at，see或watch填空。 _! i can _some birds in the tree.he _me and smiles.they are_ the boys playing football. 探究點二：information是_（可數(shù)不可數(shù)）名詞。 我正在網(wǎng)上查找一些關于科學方面的信息。_ _ 辨析 information與message (1) information是不可數(shù)名詞，意為“通知；消息；情報”。他把所有的消息都給我了。_ (2) message是名詞，意為“信息，口信”。 你能給我捎個口信嗎？_ 在那里你可以查到所有的信息。 you can get_ _ _there. 探究點三：below