【步步高】（廣東專用）高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞導(dǎo)學(xué)案 北師大版(1).doc

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一、不定式1作主語(yǔ)it is right to give up smoking.2作賓語(yǔ)i find it interesting to study history.3作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)he asked me to work with him.4作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面需有相應(yīng)的介詞。please give me a knife to cut with.但是，不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time，place，way，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上省去。he had no money and no place to live.當(dāng)作定語(yǔ)的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式既可以用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但其含義有所不同。試比較：have you anything to send？(不定式to send的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是“你”)have you anything to be sent？(不定式to be sent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是“我”或“別人”)5作狀語(yǔ)，表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件he hurried to the school only to find nobody there.(結(jié)果)6作表語(yǔ)my job is to help the patient.7作獨(dú)立成分to tell the truth，i dont agree with you.二、動(dòng)名詞1動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞ing構(gòu)成，否定形式為not doing，具有動(dòng)詞和名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中起名詞作用，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)等。(1)作主語(yǔ)running is good for your health.(2)作表語(yǔ)her job is teaching.(3)作賓語(yǔ)i avoided seeing him.we dont allow smoking here.(4)作定語(yǔ)he has a reading room.2動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)如果動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是無(wú)生命的名詞時(shí)，用普通格。3動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)分一般式和完成式兩種。we are interested in playing chess.如果動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，通常用動(dòng)名詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)。im sorry for not having kept my promise.主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作的對(duì)象時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。he likes being helped.i dont remember having ever been given a chance to do it.三、分詞1分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)(1)分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞，其否定形式為not分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞有一般式和完成式。being a student，he was interested in books.having studied in it for three years，he knows the university very well.(2)現(xiàn)在分詞有一般式和完成式，且有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。the question being discussed is important.having been criticized by the teacher，li ming gave up smoking.2分詞的用法(1)作定語(yǔ)分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在被修飾的名詞之后；單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在被修飾的名詞之前。the man standing by the window is our teacher.注意：a.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有先有后，一般不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，要用定語(yǔ)從句。the teacher criticized the student who had broken the window.b現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式與被動(dòng)式一般都不能用作前置定語(yǔ)，而用作后置定語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作或是在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，或是沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間性。this is a book written by a famous chinese writer.如果指的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生或是與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，可用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式作定語(yǔ)。we must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.(2)作狀語(yǔ)分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。the teacher stood there，surrounded by the students.分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。如果分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用doing表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，用having done表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如果分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用done強(qiáng)調(diào)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用having been done。表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可由連接詞while或when引出。while unfinished，the painting looked ugly.當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不同時(shí)，分詞前必須加上自己的主語(yǔ)，此結(jié)構(gòu)被稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。time permitting，ill finish another lesson.(3)作表語(yǔ)my hobby is collecting stamps.(4)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)we saw the teacher making the experiment.1lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _ with her stories.(2010上海，33)aamused bamusingcto amuse dto be amused2that is the only way we can imagine _ the overuse of water in students bathrooms.(2010上海，40)areducing bto reducecreduced dreduce3he had a wonderful childhood，_with his mother to all corners of the world.(2010安徽，30)atravel bto travelctraveled dtraveling4dina，_for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(2010湖南，26)astruggling bstruggledchaving struggled dto struggle一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1_(equip) himself with necessary knowledge and skills，the young man went to the job market with much confidence. 2.on aids day，the minister of health department demanded that the problems _(refer) to be paid special attention to.3every evening after dinner，if not _(tire) from work，i will spend some time walking my dog.4im really hungry now.thats because you have left your lunch _(untouch)5he looked around and caught a man _(put) his hand into a passengers pocket.二、單項(xiàng)填空1when _ again，the suspect had to admit that he had kidnapped a child and sold him.aquestion bquestioningcquestioned dto question2_ to his research work，the professor cared little about any other things.adevoting bdevotedchaving devoted dto devote3if _ the same treatment again，he is sure to get well.agiving bgivecbeing given dgiven4we hurried there _ a note pinned on the door，_ us of the postponement of the meeting.ato find；to informbfinding；informedconly to find；informingdfound；inform5on august 12,2009 typhoon morakot swept across taiwan island，_a lot of villages _.aleft；damaged bleaving；damagingcleaving；damaged dleft；damaging6our house _ white，we like it better.apainted bhas been paintedcpainting dis painted7there was an oil painting _ in the corner.it _ there for several days.alaying；had laid blain；had laidclying；had lain dlaid；had been lain8he picked up an envelope _ 50 dollars in it.acontaining bcontainedcwhich contains dwhich was contained9so far nobody has claimed the money_in the library.adiscovered bto be discoveredcdiscovering dhaving discovered10all of them try to use the power of the workstation _ information in a more effective way.apresenting bpresentedcbeing presented dto present答案感悟高考1aamuse是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“使發(fā)笑”，在“keeps her colleagues _”中her colleagues與amuse構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選a。2b此處應(yīng)該用不定式the way to do sth.表示“做的途徑、方式”；we can imagine作定語(yǔ)，前面省略了that。3d句意為：他有一個(gè)非常美好的童年，那時(shí)他跟著他的媽媽周游世界。從句意看他和旅游之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，又因?yàn)閔e had a wonderful childhood是一個(gè)完整的句子，故選d。4c句意為：dina，奮斗了幾個(gè)月，想找個(gè)做女服務(wù)員的工作，最后在當(dāng)?shù)匾患覐V告社謀到了一個(gè)職位。此題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)，因dina與struggle之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且struggle發(fā)生在took之前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式作定語(yǔ)。領(lǐng)悟語(yǔ)法一、1.having equipped2.referred3.tired4.untouched5putting二、1.cquestion與主句的主語(yǔ)the suspect之間是動(dòng)賓即被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用其過(guò)去分詞形式作狀語(yǔ)。2bdevote是及物動(dòng)詞，常用結(jié)構(gòu)devote oneself to.，所以devote與句子的主語(yǔ)the professor構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用其過(guò)去分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)。3dgive與主語(yǔ)he之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用其過(guò)去分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)。4c動(dòng)詞不定式only to do表示意想不到的結(jié)果；inform與其邏輯主語(yǔ)a note是主謂即主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用其現(xiàn)在分詞形式作定語(yǔ)。5cleave的邏輯主語(yǔ)是前面句子所指代的內(nèi)容，它們之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用leaving作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)；而damage與villages之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用damaged作賓補(bǔ)。6a后面的句子被逗號(hào)與前一部分隔開(kāi)，所以斷定逗號(hào)前應(yīng)該用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，而our house與paint之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。7clying的原形是lie，其過(guò)