定語從句講解PPT圖表.ppt

定語從句Thebestwayyoucanget TheAttributiveClause 基礎知識 Complexsentence復合句 由連詞連接兩個或多個主謂結構的句子 其中一個主謂結構是句子的主要部分 主句 另一個或一個以上的主謂結構只在句子中作某個成分 如主語 賓語 表語 定語 狀語 同位語 復合句 主句 定語從句 一個主謂結構是句子的主要部分 主句 另一個或一個以上的主謂結構只在句子中作某個成分 定語 Thestudents whodonotstudyhard willnotpasstheexam 主句主語 從句主語 從句謂語結構 主句謂語結構 定語從句 是指在復合句中 修飾或的從句 被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫做 引導定語從句的詞叫 基礎知識 名詞 代詞 先行詞 關系詞 HowmanykindsofAttributiveClausesarethere 基礎知識 定語從句 TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定語從句 TheNon RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定語從句 基礎知識 引導定語從句的關系詞 指代人指代事物所屬關系指地點指時間指原因 who whom thatwhich thatwhose ofwhichwherewhenwhy 關系代詞 關系副詞 基礎知識 Jointhefollowingsentences Aplaneisamachine Themachinecanfly 關系代詞的實質 Jointhefollowingsentences Aplaneisamachine Themachinecanfly Aplaneiscanfly 關系代詞的實質 amachine themachine Jointhefollowingsentences Aplaneisamachine Themachinecanfly Aplaneiscanfly 關系代詞的實質 amachine that which 關系代詞的實質 Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday 關系代詞的實質 Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayisMary her Thegirl 關系代詞的實質 Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayisMary her Thegirl 關系代詞的實質 Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayisMary her Thegirl 關系代詞的實質 Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayisMary her Thegirl 關系代詞的實質 Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayisMary her Thegirl 關系代詞的實質 Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayisMary her Thegirl 關系代詞的實質 Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayisMary her Thegirl 關系代詞的實質 Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayisMary that who whom Thegirl 注意避免重復 Correctthemistakes 1 Underthebigtreeare34students manyofthemcomefromclasstwo 2 Mymotherhasagoodbook whichcoverlooksterrible 3 Thisistheverypenthatyougaveittomebefore 4 Thereisanoldwoman thatisholdingastick whom whose it who 在句子中作定語 修飾名詞或代詞的從句 這種從句由關系代詞或關系副詞引導 并作句子成分 定語從句還叫做嵌入句 因形容詞定語 所以又稱之為形容詞性從句 Attributiveclause 定語從句的位置 通常在先行詞 在主句中 后 定語從句的引導詞 關系代詞 關系副詞 指人 指物 who 主語 賓語 whom 賓語 that 主語 賓語 whose 定語 that 主語 賓語 which 主語 賓語 whose 定語 where 地點狀語 when 時間狀語 why 原因狀語 Attributiveclause 限制性定語從句restrictive 非限制性定語從句non restrictive 是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語 如果去掉 主句的意思就不完整或失去意義 這種從句和主句關系十分密切 寫時不用逗號分開 和主句關系不很密切 只是對先行詞作些附加說明 如果去掉 主句的意思仍然清楚 這種從句 寫時往往逗號分開 Iwastheonlypersonwhowasinvited inmyoffice Jenny withwhomIplayedtabletennisyesterday livesinmynextroom Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain ThatisMr Wang whosedaughterteachesEnglishatamiddleschool 注意 引導非限制性定語從句的關系代詞不可用that 指人時用who 主語 whom 賓語 指物時須用which 考點一 如何判定用關系代詞還是用關系副詞 1 找出定語從句中是否主語和賓語都齊全 如齊全用關系副詞 用什么關系副詞看先行詞 Iwillneverforgetthedays Istayedwithyou when JurassicParkisaboutapark averyrichmankeepsdifferentKindsofdinosaurs where 1958wastheyear Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm Pleasegivemethereason youmadesuchagreatsuccess when why Morningisthebesttime youpractisereadingaloud when Doyourememberthelake youfirstmetyourgirlfriend where 2 如定語從句中缺賓語 確定定語從句的謂語動詞是不是及物動詞 如是 用關系代詞 如不是 用關系副詞 考點一 如何判定用關系代詞還是用關系副詞 Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse thegreatwriterusedtolive where inwhich Thehouse theybuiltin1987 stayedupintheearthquake whichthat Luckilynoneofthepeople Iknow werekilledintheearthquake whowhomthat Myfatherwasbornintheyear theSecondWorldWarbrokeout inwhich when 3 如定語從句中謂語結構是被動結構 有主語 則用關系副詞 Kunmingisabeautifulplace flowersareseenalltheyearround where October1stistheday newChinawasfounded when Thewindow wasopenedthismorning hasbeenbroken Whichthat Themeeting willbeheldnextweek isveryimportant Whichthat 考點一 如何判定用關系代詞還是用關系副詞 考點二 that和which的選擇 1 that指物時一般可以與which互換 但在下列情況引導詞只用that 不用which 當先行詞為all much little few none something anything everything nothing等不定代詞時 如 a Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone b Iamsureshehassomething that youcanborrow c Thereislittle that theenemycandobesidessurrender 先行詞被all every no some any little much修飾時 I vereadallthebooks that yougaveme 考點二 that和which的選擇 先行詞是序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時 Thisisthebestbook that I veeverread Thisisthefirstcomposition that hehaswritteninEnglish 先行詞被theonly thevery thelast修飾時 Thatwhitefloweristheonlyone that Ireallylike Thisistheverybook that Iwanttofind 當有兩個或兩個以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時 這個定語從句要用that而不用who whom 和which引導 如 Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools that hehadvisited 先行詞是疑問詞who which what時 定語從句用that而不用who whom 和which引導 考點二 that和which的選擇 Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis Whatthatisonthetablebelongstome 當關系代詞在從句中作表語時 Maryisnolongerthegirl that sheusedtobe Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe Which可以引導非限定性定語從句 可用于介詞后 其先行詞可是一個詞 也可是整個主句或主句的某一部分 1Sheheardaterriblenoise broughtherheartintohermouth A itB whichC thisD that2 Theweatherturnedouttobegood wasmorethanwecouldexpect A whatB whichC thatD it 考點二 that和which的選擇 2 只用which的情況 B B 考點三 as與which引導的定語從句 對這兩個詞作如下歸納 1 如果定語放主句后 即引用as也可以用which Hefailedtotheexam as which isnatural Sheseemsascientist as which infactsheis Grammarisnotadeadrule which as Ihavesaidbefore 2 如果從句在主句前 這時要用as而不用which引導定語從句 如 Asweallknow hisparentswerekilledinthewar Asweallknow theearthisround 3 用于thesame as such as as as so as 中 一般用as e g Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday 4 as代表前面主句意思時 有 正如 之意 而which沒有此意思 從句中的動詞常是expect know see think want suppose等 Hewonthematch aswehadexpected Heagreedtotheplan aswastobeexpected Thepolicewerelookingforhim ashethought 考點三 as與which引導的定語從句 Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift 5 as在從句中作主語時 后面常接行為動詞的被動語態(tài) 如beknown besaid bereported等 如從句中行為動詞是主動語態(tài) 一般要用which作主語 e g Shehasbeenlateagain aswasexpected Tomhasmadegreatprogress whichmadeushappy 6 如果從句的內容對主句內容起著消極作用 或者說導致的結果 則用which a Hecheatedhisfriendofmachmoney whichwasverydisgraceful b Hecamebacklate whichmadehismotherworried 考點三 as與which引導的定語從句 考點四 關系代詞前介詞的確定 如何選定介詞 1 根據從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關系 請體會 e g Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles 2 根據從句中動詞或形容詞的習慣搭配 如 e g CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI msure 3 根據先行詞與介詞的搭配習慣 請體會 e g 1949wastheyearinwhichtheP R C wasfounded 4 非限制性定與從句中 要表示先行詞的一部分時 可用 數詞 代詞 of 關系代詞 的結構 如 e g Thereare50studentsinourclass two thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing 5 Whose從句可轉換為 of 關系代詞 型 如 e g Theyliveinahouse whosedooropenstothesouth Theylivedinahouse ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth Theylivedinahouse thedoorofwhichopentothesouth 考點四 關系代詞前介詞的確定 關系副詞when where why可以用適當的介詞 which來替代 如 when in on at which where in on at which why for which介詞的位置非常靈活 有時放在關系代詞之前 有時放在動詞之后 eg 1 Iwon tforgetthedatewhen onwhich Iwasborn 2 Thisistheroomwhere inwhich Ilived ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin 3 Idon tknowthereasonwhy forwhich hehaven tcometoday 4 Tomstillremembersthedayswhen inwhich theylivedinTianjin 考點四 關系代詞前介詞的確定 思考 是否所有的介詞 關系代詞都能用關系副詞代替 Thepainting Ilooked waspaintedbyme atwhich Thebook Iheard waswrittentwentyyearsago aboutwhich Thepen shewrotethatbook cannowbeseeninamuseum withwhich Kunmingisabeautifulplace flowersareseenalltheyearround where inwhich Iwillneverforgottheday Ifirstmetyouontheship onwhich when duringwhich Thefilm Ifellasleep wasveryboring 結論 只有當介詞 關系代詞充當地點狀語 時間狀語或原因狀語時 才能用關系副詞代替 Correctthesentences 1 I musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday 2 Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin 3 ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada 4 July1 1999isthedaywhenwe llneverforget 去掉 theone to which 5 Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous that 5 Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom 6 Thestudentwho sbookIhadborroweddidn tcometoschooltoday 7 Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory 8 Itistheoneofthebestfilmswhichhavebeenshownrecently 9 ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou10 Whichisknowntoall manysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky as Whose that that that As 能力提高 Correctthesentences 1 I musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday 2 ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada 3 July1 1999isthedaywhenwe llneverforget to that 4 I mgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme 5 Thosethathaven tbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate which who Correctthesentences 6 ThisisthelasttimewhenI vegivenyoulessons 7 Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable that why Correctthesentences 8 MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswhogiveuswonderfulEnglishlessonsinourschool gives Correctthesentences 9 Taiwan thatweknow belongstoChina 10 ThebikebywhichItravelledwashis as on Correctthesentences 練習題 1 All isusefultousisgood A whichB whatC thatD whether C 2 Isthisfactory wevisitedlastweek A whereB thatC whichD theone D 3 Shewillneverforgettheday shespentinBeijing A whenB whatC whichD why C 4 Thisistheschool myfatherworked20yearsago A thatB whenC whichD where D 5 Thisistheveryfactory wevisitedlastyear A thatB whichC whatD theone A 6 Thetextisoneofthemostinterestingstories learntinthepastthreedays A thathaveB thathavebeenC whichhasD whichhasbeen B 7 Thecollegewon ttakeanyone eyesightisweak A whoB whoseC ofwhomD which B 8 Letmethinkofapropersituation thissentencecanbeused A whereB thatC ofwh