外文翻譯--機械工業(yè)近期行業(yè)技術(shù)發(fā)展重點

Mechanical industry in the near future profession technological development keyOne) Profession technological development present situationThe mechanical industry is provides the technical equip and the manner people for the national economy lives provides the durable consumable the equipment industry. The various branches and sectors of a national economy produce technical the progress and the economic efficiency height, is decided in the very great degree to it uses the performance and the quality which the machinery equips, the mechanical industry technical level is weighs a national science and technology level and one of economic potentiality important symbols.After the nearly 50 years development, the mechanical industry already became in our country industry to have the suitable scale and one of certain technology base most easy childbirths industry. In 1997 realized the sale to receive 1365100000000 Yuan, occupied the national industry 21%； The profit 25.7 billion Yuan, the tax 62.1 billion Yuan, separately occupy the national industry 15%； Exportation bringing in foreign exchange income 36.3 billion US dollars, account for the national foreign trade export amount 20%. Its development speed is higher than the same time industry the average rate of growth.In recent years, the mechanical industrial enterprise independent development innovation ability had the enhancement, in 1997 the technical personnel always amounted to 480,000 people, the technical development funds disbursement amounts to 8.5 billion Yuan, accounted for the entire profession sale income 0.62%, some 57 major industries have established the national level technology center, some 9% enterprise established the skill development organization, the profession overall technical level had the obvious progress, mainly displayed in: Provides the complete set technical equip and the automobile ability for the national economy has a bigger enhancement； The product structure is developing to the rationalization direction.Although the mechanical industry comprehensive technical level had the large scale enhancement in recent years, but compares with the industry developed country, still has the gradual disparity. The main question lies in:1. Advances in technology the technical progress factor which grow to the mechanical industry at present are only 34%, the advanced countries reaches as high as above 70%.2.Products designs technology, the manufacture craft and the equipment, the manufacture process automation technology, the management technology are backward, is the restriction mechanical product level primary factor.3. Mechanical products technical level is not high, achieved at the end of the 80s, at the beginning of the 90s the international advanced level only accounts for 18%, achieved the 80s intermediate stages international standard accounts for 27%, other products in 80s before level line.Looked from the overall that, mechanical industry technology development ability and technology base weak, the growth potential is insufficient； The technology originates the main dependence introduction overseas technology, depends on for existence to the overseas technology to be higher, to introduced technical the digestion absorption still to pause in grasps had the technology and enhances the domestic product rate on, has not risen to forms the product independent development ability and the technical innovation ability altitude.(2)Technological development overall goalBy the numerical control engine bed, the electric power electron application and the automated technology, the large-scale farm machinery and the construction machinery, the passenger vehicle essential technology, the environmental protection equip five aspects to take key, take develops and the application advanced manufacture technology as the method, changes into the breach by the high-tech and the product industry, take sharpens the enterprise technology innovation ability and the competitive ability as the goal, raises the enterprise technology innovation level. To 2001, provides 1,000 kinds to have the independent intellectual property rights and the bigger market demand potential product. The main product variety 40% achieved at the beginning of 90s international standard, 5% achieved the international advanced level, 90% key mainstay enterprise product standard approaches or achieves the international advanced enterprise standard.(3)Technological development direction and key1. Take the numerical control engine bed as representatives foundation machineryThe numerical control engine bed is the advanced manufacturing industry foundation machinery, is the most typical multi- varieties, the small batch, the high-tech content integration of machinery product. At present the world numerical control engine bed annual output surpasses 150,000, the variety surpasses 1,500 kinds. In 1997 our country numerical control engine bed output has reached 9,051 (to account for engine bed total output value above 20%), but because the domestically produced numerical control engine bed cannot satisfy the market demand, drops year by year in domestic market, still needed the massive imports numerical control engine bed every year, an import amount large scale increase. In 1996 imported reaches 13,924 (value 1.246 billion US dollars).At present in our country numerical control engine bed technological development exists the main question is:(1)The product maturity is bad, the reliability is not highOverseas numerical control system average non- fault time (MTBF) above 10,000 hours, domestic independent development numerical control system only 3,000 5,000 hours； Entire machine average non- breakdown operating time overseas amounts to above for 800 hours, the home best only has 300 hours.(2)The product variety are few, cannot satisfy the market demandThe overseas numerical control engine bed variety had achieved 1,500 kinds, domestic only have 500 many kinds of, also the performance capability low, high speed, is highly effective, the high accuracy product nearly does not have.(3)Innovates the ability to be low, the market competition strength is not strong.The production numerical control engine bed enterprise although reaches hundred, but the majority has not all been able to form the scale production, the enterprise benefit badly, innovation ability low, the production cost is high, the produce market competitive ability is not strong.(4) Tthe numerical control engine bed profession specialized spare parts and the part cooperation production necessary system is not perfect, the majority enterprise all is large and complete, is small and entire the structure pattern. In the near future our country in the numerical control engine bed development aspect, will have to adopt the track to be high-level, the development popularization, the expanded economy, popularization primarily strategy, prioritize:(1)The economy is suitable, the quantity big surface broad productEconomical suitable popularization numerical control lathe, processing center, numerical control milling machine.(2)High speed, is highly effective and special-purpose, the complete numerical control engine bedHigh speed, highly effective numerical control lathe and processing center； The highly effective numerical control forging and stamping outfit, including, may from move the ramming engine bed, the duplicate suitable flexible ramming center, four side knee bends machine and so on； Large-scale precision mold numerical control outfit, including numerical control imitating milling machine and Dragon Gate type numerical control milling machine, intellectualization electrical finishing tool and so on.(3) Numerical control engine bed specialization necessary systemNew generation of numerical control and servosystem series product； Numerical control engine bed high speed main axle, electricity main axle electrical machinery series product； Numerical control engine bed manipulator, knife storehouse and power tool rest series product； Numerical control engine bed high speed necessary spare part and auxiliary series product； Includes, high speed series product and so on ball bearing lead screw, high speed ceramic bearing, high speed protective equipment.Development goal:(1) Props up the key enterprise to develop the economy to be suitable, the quantity big surface broad numerical control engine bed and to form the volume production, enable these enterprise products the market share to have the distinct enhancement, becomes the famous brand goods；(2) Develops dozens of kinds high speed, is highly effective, special-purpose, the complete numerical control engine bed series new variety, satisfies profession the and so on automobile, farm machinery, aviation, mold demand； (3)Numerical control engine bed key necessary product: The numerical control system, meets the domestic numerical control engine bed 50% necessary need； High speed main axle and the electricity main axle annual production reaches thousand sets； The manipulator, the knife storehouse, the power tool rest and the numerical control engine bed high speed necessary spare part, the auxiliary series product meet the domestic 50% necessary need.2. Electric powers electrons application and automated technologyThe electric power electronic technology is the collection micro electron, the computer and the automated technology to a body comprehensive technology, conserves energy one of nodal wood best technologies. At present, the overseas electric power electronic mtechnology already developed take IGBT as representatives third generation, and to the intelligent electric power Electronic Age development, our country now still was in take the crystal thyratron as representatives second-generation. Domestic electric power electron market variety satisfying rate only 35%, the new produce market basically is seized by the overseas product.The field bus intelligence measuring appliance and the main line type automated test system is the collection automation technology, the computer technology and the communication to a body new generation of automated measuring appliance system, has become the world scope automation technological development the hot spot, is the present age industrial automation main symbol. Our country still was in by the simulation type measuring appliance system to the digital measuring appliance system transition modulus mixed style measuring appliance system stage, the level falls behind for 10 15 years, therefore also held 80% about share in the low technology produce market, but in high-tech produce market to 60%, the new produce market nearly all did not seize for the overseas product.Therefore, holds the current opportunity in 2 3 years by IGBT, the field bus intelligence measuring appliance and the automated test system are the breakthrough, attacks and captures the key technology and the product, and realizes the industry. This domain prioritize:(1) IGBT component and its equipment, high efficiency crystal thyratron and its equipment.Develops new generation of bipolar transistor IGBT, high efficiency crystal thyratron manufacture technology and so on high quality big electric current IGBT, and the development frequency conversion speeder, the inversion switching power supply, large capacity entire filters the source and so on the project application. (2)Field bus intelligence measuring applianceThe development development changes delivers, the execution, the necessary of the same kind field bus measuring appliance. The product industry technology development, and develops the demonstration project the applied research. (3) Automatically measures the meter system and the equipmentThe development main line type automated test system foundation product, forms the moderate scale, simultaneously establishes uses in the mechanical and electrical product and the work for the public good model automated test system, completes the demonstration and the promoted application. 3. Large-scale farm machinery and construction machinery(1)Farm machineryThe industry developed country farm machinery product unceasingly is using new technical in the foundation, to is being highly effective, the energy conservation, the protection agriculture environment direction develops. At present our country has been able to produce 14 is big kinds of, more than 3,000 varieties farm machinery products, but the product comprehensive technical level is only equal to the overseas 70s level. The main question lies in:1)The product level is not high, variety not entire synthesis technology economic indicator backward, reliability bad, the life is short. Take the tractor as the example, the MTBF value overseas may amount to above for 330 hours, but our country only 100 hours. In variety: Large-scale lacks, small is mixed, inadequate series. 2) The product production achieved the economical scale few, the repetition production, the small-scale production, guarantee the quality with difficulty.Farm machinery domain prioritize: 1) Promotes the agricultural production industry large and middle scale tractors and the necessary farm tool tractor average non- fault time enhances from 110 hours to 300 hours above； 2) The combine combine reliable coefficient from 0.5 0.7 enhances to 0.9 above； 3)The main agricultural products processing machinery (contains drying to store in a storehouse machinery) the countryside industry and the mid-west area escapes from poverty becomes rich the need agricultural product deeply to process the machinery； 4) Will save water irrigates the equipment to spurt, the drip irrigation equipment irrigates the water the effective use factor 40% to enhance from big Shui Manguan to 80% above.The farm machinery product use reliability and the life target generally enhance above a time, the main product technical standard and the international standard connect rails. (2) Construction machineryThe construction machinery is the national economy big-scale work project construction must essential equipment. Our country has initially had 16 big kinds, more than 3,100 varieties specifications product productivity, the partial products started to enter the international market. But compares with the national economy development request and the international advanced level, the disparity is very big. One is the product comprehensive technical level is not high, in particular target as well as the integration of machinery and so on product quality, life, reliability, security comfortableness and so on the high-tech application and the overseas advanced level also have the very big disparity； Two is the product constitutive property short, the complete set serviceability bad, far cannot meet the needs, if the road surface construction machinery basically also must depend on the import； Three is the majority of enterprises production scale is small, is restricting the profession economic efficiency further enhancement.Construction machinery prioritize:1)Bulldozer, hydraulic pressure excavator, wheeled car loader；2)Autohoist, large-scale forklift； 3) Paver, bulldozer； 4)Not excavates type pipelining machine； 5)Rivers and streams lake storehouse clear silt equipment.Development goal: The big-scale work mechanical reliability target achieved 400 hours, the life target amounts to for 10,000 hours. 4.Passenger vehicles essential technologiesOur country automobile industry for a long time take the truck as the main product, after the reform and open policy, the passenger vehicle product obtained the fast development. In 1998 the passenger vehicle output achieved 520,000.Our country automobile industry existence main question:(1) The building redundant project is serious, creates the disorderly competition, strongly forms the strength with difficulty, the display scale benefit. (2) The independent development ability is weak, majority enterprise 95 period still stressed to produces the link to carry on the transformation, has not nearly invested including the most chinese-foreign joint venture spare parts enterprise to the product development ability construction. At present, domestic still did not have the independent development ability to the passenger vehicle product, the integration of machinery high-tech spare part product also had to introduce the technology. In the near future passenger vehicle prioritize:(1)Economy passenger vehicleTake the passenger vehicle automobile body as the breach, using the technique trade union, cooperates and so on the way with the overseas company, first stresses the automobile body union development, and the establishment economy passenger vehicle public design database, with technical union and so on the CAS, CAD, CAE, CAM, forms our country automobile industry in the economy passenger vehicle aspect independent development ability. (2)The passenger vehicle power always becomesThe digestion absorption introduction technology, with overseas has the strength the enterprise to carry on the joint capital, the cooperation, the unit exploitation, popularizes the electrically controlled technology on the domestically produced gasoline engine (EMS), and in the research development cylinder straight spurts (GDI) the technology, the development application electrically controlled mechanical variable speed drive (AMT) the technology. (3)Passenger vehicle essential spare partTake the integration of machinery automobile electron part as the breach, from the introduction technology, pools capital to obtain, while guaranteed the high beginning, the mass, specialized production, must concentrate the strength to grasp the next generation new product the development to develop and to apply, the key point is electrically controlled guards against hugs dies the braking system (ABS), the security aerocyst (Air Bag), the highly effective stable automobile exhaust three Yuan catalyses switches, and achieved or develops in advance with entire vehicle synchronization. (4)High attachment value special-purpose automobile and passenger trainKey develops each kind of high performance special-purpose chassis. To special-purpose automobile by vehicles and desert cross country vehicles primarily； The passenger train by the low floor city passenger train primarily, the request has the good power, the maneuverability, comfortableness and the low pollution. 5. Environmental protections equipmentsThe environmental protection industry is prevents and controls the environmental pollution, the improvement ecological environment, the promotion resources optimization disposition, the support resources comprehensive utilization pillar industry. World environmental protection machinery year sales volume approximately 200 billion US dollars, concentrate to US, economical developed country and so on Ou Zhou, Japan. Our country environmental protection mechanical profession foundation is weak, starts late, annual production only more than 10 billion Renminbi. Takes day by day along with all quarters facing the environmental protection, the sustainable developmental strategy implementation, the market demand unceasingly grows, the environmental protection machinery will become the mechanical industry new economy growth spot.The environmental protection mechanical profession main disparity lies in: (1)The product structure is unreasonable, the variety are fewThe primary product accounts for the proportion in a big way, has the contemporary level the integration of machinery product to be few, the urgent need large-scale complete set of equipment cannot satisfy the realistic market demand. In the present 3,000 many kinds of environmental protections mechanical products, approximately some 1/5 product as a result of reason and so on performance, reliability, serviceability, structural design, should limit the production or eliminate by a set time. The large-scale haze desulphurization,the complete set of equipment, the large-scale city sewage treatment plant complete set of equipment, the large-scale town refuse processing factory complete set of equipment at present the main dependent import, the highly concentrated organic waste water, is difficult to degrade the industrial waste processing technology and the equipment development is slow. (2)The product quality, the technical level compared to the international advanced level to fall behind for 20 years.Quite many products do not have the profession or the national standard, the product specification model, the basic performance parameter are not unified, the quality examination does not have the basis.(3) The production enterprise scale small, the development ability is weakThe scale is small, the equipment condition difference, examination method not entire mid- and small-scale enterprise accounts for the entire profession total number of enterprises 78%. The annual nproduction only occupies the entire profession in 30 million Yuan above enterprise 3.2%, and mainly concentrates in the electric precipitator, the bag type dust remover and so on the minority several kind of products realm of production. In the near future environmental protection mechanical prioritize: (1)Haze sweetenerIn circulation fluid bed boiler and stove desulphurization technology (CFPBC, PFBC technology), large-scale overall gasification fuel gas steam union circulation technology and equipment (IGCC technology). (2)City sewage treatment complete set of equipmentThe active sludge law, the oxidation ditch law, the motion law for the main body city sewage treatment complete set of equipment, process 10 250,000 tons sewage treatment plants take the date as a goal, provides the sewage treatment complete set of equipment, the sludge use and the handling complete set of equipment, the control and the monitor system. (3City solid garbage disposal and comprehensive utilization equipmentThe city life trash classification, burns down, the compost technology and the equipment, processes 100 tons, 300 ton processing factories take the date as the goal, provides the garbage disposal outfit. (4)Environmental monitoring instrumentPortable multi-purpose multi- parameters water quality monitor meter, 12 kind of total quantity control pollutant monitor meter, atmosphericenvironment pollution monitor instrument and system as well as water treatment process automatic control system and so on. Enhances the product scale, the level, the reliability and the precision. Essential target:(1) The large-scale complete set of equipment domestic product rate achieves above 70%； The general engineering project equipment domestic product rate achieves above 90%； The highly concentrated organic waste water and is difficult to degrade the industrial waste processing technology and the complete set of equipment domestic product rate achieves above 80%. (2) The general environmental protection machinery 60% above product achieved at the beginning of the 90s the level, 5% 10% product achieves the contemporary international standard. (3) Develops the new product variety, develops above the new product 200 kinds.機械工業(yè)近期行業(yè)技術(shù)發(fā)展重點一）行業(yè)技術(shù)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀機械工業(yè)是為國民經(jīng)濟提供技術(shù)裝備和為人民生活提供耐用消費品的裝備產(chǎn)業(yè)。國民經(jīng)濟各部門生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步和經(jīng)濟效益的高低，在很大程度上取決于它所采用機械裝備的性能和質(zhì)量，機械工業(yè)的技術(shù)水平是衡量一個國家科技水平和經(jīng)濟實力的重要標(biāo)志之一。經(jīng)過近50年的發(fā)展，機械工業(yè)已經(jīng)成為我國工業(yè)中具有相當(dāng)規(guī)模和一定技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)的最大產(chǎn)業(yè)之一。1997年實現(xiàn)銷售收入13651億元，占全國工業(yè)的21%；利潤257億元，稅621億元，分別占全國工業(yè)的15%；出口創(chuàng)匯363億美元，占全國外貿(mào)出口額的20%。其發(fā)展速度高于同期工業(yè)的平均增長速度。近年來，機械工業(yè)企業(yè)自主 發(fā)創(chuàng) 能力有所增 ，1997年科技人 48 人，技術(shù) 發(fā)經(jīng)費 出 85億元，占全行業(yè)銷售收入的0.62%，有57家大 企業(yè) 國家技術(shù)中 ，有9%的企業(yè) 門技術(shù) 發(fā)機 ，行業(yè) 技術(shù)水平有 進(jìn)步，主要 現(xiàn)在 為國民經(jīng)濟提供成 技術(shù)裝備和 的能力有 大提高；產(chǎn)品 發(fā)展。機械工業(yè)的 技術(shù)水平近年有 大度提高，currency1工業(yè)發(fā) 國家相，“在fi性的fl 。主要在于 1科技進(jìn)步機械工業(yè)增長的 ”為34%，進(jìn)國家高 70%上。2產(chǎn)品 技術(shù) 工裝備 過程自 技術(shù) 技術(shù)，是 機械產(chǎn)品水平的主要 。3機械產(chǎn)品技術(shù)水平高， 80年 90年 國進(jìn)水平的”占18%， 80年 中期國水平的占27%，其產(chǎn)品均在80年 的水平 上。上 ，機械工業(yè)技術(shù) 發(fā)能力和技術(shù)基礎(chǔ) ，發(fā)展 ；技術(shù)來 主要進(jìn)國外技術(shù)，國外技術(shù)的 度 高， 進(jìn)技術(shù)的消 收“ 在 已有技術(shù)和提高國產(chǎn) 上，有上 成產(chǎn)品自主 發(fā)能力和技術(shù)創(chuàng) 能力的高度。）技術(shù)發(fā)展的 標(biāo) 機 力用自 技術(shù)大 業(yè)機械和 工機械 技術(shù) 裝備 個 為重點，發(fā)展和用進(jìn) 技術(shù)為fi，高 技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)業(yè)為 口，提高企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng) 能力和力為標(biāo)，提高企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng) 水平。2001年，提供1000具有自主 產(chǎn) 和 大 需求潛力的產(chǎn)品。主要產(chǎn)品品的40% 90年 國水平，5% 國進(jìn)水平，90%的重點骨干企業(yè)產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)接近或 國進(jìn)企業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。三）技術(shù)發(fā)展的 和重點1 機 為 的基礎(chǔ)機械機 是進(jìn) 業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)機械，是最典 的多品小批量高技術(shù)含量的機一產(chǎn)品。世界 機 年產(chǎn)量超過15 臺，品超過1500。1997年我國 機 產(chǎn)量已 9051臺 占機 產(chǎn)值20%上），由于國產(chǎn) 機 能滿 需求，在國內(nèi) 上的占有逐年下降，每年“需大量進(jìn)口 機 ，進(jìn)口額度大度增加。1996年進(jìn)口 13924臺 價值12.46億美元）。我國 機 技術(shù)發(fā)展中在的主要是 1）產(chǎn)品成熟度fl，可 性高國外 系統(tǒng)平均無故障時間 MTBF）在10000小時上，國內(nèi)自主 發(fā)的 系統(tǒng)”30005000小時； 機平均無故障工 時間國外 800小時上，國內(nèi)最好只有300小時。2）產(chǎn)品品少，能滿 需求國外 機 品已 1500，國內(nèi)只有500多,且性能水平低，高速高效高精度產(chǎn)品乎有。3）創(chuàng) 能力低， 力 生產(chǎn) 機 的企業(yè)雖 百家，大多 都未能成規(guī)模生產(chǎn)，企業(yè)效益fl，創(chuàng) 能力低， 成本高，產(chǎn)品 能力 。4） 機 行業(yè)的 業(yè) 零配件部件的協(xié) 生產(chǎn)配 系健全，大多 企業(yè)都是“大而全小而全”的 模式。近期我國在 機 的發(fā)展 ，要采取跟蹤高 發(fā)展普 擴大經(jīng)濟 ，普 為主的策略，重點發(fā)展 1）經(jīng)濟適用量大 廣的產(chǎn)品經(jīng)濟適用的普 加工中 銑 。2）高速高效和 用成 機 高速高效 加工中 ；高效 鍛壓成 裝備，其中包括，可自換頭沖壓機 復(fù) 式柔性沖壓中 四邊折彎機等；大 精密模具 成 裝備，其中包括 仿銑 龍門式 銑 智能 加工機 等。3） 機 業(yè) 配 系統(tǒng)一 伺服系統(tǒng)系列產(chǎn)品； 機 高速主軸主軸機系列產(chǎn)品； 機 機械刀庫力刀架系列產(chǎn)品； 機 高速配 零部件輔件系列產(chǎn)品；其中