unit1 learna foreign language 的語言點.ppt

1 Whoare WilliamShakespeare and CharlesDickens 2 Whyaretheymentionedintheadvertisements ThereisoftenareferencetoWilliamShakespeareorCharlesDickenstoencouragehimevenmore Thepeoplewhoruntheadvertisementsjustwanttousequotationstosupporttheirpoints DetailedReading IfitwereaseasytolearnEnglishastheysay Iwouldhavetolookforanotherjob becauseveryfewqualifiedteacherswouldbeneeded Whatistheauthor sprofession HemustbeanEnglishteacherwhosejobistotrainqualifiedEnglishteachers DetailedReading anditisnousepretendingthatanyonehasdiscoveredaperfectwayofteachingEnglishineverypossiblesituation 1 Whatarethemeaningandtheusageofthephrase itisnouse 1 Thephrasemeans ithasnoeffect 2 WheneverweusethisphraseweshouldalwaysusetheV ingformafterit It snousecomplaining It snousecryingoverspiltmilk he sspentallthemoney andthere snothingyoucandoaboutit Moreexamples 2 TranslatethispartintoChinese 而且也無需裝模作樣地聲稱有什么人已經(jīng)找到了一個萬能的適合所有學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境的教學(xué)方法 DetailedReading Nodoubtthisistruetoacertainextent butitisnotveryhelpfultostudents 1 Whatcanwelearnfromtheexpression Thisistruetoacertainextent but Wecanseetheauthordoesn ttotallyagreewiththepreviousstatement 2 Then what intheauthor sopinion ishelpfultostudents StudentsshouldhavesomegoodmethodsinlearningEnglish DetailedReading Somestudentsgototheoppositeextremeandthinktheycanteachthemselvesathomewithdictionaries Whatcanweinferfromthephrase gototheoppositeextreme Fromthisphrase wecanseethattheauthordoesn tthinklearningEnglishbyusingdictionariesonlyisagoodmethod either DetailedReading ButitiswrongtoassumethateachwordinEnglishhasapreciseequivalentinanotherlanguageandviceversa TranslatethesentenceintoChinese 如果你認(rèn)為英語中的每一個詞在另一語言中都有完全對等的詞 或反之亦然 那就錯了 DetailedReading Ifwewereparrotsorchimpanzees thesemethodsmightbesuccessful Whatcanweinferfromthesentence Theauthorusessubjunctivemoodheretoshowhedisagreeswithbehaviorists DetailedReading Humanbeings unlikeparrotsandchimpanzees canrelatethemtotheirownlives Whydoestheauthorcomparehumanbeingswithparrotsandchimpanzees TheauthordoessoinordertotellushumanbeingsspeakEnglishbecausetheyareinterestedinit DetailedReading Itisworthrememberingthatlanguageisameansofcommunication 1 Payattentiontotheusageoftheword worth WhenweusethisexpressionweshouldalwaysusetheV ingformaftertheword worth neveraninfinitive 2 Paraphrasethesentence Itislikelytogiveasatisfactoryorrewardingreturnforustokeepinmindthatlanguageisawaytocommunicate Thebookisworthreading It sworthreadingthebook Moreexamples DetailedReading Whattheylistentoandreadcannotbeaformula TranslatethesentenceintoChinese 人們所聽所讀的不應(yīng)該是程式化的東西 DetailedReading personal adj concerning belongingto orfortheuseofaparticularperson private Mypersonalviewisthatthestudentsshouldbedoingmoreworkoutsidetheclassroom WhenIwenttoherroomallherpersonalbelongingshadgone DetailedReading advertisement n apicture shortfilm song etc whichtriestopersuadepeopletobuyaproductorservice atelevision newspaperadvertisementforanewcar TheyputanadvertisementinTheMorningNews offeringahighsalaryfortherightperson Collocation answeranadvertisement應(yīng)廣告之聘putanadvertisementin on在 做廣告runanadvertisement做廣告buythingsfrom inadvertisements購買廣告上宣傳的商品 DetailedReading TheorganizersoftheconcerthadtakenoutafullpageadvertisementinTheNewYorkTimes claim Allpartieshaveclaimedsuccessinyesterday selections Thecompanyclaimsthattheirproduct makesyouthinwithoutdieting 1 vt statethatsth istrue eventhoughithasnotbeenproved 戰(zhàn)斗結(jié)束后 雙方均宣稱獲勝 Afterthebattlebothsidesclaimedvictory DetailedReading onone spart oforbysomeone Therehasneverbeenanyjealousyonmypart Itwasprobablyjustamistakeonherpart 我從沒有感到忌妒 DetailedReading fluently adv fluent adj oftenusedwithin ofaperson speaking writing orplayingamusicalinstrumentinaneasysmoothmanner ThecompanywillgiveprioritytoanapplicantwhoisfluentinEnglish HespeaksfluentSpanish DetailedReading areferencebook參考書 工具書areferencelibrary 不外借書的 參考書閱覽室forreference作參考in withreferenceto關(guān)于 reference n Knowingwhathadhappened Iavoidedmakinganyreferencetoweddings 他最近出的書中提到了中東問題 1 amentionofsth 2 sth thatshowsyouwheretolookforinformation egthepagenumberofanotherplaceinabook出處 附注 HisrecentbookmakesreferencestotheissueoftheMideast Makeanoteofthereferencenumbershownontheform 3 theactoflookingatsth forinformation Usethedictionaryforeasyreference Keeptheirpricelistforfurtherreference Collocation DetailedReading efficiently adv efficient adj workingwell quickly andwithoutwaste anefficientsecretary 能干的秘書 anefficientheatingsystem 高效能的供暖系統(tǒng) Directions Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove Changetheformwherenecessary 1 Thelocalgovernmenthastakensomemeasurestoreduceunemployment 2 Weneedsomeonereallywhocanorganizetheofficeandmakeitrunsmoothly 3 Thecity stransportsystemisoneofthemostinEurope 4 Anteacherwillalwaysproducebetterexamresults effective efficient efficient effective DetailedReading 這兩個形容詞均有 有效的 之意 指積極有效 效率高 效果好 節(jié)省精力 指人時 強調(diào)其能干 熟練的技巧 強調(diào)產(chǎn)生實際的效果 效力或具有取得預(yù)期效果的能力 指人指物都適用 argue 1 vi disagreewithsomeoneinwords ofteninanangryway 我們聽到鄰居正在爭吵 Wecouldheartheneighborsarguing They realwaysarguingabout overmoney 2 v givethereasonsforone sopinion idea belief etc Thelawyersarguedthecaseforhours Bakerarguedagainstcuttingthemilitarybudget arguedown駁倒 Collocation Theyarguedhimdownfiercely 他們狠狠地駁得他啞口無言 arguethetoss反對某項已成定局的決定 argueout辯論清楚 Theteacherandhisclassarguedthewholematterout 老師和學(xué)生透徹地論證了這個問題 Let snotarguethetoss wehavetoaccepthischoice 我們不必爭論已經(jīng)決定的事 只好聽他的 DetailedReading individual 1 n asinglepersonorthing especiallywhencomparedtothegrouporsettowhichtheybelong 每一個人都有永遠(yuǎn)不可剝奪的權(quán)利 Everyindividualhasrightswhichmustneverbetakenaway anindividualeffort contribution 2 adj 1 single separate Eachindividualpersonisresponsibleforhisownarrangements foodservedinindividualportions 2 oforforoneperson byorfromoneperson 按一人一份供給的食物 個人的努力 貢獻(xiàn) DetailedReading personality n 1 thewholenatureorcharacterofaparticularperson 他是個個性很強的有抱負(fù)的人 Hewasanambitiousmanwithastrongpersonality 2 afamousperson Everyonelovesherforhercheerfulpersonality personalitiesfromthefilmworld 影界名流 RogerFedererisoneofthebest knownpersonalitiesintheworldoftennis DetailedReading 主要指一個人穩(wěn)定的心理特征 例如 Thoughtheirpersonalitiesdiffered theygotalongasfriends 雖然他們性格迥異 但卻相處友好 Whatdoesherhandwritingtellyouabouthercharacter 你從她的書法中看出她有什么樣的個性 It shisnaturetobekindtopeople 他天生為人厚道 Thegirlhasasweettemper 那女孩性情溫婉 DetailedReading 這些名詞均有 性格 氣質(zhì) 性情 習(xí)性 之意 指天生的 不可改變的性格 例如 指從感情方面體現(xiàn)出來 決定處理問題的方式的性格或性情 這種性情可以是暫時的也可以是長久的 例如 指對個性或人格所作出的客觀評價 常常與道德有關(guān) 例如 nodoubt almostcertainly veryprobably 想必你要在吃飯前打開行李休息一下 Nodoubtyou llwanttounpackandhavearestbeforedinner Wewill nodoubt discusstheseissuesagainatthenextmeeting DetailedReading toacertainextent tothedegreespecified 他們的資金在一定程度上來自廣告收入 Theyarefinancedtoacertainextentbyadvertisingrevenue Iagreewithwhatyousaytoacertainextent DetailedReading haveanadvantage over havesth thathelpsonetobemoresuccessfulthanothers Herexperiencemeantthatshehadabigadvantageoverheropponent Peoplewhohavebeentouniversityhaveabigadvantagewhenitcomestofindingjobs DetailedReading gotoextremes acttooviolentlyorbehaveinanextremeway 他們往往持極端觀點 Theyoftengotoextremesintheirviews gofromoneextremetotheother從一個極端走向另一個極端bedriven forcedtoextremes被迫走極端 Collocation Inthejungle theyweredriventoextremesinordertosurvive 在叢林中 他們?yōu)榱松姹黄炔扇O端行動 intheextreme極端 極度 非常 Hermannerwasfriendlyandwelcomingintheextreme 她的態(tài)度極其友好熱情 DetailedReading assume vt accept sth astruebeforethereisproof 我假定他說的是真的 Iassumedhisstorytobetrue Thereportwasassumedtobevalid Iassumedthatyoukneweachotherbecauseyouwenttothesameschool DetailedReading 這些動詞均含有 假設(shè) 猜想 推測 之意 指無根據(jù)地武斷推測或不合邏輯地推理 強調(diào)以過去經(jīng)驗或根據(jù)現(xiàn)實的某些感覺把某事認(rèn)定為是事實 常用詞 意義較廣泛 指缺乏確切事實 根據(jù)一些現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行推測 也可指為論證而提出合乎邏輯推理的某種假定 有時僅表示個人意見 Directions Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove Changetheformwherenecessary 1 Manyscientiststhenewdamagetotheforeststobetheresultofhigherlevelsofpollution 2 Ididn tseeyourcar soIyou dgoneout 3 Wehavenoreasontothatthegirlisdead assumed presumed suppose DetailedReading precise adj exactinform detail measurements time etc 就在我昏倒之時 他一把拉住了我 HecaughtmeattheprecisemomentthatIfainted Itwasdifficulttogetpreciseinformationonwhenthewarbrokeout NB 注意該詞的詞性變化 它的副詞形式 名詞形式與反義詞分別為 precisely precision和imprecise DetailedReading equivalent 美國的國會大致相當(dāng)于英國的議會 TheUSCongressisroughlyequivalenttotheBritishParliament ThereisnoEnglishequivalentfor bonapp tit sowehaveadoptedtheFrenchexpression 1 n sth thathasthesamevalue purpose function etc assth else 2 adj havingthesameamount value purpose qualities etc Ihadnodollars butofferedhimanequivalentamountofsterling DetailedReading viceversa usedtostatethatitisalsotruewiththemainitemsintheprecedingstatementtheotherwayround 男孩也許會拒絕與女孩一起玩 女孩也一樣 Theboysmayrefusetoplaywiththegirls andviceversa Hedoesn ttrusther andviceversa DetailedReading provide vt givesth tosomeoneormakeitavailabletothem becausetheyneeditorwantit 這本小冊子提供了當(dāng)?shù)馗黝惙?wù)的有用信息 Thisbookletprovidesusefulinformationaboutlocalservices Puttingmorepoliceonpatroldoesn tprovidearealsolutiontotheproblemofincreasingviolence Pattern providesb withsth providesth forsb Theprojectisdesignedtoprovideyoungpeoplewithwork 旅館為客人們提供擦鞋服務(wù) Thehotelprovidesashoe cleaningserviceforguests DetailedReading letalone nottomention muchless Wehavenohospital letaloneanisolationward Hehasn tenoughmoneyforfood letaloneamusements DetailedReading base 這個電影是以馬克 吐溫的小說為題材的 ThefilmisbasedonanovelbyMarkTwain Theirrelationshipwasbasedon uponmutualrespect 1 vt usu pass placeorestablish providewithabaseorcenter 2 n 1 thelowestpartofsomething esp thepartonwhichsomethingstands Thereisaholeinthebaseofthetree Thereisadooratthebaseofthetower 2 aplacewherepeopleinamilitaryorganizationliveandwork amilitarybase anavalbase 軍事基地 海軍基地 anairbase 空軍基地 DetailedReading Thelampstandsonacircularbase 落地?zé)粲蓤A形底座支撐 Someofthemilitarybasesonthisislandwerebuiltinthe19thcentury 這個島上的一些軍事基地建于19世紀(jì) Charitytowardothersisthebasisofherphilosophy 慈善待人是她人生觀的基點 Theearthquakeshookthefoundationsofthehouse 地震連屋基都震動了 Thosethoughtsrockedherbelieftoit