高考英語一輪復習 第一部分 基礎知識聚焦 專題突破解題策略1 閱讀理解之主旨大意題 新人教版必修1.ppt

路漫漫其修遠兮吾將上下而求索 走向高考 英語 人教版 高考總復習 專題突破解題策略 一 必修一 第一部分基礎知識聚焦 主旨大意題在閱讀理解試題中所占比例及難度都相當大 主旨大意是作者在文章中要表達的主要內容 是全文的核心 是作者在文章中努力通過各種信息來闡明的中心話題 把握主旨大意對正確理解全文具有重要意義 主旨大意題旨在考查考生對文章大意的理解和概括能力 考題中往往出現(xiàn)下列詞語 subject topic theme title mainidea等 閱讀理解之主旨大意題 1 采用瀏覽法抓住主題句 主題句通常在文章開頭或結尾 而段落主題句有可能在一段的開頭或結尾 主題句常出現(xiàn)在 總結性 語言的 信號詞或短語 后 如 insummary inaword asaresult finally inshort inconclusion和inbrief等 主題句常出現(xiàn)在 轉移話題式 語言的 信號詞 后 如 but however nevertheless hence等 標題的語言特點 獨特新穎 概括性強 短小精悍 典例1 2015 安徽高考b whenherfivedaughterswereyoung heleneanalwaystoldthemthattherewasstrengthinunity 團結 toshowthis shehelduponechopstick representingoneperson thensheeasilybrokeitintotwopieces next shetiedseveralchopstickstogether representingafamily sheshowedthegirlsitwashardtobreakthetiedchopsticks thislessonaboutfamilyunitystayedwiththedaughtersastheygrewup heleneanandherfamilyownalargerestaurantbusinessincalifornia eventuallythegirlsallgraduatedfromcollegeandwentawaytoworkforthemselves butonebyone thedaughtersreturnedtoworkinthefamilybusiness theyopenednewrestaurantsinsanfranciscoandlosangeles eventhoughfamilymemberssometimesdisagreedwitheachother theyworkedtogethertomakethebusinesssuccessful daughterelisabethexplains ourmothertaughtusthattosucceedwemusthaveunity andtohaveunitywemusthavepeace withoutthestrengthofthefamily thereisnobusiness theirexpandingbusinessbecamealargecorporationin1996 withthreegenerationsofansworkingtogether nowthean scorporationmakesmorethan 20millioneachyear althoughtheybeganwithasmallrestaurant theyhadbigdreams andtheyworkedtogether nowtheyareabigsuccess 63 whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage a howtorunacorporationb strengthcomesfrompeacec howtoachieveabigdreamd familyunitybuildssuccess 解析 d根據(jù)第一段 heleneanalwaystoldthemthattherewasstrengthinunity 團結 和第三段 tosucceedwemusthaveunity 與 andtheyworkedtogether nowtheyareabigsuccess 可知 文章主要講的是家庭團結對取得成功的重要性 文章沒有講怎樣經(jīng)營一家大型公司 也沒有提到怎樣實現(xiàn)偉大夢想 典例2 2014 浙江高考a wealthstartswithagoalandsavingadollaratatime callitthepiggybankstrategy 策略 therearelessonsinthattime honoredcoin savingscontainer originallyyouhadtobreakthebanktogettothemoney bringinginasenseofseriousnessintosavings whilepiggybanksteachchildrenthewisdomofsaving adultsoftenneedtorelearnchildhoodlessons thinkaboutthethingsinlifethatrequirelargeamountsofmoney collegeeducation weddings cars medicalcare startingabusiness buyingahome andfunstufflikegreattrips sowhenyouhavemoney takeoffthetop10 putitaside saveandinvestwisely 45 thelastparagraphtalksabout a theseriousnessofeducatingchildrenb theenjoymentoftakingagreattripc theimportanceofmanagingmoneyd thedifficultyofstartingabusiness 解析 c文章由piggybank文化談起 介紹它名稱的由來及發(fā)展 最后告誡人們要及早明智地儲備好自己的錢以備后用 由文章最后一段的敘述可知人一生中需要錢的時候很多 所以最后一句話告誡人們當有錢時要儲存 明智地投資 so為總結性詞匯 故可知答案選c項 2 抓住段落大意 概括中心思想 尋找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在尋找段落中心的基礎上的 各段落中心的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想 不能以偏概全 也不能在概括時過于寬泛 要恰如其分 典例3 2015 江蘇高考c supposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization it sverylikelythatyou llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization sactivities todoso itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework let sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolved forexample peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences andtostrengthensocialrelationships ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate toselectvolunteers youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationsofthepeopleyouwishtoattract peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso toincreaselevelsofcommunityservice someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms unfortunately theseprogramscanshiftpeople swishofparticipationfromaninternalfactor e g ivolunteerbecauseit simportanttome toanexternalfactor e g ivolunteerbecausei mrequiredtodoso whenthathappens peoplebecomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture peoplemustbesensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivitiesamust oncepeoplebegintovolunteer whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime 64 whatisthebesttitleofthepassage a howtogetpeopletovolunteerb howtostudyvolunteerbehaviorsc howtokeepvolunteers interestd howtoorganizevolunteeractivities 解析 a本文是一篇議論文 文章分析講述志愿者為什么自發(fā)地去服務社會 文章首段提出假設 假如你是一名組織領導人 很想得到志愿者的幫助 并指出在此之前 必須弄清志愿者為什么自發(fā)地去服務社會 并通過3個實驗研究志愿者的意圖 因此a項 如何使人們從事志愿者服務 是文章的最佳標題 3 抓住主線和關鍵 歸納文章大意 沒有主題句的文章 可以分析每段的段落大意以及表現(xiàn)活躍的高頻詞匯來確定主題 最后進行歸納總結 典例4 2014 福建高考d perhapsyouthinkyoucouldeasilyaddtoyourhappinesswithmoremoney strangeasitmayseem ifyou reunsatisfied theissueisnotalackofmeanstomeetyourdesiresbutalackofdesires notthatyoucannotsatisfyyourtastesbutthatyoudon thaveenoughtastes realrichesconsistofwell developedandheartycapacities 能力 toenjoylife mostpeoplearealreadyswamped 淹沒 withthings theyeat wear goandtalktoomuch theyliveintoobigahousewithtoomanyrooms yettheirhouseoflifeisahut yourhouseoflifeoughttobeamansion 豪宅 aroyalpalace everynewtaste everyadditionalinterest everyfreshenthusiasmaddsaroom hereareseveralroomsyourhouseoflifeshouldhave sports withoutwhichyouremainpoor meanalotinlife nomatterwhoyouare youwouldbemorehuman andyourhouseoflifewouldbebettersupportedagainstthebaddays ifyoucould anddid playabit whateverroomsyoumightaddtoyourhouseoflife thesecretofenjoyinglifeistokeepadding 71 whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage a houseoflifeb secretofwealthc restandrefreshmentd interestandenthusiasm 解析 a本文強調的是精神追求 且文中多處出現(xiàn)了關鍵詞life以及houseoflife 故可確定答案是a