巖土工程施工中關(guān)于深基坑支護(hù)的研究.docx

附錄2外文資料ThestudywithregardtodeepfoundationpitduringgeotechnicalengineeringconstructionAt present of the rock engineering,the excavation of deep foundationand supporting structurerelate tothe engineering geology,engineeringstructure,building materials,construction technologyetc.Because supporting structureis composed ofseveralindependent functionsystem. Regardless of the overallfunctional structure designand construction organization. Itshouldstart to eachpart coordination to ensure safe, reliable,economical and reasonable.This essay mainly analyzes thedeep foundation supportingproblems andof geotechnical engineering construction.Keywords:Geotechnical engineering;Deep excavation; Supporting; BuildingconstructionThe foundation engineeringis a practicalandvery strong empiricallydiscipline. In the actual construction, we need facemore and moredeepfoundation trend. Especially theincreaseofenvironmental protection requirements on nowadays. We need morerigorous scientificattitudeto treat thedeep foundation support. The article will discuss deep foundationsupporting about the common problemsand the countermeasures in this context studying.The author hopes sum upandimprove the technical levelin the future engineering practiceconstantly, and makes contribution for thedevelopment of theory and practice ofdeep foundation pit engineering.There are problems in the construction of deep foundation pit support.1.sloping repairis not up to the standardof over breakand under breakphenomenoninconstruction of deep foundation pitin the actualrequirements. These areaffected by theconstruction managementis not in place andthe manipulatoroperation leveland other factors. Itmakes the slopesurfacemechanical excavationtheflatnessand straightnessof irregular,and the artificialrepairsanddue to the limitation ofnotfor the depth of excavation. Itoften appearsretaining paymentof over breakandunder break phenomenon.These are more commondeficiencyin the constructionof deep foundation pit support engineering.2.The differences between the construction process and constructiondesignofdeep foundation pitengineering construction. Deep mixingcementpileare often inadequate, this will affect cement-soil retaining Gongman change and then make thecement soilcracks. In addition,in the actual construction,shoddyphenomenonis not uncommon,the designof excavationdeep foundation pit excavationprogramoftenonrequestto reduce the deformation of bracing anddrawing. Butin actual construction,it oftenregardless ofthese patterns,rob progress,diagramoflocalbenefit.ThiscageengravedmasterwillcauseJerryphenomenon.Deepexcavation is a space problem.The traditional deep foundation pit supporting structure design istreated as planestrain problem.The problemofspacebefore the treatmentand required bytheplane stressmomentsectiondesignin failed. The structure of the supporting structureshould be adjusted to adapt to the requirements of thespaceeffect ofexcavation.This pointin the designand actual construction isbigger. It also need high value.3.The soil excavation and slope supporting do not form a complete set of earthwork excavation technology including leads,so the organization managementis easy.Whileretainingthehigh technical content,construction organizationandmanagement are morecomplex about earthwork excavation.So in the actual construction process, the large engineering is completed bya professional construction team usually. And the vast majority aretwo parallelcontract.So,in the construction of harmoniousmanagement are very difficult. Earthwork construction units tograb progress,drag period,open bidding andares sequenceis chaotic,especiallypropose anotherperiod ofconstruction,and even regardless of retainingconstructionwork required for thesurface,leaving afirstsupporting constructionsurfaceis almostunable to operate,timecan not be completed.Nursingwork,the underground constructionproject belongs to the geotechnical engineering,qualification does not limit strictly,foundation pit engineeringsub contractis more common, some construction unitsdo not have thetechnical conditions. In pursuit of profits and modify on engineering design,broadssafety degree.Siting managementconfusion, resulting in danger,notthe information constructionand dynamic management.This is one ofproblems in deep foundation pit supportconstruction.Implementation strategies of deep excavation in geotechnical engineering:Change the traditional deep excavation engineering design.In recent years,our country hasaccumulated a lot of experience really in deep excavation technology and worked out the laws of rock supporting changes in the actual hook stretched preliminarily. For building the sound new theories and methods of deep foundation pit supporting structure design to lay a good foundation. But forrock and soilof retaining structure of deep foundation pitdesignandconstruction method ofpractical trainingis stillin the process of learning and discussing. And at present there is no unifiedsupport structure design normsandsocksbetter.The distribution of earth pressure according toKulunor Rankinetheory to determine,retaining pilesare still using equivalent beam methodto calculate.These oldcalculation theory ofthe calculated results with thesupporting structure of deep foundation pit and the actual stressof large difference,neither safe nor economic.Therefore,the constructionof retaining structure of deep foundation pitdesignshould notusethe traditionalload structuremethod,but it shouldchange the traditional design idea completely, and establishinformation dynamic gradually to feedbackdesignsystem based on the construction monitoringoriented.2. Pay attention to observe deformationandremedy timely.Geotechnicalengineering ofdeep foundation pit supporting structureobservation of deformation includes:Viewing of the pit slope deformation.,observation ofdeformation,surrounding buildingsand underground pipelines.Over the monitoring data can be analyzed in a timelymanner and to keep abreast of earth excavation and support design in the practical application case. Analyzing the existence of deviation can understand deformed condition of the soil excavation and earthwork excavation as well as the impact of the settlement of the case, such as deformation of underground pipelines.The deviationin designing,correctingdesign of the trainingparameterstimelyinthelowerconstruction,theconstructionsitetotakeappropriateremedialandcontrolmeasures.Therefore,requireon-sitedeformationo bservationdatamustbe accurateand reliable.And In strict accordance with the requirements of the deformation observers carefully measuring predetermined design side, serious and responsible to ensure quality of the observation.If you find anomalies in the actual measurement, youneed to take immediate measures to prevent it and its evil once large deformation or sliding, immediately analyze the main reason to make reliable reinforcement design and construction programs that work quickly and reinforcement effectively prevent the deformation or sliding continue to develop. Norms as well as local and regional research and application engineering experience have been the excavation industry. For currently used by experts in the form of major domestic complicated excavation of the project to ensure safety. Reduce the cost effective and realistic approach.3.Construction quality of drawing excavation all the way.Geotechnical construction deep excavation lies process control. If control link of construction process has some problems,it will be difficult to correct and repair. So the penalty door must be strictly control the construction process management to insure the quality ofconstruction.附錄3中文翻譯巖土工程施工中關(guān)于深基坑支護(hù)的研究目前在巖土工程中，深基坑的開挖及支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)涉及工程地質(zhì)、工程結(jié)構(gòu)、建筑材料、施工工藝等諸多方面。因?yàn)橹ёo(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)是由若干具有獨(dú)立功能的體系組成的整體,所以不管是結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)還是施工組織都應(yīng)從整體功能出發(fā),要把各個(gè)組成部分協(xié)調(diào)好,才能確保它的安全可靠、經(jīng)濟(jì)合理。本文主要解析了巖土工程施工中深基坑支護(hù)出現(xiàn)的問題及處理。 關(guān)鍵詞：巖土工程；深基坑；支護(hù)；建筑施工 當(dāng)前基坑工程專業(yè)是一門實(shí)用性及經(jīng)驗(yàn)性很強(qiáng)的學(xué)科，在實(shí)際施工中面臨著基坑越來越深的趨勢(shì)，尤其是在環(huán)保要求逐漸提高的今天，我們需要以更加嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)目茖W(xué)態(tài)度來對(duì)待深基坑支護(hù)問題，文章正是在這樣的背景下探討了深基坑支護(hù)中常見的問題及其處理對(duì)策，作者以期在今后的工程實(shí)踐中不斷總結(jié)和提高技術(shù)水平，為發(fā)展深基坑工程的理論和實(shí)踐做出貢獻(xiàn)。 一、深基坑支護(hù)施工中存在的問題 1.邊坡修理達(dá)不到規(guī)范要求 實(shí)際的深基坑施工中常存在超挖和欠挖的現(xiàn)象，都是由于受到施工管理人員不到位以及機(jī)械操作手的操作水平等多種影響因素的影響，使得機(jī)械開挖后的邊坡表面的平整度和順直度不規(guī)則，而人工修理時(shí)又由于條件的限制不可能作深度挖掘，故經(jīng)常性的會(huì)出現(xiàn)擋土支付后出現(xiàn)超挖和欠挖現(xiàn)象。這是深基坑支護(hù)工程施工中較為常見的不足之處。2、施工過程與施工設(shè)計(jì)的差異大 深基坑支護(hù)工程施工中，深層攪拌樁的水泥摻量常常不足，這就會(huì)影響水泥土的支護(hù)弓曼變，進(jìn)而使得水泥土發(fā)生裂縫，另外，在實(shí)際施工中，偷工減料的現(xiàn)象也并不少見，深基坑挖土設(shè)計(jì)中常常對(duì)挖土程序有所要求來減少支護(hù)變形，并進(jìn)行圖紙交底，而實(shí)際施工中往往不管這些框框，搶進(jìn)度，圖局部效益，這籠刻主就會(huì)造成偷工減料現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。深基坑開挖是一個(gè)空間問題。傳統(tǒng)的深基坑支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)是按平面應(yīng)變問題處理的。在未能進(jìn)行空間問題處理前而需按平面應(yīng)刻段設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)造要適當(dāng)調(diào)整，以適應(yīng)開挖空間效應(yīng)的要求。這點(diǎn)在設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)際施工相差較大，也需要引起高度的重視。3.土層開挖和邊坡支護(hù)不配套土方開挖技術(shù)含引氏，組織管理容易。而擋土支護(hù)的技術(shù)含量高，施工組織和管理都較土方開挖復(fù)雜。所以在實(shí)際的施工過程中，大型的工程一.般都是由專業(yè)的施工隊(duì)伍來完成的，且絕大部分都是兩個(gè)平行的合同。這樣，在施工中協(xié)調(diào)管理的難度大，土方施工單位搶進(jìn)度，拖工期，開招頃序較亂，特另提雨期施工，甚至不顧擋土支護(hù)施工所需工作面，留給支護(hù)施工的鍘乍面幾乎是無法操作，時(shí)間上也無法完成支護(hù)工作