不同國(guó)家之間的文化差異.doc

案例陳述：公司派江城去機(jī)場(chǎng)接來(lái)自加拿大的客人Hoffman 一家人。一見面，江城就問Hoffman “您好！今年高壽？有70了吧？身體真硬朗！”對(duì)于江城的“熱情”寒暄，Hoffman顯得很尷尬。上車后，江城撫摸著小孩子的頭說“這孩子真可愛”，Hoffman一家人見此情景臉色一下子就不好了。在給Hoffman一家接風(fēng)的時(shí)候，江城的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)對(duì)外國(guó)客人說“eat slowly”，“drink slowly！”在送他們一大家子回旅館休息的時(shí)候說“walk slowly”?？傊琀offman一家人這一天都處于極度不自在的狀態(tài)。案例分析：在這個(gè)案例中，江城犯了多次跨文化交際錯(cuò)誤。一是問年齡，在西方文化中，禁忌語(yǔ)多與隱私有關(guān)，許多個(gè)人情況如家庭、婚姻、信仰、年齡、薪水等都是個(gè)人隱私。因此，我們?cè)谂c英美人進(jìn)行交際時(shí)常犯這種錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)槟挲g屬于個(gè)人隱私，問年齡會(huì)使得Hoffman很難堪。二是摸小孩子的頭，在西方，只有父母和神父（在給孩子洗禮的時(shí)候）才有權(quán)利撫摸小孩子的頭。三是語(yǔ)言使用不得體，中國(guó)人喜歡在吃飯的時(shí)候向客人說“慢慢吃”“慢慢喝”或者在送客的時(shí)候說“慢走”，這是中國(guó)人對(duì)待客人的禮貌方式，但是在西方人看來(lái)，他們會(huì)覺得別人以為自己老了不行了，感到自己的自尊受到了威脅。正確的問候應(yīng)該是“enjoy yourself!”“make yourself at home!”“take care！”或者“have a good journey!” Jiangcheng is sent to the airport to receive the Hoffman family from Canada. The moment they meet each other, Jiangcheng raise a question with huge enthusiasm:” How do you do? Mr Hoffman. How old are you? Are you 70 years old? You are in such a good health.” But Hoffman appears to be very embarrassed about it. After they get in the car, to ease the nervous atmosphere, Jiangcheng praises their child is lovely by touching his head. It turns out that things even go worse. Jiangcheng boss also makes the same mistake when they have dinner together, because he keeps saying” eat slowly” or “drink slowly”, even “walk slowly” sending the family back to hotel. Anyway, the Hoffman feel uncomfortable all the whole day.Case analysis: In this case, Jinagcheng made many mistakes on cross-cultural communication. One is asking age. In western culture, taboo words are mostly about privacy, namely some personal things, such as family, marriage, religion, age, salary, etc. Asking age would make Hoffman embarrassed because age is a personal affair. Second is touching a kid head. In western society, only parents and the priest can touch a kids head. The priest did it when baptized the kid. Third one is the inappropriate use of language. It is a Chinese way to be polite to say “eat slowly” or “walk slowly”. But in westerners opinion, they would feel being invaded after hearing those phrases. The right way of greeting should be like those ones: “enjoy yourself!”, “make yourself at home!” “take care！”or“have a good journey!”1、 案例敘述： 自從我來(lái)到秘魯之后，我真實(shí)感受到了秘魯人思維方式的多元化。秘魯是一個(gè)天主教國(guó)家，幾乎所有的秘魯公司、企業(yè)或者機(jī)構(gòu)都會(huì)有天主教的神像，每當(dāng)遇到這些標(biāo)志性的意識(shí)形態(tài)，我才知道，與我理解不一樣的是，相較于中國(guó)，秘魯人對(duì)于殖民是不同的態(tài)度，他們是非常感謝西班牙當(dāng)時(shí)的殖民和拓荒的。哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)新大陸后，帶來(lái)了天主教和一系列的節(jié)日禮俗（比如圣弗朗西斯節(jié)，San Rosa 節(jié)等），帶來(lái)了西方較為傳統(tǒng)的家庭觀念（如天主教禁止墮胎，所以秘魯不實(shí)行計(jì)劃生育，一家十多口人生活在一個(gè)大家庭等），同時(shí)也帶來(lái)西方較為直接的線性思維（貼面禮、正面表達(dá)愛情等等）。當(dāng)然，秘魯也有本土的印加文化、Chavin文明、Caral文明等，尤其是亞馬遜流域一帶的BORA種族，也還處于最為原始的宗親氏族制度中。而中國(guó)人的始祖文明是華夏文明，中國(guó)人都是炎黃子孫、龍的傳人，以禮樂為制度、易經(jīng)八卦、丹書朱文、上古漢語(yǔ)為源泉，在歷史上曾一脈相傳，但19世紀(jì)后外來(lái)侵略殖民，文明發(fā)展陷入停滯，但是，中國(guó)五千年的文明一直延續(xù)下來(lái)，至今中華民族的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)和核心價(jià)值觀仍然影響著每一個(gè)中國(guó)人的內(nèi)心。而翻看過往的歷史，中國(guó)人對(duì)于“殖民”一詞，至今看來(lái)還是非常抵觸的。2、 案例分析：秘魯?shù)谋就林髁魑拿魇怯〖游拿鳌Ｓ〖訛槠渥罡呓y(tǒng)治者的尊號(hào)，意為太陽(yáng)之子。15世紀(jì)起印加文明勢(shì)力強(qiáng)盛，極盛時(shí)期的疆界以今秘魯和玻利維亞為中心，首都在秘魯南部的庫(kù)斯科。16世紀(jì)初由于內(nèi)亂日趨衰落，1532年被西班牙殖民者滅亡。不容置疑的是，秘魯是一個(gè)擁有悠久文化歷史的古老國(guó)家，是古代美洲大陸三大文明中心之一。同中國(guó)一樣，古老而燦爛的“印加文化”豐富多彩，聞名世界，是人類文明的寶貴財(cái)富，它的發(fā)展為世界文化做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。 和中國(guó)五千年的文明相比，以秘魯為代表的南美文明是斷斷續(xù)續(xù)并較為分散的，和中國(guó)朝代的更迭相比，秘魯?shù)母鳌按蔽拿鳘?dú)立，各自為家，因而或多或少的缺乏延續(xù)性。相比較而言，西班牙的殖民促成了秘魯在當(dāng)時(shí)的統(tǒng)一格局。 現(xiàn)階段，在秘魯，當(dāng)您與集印加皮膚外表與西方行為風(fēng)格內(nèi)在于一身的秘魯人相處，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，兩種對(duì)比鮮明的文化碰撞，不免給秘魯人的個(gè)人性格和價(jià)值觀念帶來(lái)了一些多元和復(fù)雜，也對(duì)秘魯社會(huì)的發(fā)展造成了一定影響。而秘魯人對(duì)于過去文明和現(xiàn)在文明的去與留，也顯得異常糾結(jié)，在遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)等人文科學(xué)研究中尤為明顯。Description: Since I came to Peru, I realized the diversification of their mind in flesh. Peru is a Catholic country. Almost all the companies or institutes have the statue of Catholic god. Seeing this remarkable ideology made me understand their different attitude toward colonialism from Chinese that they are grateful for Spanish colonization and exploration of virgin land at that time. After Columbus discovered the New World, Catholics, a series of customs, such as St.Francis and San Rosa, were imported into Peru. Also western linear thinking modenisous and express affection explicitlywas introduced in Peru as well as some traditional family values that Catholics forbid induced abortion so that no birth control policy exist in Peru and their family is usually big. Naturally, Peru has indigenous Inca culture, Chavin civilization, and Caral civilization, especially BORA race living along the Amazon who is still governed by the most primitive clan system. While Chinese civilization roots in Huaxia civilization, Chinese people are all offsprings of YanHuang and descendants of China-style dragon. They have a system of rituals and music which can be dated from the ancient ZHOUYI Philosophy (book of changes), ancient Chinese language and literary. Sadly Chinese civilization stopped developing when the western invaders came to colonize in 19th centuries. However, it still keeps moving forward for five thousand year and will keep flourishing in the future. Traditional virtues and core values keep influencing every Chinese people thought they still are against the word: colonize.Case analysis: Mainstream civilization of indigenous Peru is Inca civilization. Inca is honor name of their most superior leader, which means son of the sun. Inca civilization starts to boom in 15th century when the country had a large land centered by todays Peru and Bolivia and the capital was Cuzco in the south of Peru. However in 16th century, Peru went downhill gradually as a result of civil strife, and was colonized by Spanish in 1532. Undoubtedly, Peru is an ancient country with a long history and one of three civilized center in American Continent. Like Chinese colorful culture, Inca culture is prosperous and famous around the world, making great contributions for huamans development. Compared with Chinese civilization for five thousand, the South American civilization is divergent and intermittent and lack continuity more or less. Instead the colonization shaped a unified pattern. At present, clear cultural conflict often occurs wh