高考完形填空解題技巧.doc

【技巧一】利用邏輯關(guān)系語，定位相關(guān)選項(xiàng)邏輯關(guān)系語指表示各種邏輯意義的連句手段，主要有：（1）詞（包括連詞、副詞和少數(shù)介詞），如and,but,or,because,though,however,yet,therefore,otherwise,despite等；（2）短語，如inotherwords,orrather,inaddition,asaresult,sothat,onthecontrary,insteadof等；（3）分句和獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，如thatistosay,whatismore,allthingsconsidered等。邏輯關(guān)系語對準(zhǔn)確理解語篇意義能夠起到很強(qiáng)的提示作用。完形填空中很多題目都圍繞它們而設(shè)?？忌诮忸}時(shí)要充分利用這些邏輯關(guān)系語，找到與文中某些詞、短語有密切關(guān)系的選項(xiàng)，如其同義詞、近義詞或反義詞等，有時(shí)這些詞、短語甚至復(fù)現(xiàn)在文中。【例】Thegirlbecameincreasinglyworriedaboutthis,bothwhen_46_andinherdreams.（07全國卷I）46.A.asleepB.awayC.aroundD.awake【析】本句的邏輯關(guān)系語是both.and.，它表示并列關(guān)系。and后出現(xiàn)了inherdreams，故此空必定和其有關(guān)。選項(xiàng)中只有awake和inherdreams構(gòu)成反義關(guān)系，因此D項(xiàng)正確?！纠緽eforeleaving,Ihadturnedtheheater_48_intheroadhouse,sothatwhenwewentin,itwasniceand_49_.（07湖北卷）48.A.onB.offC.inD.over49.A.neatB.hotC.warmD.attractive【析】本句的邏輯關(guān)系語是sothat和and。連詞and表并列關(guān)系，但要注意，niceand后接形容詞或副詞，大多意為“很”，如：Theroomisniceandwarm.（這個(gè)房間很暖和。）/Thebreezeisniceandcool.（這陣微笑很涼爽。）/Thecarisgoingniceandfar.（這輛轎車跑得很快。）發(fā)熱器只能使房間變暖或變熱，因此49選C；sothat表因果關(guān)系，根據(jù)句意“為了我們進(jìn)來時(shí)室內(nèi)很溫暖”，只有turnontheheater才合乎邏輯，因此48選A?！炯记尚≡嚒?thosechallengesaretheverythingsthat_37_usandmakeuswhoweare.（07山東卷）37.A.designB.promoteC.directD.shapeItsalittlefunnyseeingfriendsincleanshoesandtrousersorcolorful_36_,insteadoftheusualschooluniform.（07北京卷）36.A.shapesB.dressesC.flowersD.pictures“Youneed_36_,”hisfathersaid.“Butifyoudontworkhard,nofortunewillcome.”（07遼寧卷）36.A.exerciseB.fortuneC.knowledgeD.wealth答案：DBB【技巧二】通曉上下文意，注意習(xí)慣搭配詞匯的習(xí)慣用法或固定搭配，特別是動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、介詞等的搭配在完形填空題中出現(xiàn)的比例很大。如果考生在備考時(shí)對常用的習(xí)慣用法或固定搭配能牢固地掌握，并在解題時(shí)靈活運(yùn)用，就能達(dá)到事半功倍的效果?！纠緼youngman,wetfrom_42_totoe,explainedthathehad_43_outofpetrolabout30kmuptheroad.（07湖北卷）42.A.fingerB.shoulderC.headD.hand43.A.drivenB.usedC.comeD.run【析】本句中兩個(gè)考點(diǎn)都是固定搭配。第一個(gè)fromheadtotoe/foot意為“從頭到腳，全身上下”；第二個(gè)runoutof意為“用完，耗盡”。答案分別為C和D。【例】Javabegantoenjoyoneoftheyearsgreatestevent:“theNightoftheFullMoon”,afestival（節(jié)日）thatisespeciallypopular_44_youngpeople.（07安徽卷）44.A.forB.toC.withD.in【析】bepopularwith為固定詞組，意為“受歡迎”。其它選項(xiàng)均不能和popular構(gòu)成固定搭配，故答案為C?！炯记尚≡嚒縃etriedto_31_atelephonecall,butwasunableto_32_.（07浙江卷）31.A.makeB.fixC.useD.pick32.A.getonB.getupC.getthroughD.getinHegotgoodgradesintheschool,especially_43_biologyandchemistry,whichwasagreatcomfort.（07重慶卷）43.A.inB.aboutC.ofD.for答案：A;CA【技巧三】明確文章語境，搞清詞語差異高考完形填空選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置一般均屬于同一詞類，有的甚至在意義上也非常接近。為了順利解答此類問題，考生在平時(shí)記憶單詞時(shí)，要在例句中把握其用法并能在考試中結(jié)合語境，比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的細(xì)微差別，推敲什么是最佳答案?！纠縄feltthe_48_ofalifetimehadcome.（07江西卷）48.A.momentB.periodC.whileD.date【析】四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均有“日期、時(shí)期”之意，但仔細(xì)辨析可知，moment意為“時(shí)刻、契機(jī)”，“轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)”；period意為“時(shí)期、階段”；while意為“一會(huì)兒”；date意為“日期”。根據(jù)ofalifetimehadcome（一生的到了）設(shè)置的語境，可知moment為最佳選項(xiàng)。【例】.theladydidnttakeabite.Shesatthere_34_herhusbandeat,andtakingturns(輪流)sippingthedrink.（07陜西卷）34.A.seeingB.noticingC.watchingD.finding【析】四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“看”之意。seesb.dosth.意為“看見了某人做了某事”；noticesb.dosth.意為“（無意中）注意到某人做了某事”；watchsb.dosth.意為“注視/觀看某人做某事”，find后不接動(dòng)詞原形作賓補(bǔ)。通過語境可知，女士自己不吃，只是看著丈夫吃，因此C項(xiàng)正確?！炯记尚≡嚒縏hedoorshadbeenshut.They_30_beopenedfromtheinside.Hewastrapped（被困）inalibrary.（07浙江卷）30.A.wouldntB.shouldntC.couldntD.needntIwassonervousthatmyhandsshook,andI_47_acupintopieces.（07湖南卷）47.A.damagedB.destroyedC.brokeD.ruined答案：CC【技巧四】探究前后邏輯，確定連接詞匯連接詞是構(gòu)成語篇的紐帶，也是相關(guān)語句信息的結(jié)合點(diǎn)。命題人常在這些“關(guān)節(jié)”上設(shè)置題目，考查學(xué)生的語用能力。因此，考生在解題時(shí)，要仔細(xì)分析，推理前后的邏輯關(guān)系，確定最佳選項(xiàng)。【例】Shehadexcellentgrades,_24_shealwaysthoughtthatsomethingwasmissing.（07天津卷）24.A.orB.soC.forD.but【析】根據(jù)空前的excellentgrades和空后的always和somethingwasmissing，可推知“她”成績雖突出，可對生活仍不滿足，故選擇轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but，即答案為D。【例】.“Wouldyoumindtellingmewhenyouarethinkingofleaving?_40_areyougoingtositinyourcarallday?”（07全國卷II）40.A.ForB.OrC.ButD.So【析】根據(jù)空前的leaving和空后的sitinyourcarallday，說明對方在詢問并讓“我”做出選擇，從而推知答案為表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞or?！炯记尚≡嚒縈ybodyhadlongsinceusedupallitsenergy_50_itwentonrunningjustthesame.（07江西卷）50.A.soB.ButC.orD.asItoldherIwouldmessitup_37_Ihadneverworkedatthebarbefore.（07湖南卷）37.A.becauseB.thoughC.untilD.while答案：BA【技巧五】利用語法關(guān)聯(lián)，推理最佳選項(xiàng)雖然高考完型填空的考查越來越淡化語法，但一個(gè)語義連貫的語篇必須通過省略、指代、時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)關(guān)聯(lián)等語法關(guān)系來實(shí)現(xiàn)。因此，命題人常利用這些關(guān)聯(lián)“制造語境”，設(shè)置考點(diǎn)?？忌忸}時(shí)可利用這些語法關(guān)系對句子進(jìn)行分析、判斷并推理出最佳選項(xiàng)?！纠縄wastoobusy_55_therestaurantIwouldopenoneday.（07湖南卷）A.imaginingB.preparingC.examiningD.describing【析】如果不看下文時(shí)態(tài)，很難確定選項(xiàng)。但空后would表明“我”將在未來某一天開自己的飯店，從而推知現(xiàn)在只是在忙著“想像”將來的情景，故答案為A?！纠縏hatday,he(LangLang)toldhisfather_45_hehadbeenwaitingtohearthathewantedtostudywithanewteacher.（07遼寧卷）45.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when【析】07遼寧卷講述了青年鋼琴家郎朗年幼時(shí)學(xué)鋼琴的故事。解答此題的關(guān)鍵在于確定第二個(gè)he的指代對象。如果他指LangLang，則句子不但在語法上錯(cuò)誤，而且在語義上也講不通?？梢?5空要選一個(gè)既能引導(dǎo)賓語從句，又能在從句中當(dāng)hear的賓語的詞，在四個(gè)待選詞中只有what才能勝任，所以應(yīng)選B。破折號(hào)之后的that從句是what的同位語從句?！炯记尚≡嚒?hewouldsay,“Ifyouwantthem,makethemoneyandbuythem_39_.”（07福建卷）39.A.themselvesB.ourselvesC.yourselfD.myselfIndealingwithmanychallengesthatfriendshipwillbringtoyou,trytoseethemfor50theyare:smallhurdlesyouneedtojump.（07山東卷）50.A.whatB.whoC.whereD.which答案：CA【技巧六】聯(lián)系生活常識(shí)，再現(xiàn)相關(guān)情景完形填空題所選的文章多是具有一定故事情節(jié)和教育意義的記敘文或敘議結(jié)合、富有哲理的論說文，這些語篇都非常貼近學(xué)生生活?？忌诮忸}時(shí)，可以根據(jù)生活常識(shí)或結(jié)合常識(shí)充分地想像當(dāng)時(shí)的情景，從而達(dá)到去“偽”存“真”的目的?！纠?thegirlwasabletoleadherbirdstorunacrossthegrass,butshecouldnotteachthemto_45_.（07全國卷I）45.A.flyB.raceC.swimD.sing【析】根據(jù)常識(shí)，人類可以race、swim或sing，但是不會(huì)直接像鳥一樣振翅飛翔，因此小女孩不能教給鳥兒“飛翔”，故答案為A?！纠縀verywhere,therewerethepaperremainsofusedfireworkslyingontheground.Littleboys_39_moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited_40_fortheexplosions.（07安徽卷）39.A.litB.boughtC.piledD.removed40.A.patientlyB.calmlyC.worriedlyD.excitedly【析】語境中的Everywhere,therewerethepaperremainsof(used)fireworkslyingontheground.和coveredtheirears使我們聯(lián)想起節(jié)日放鞭炮或觀看別人放鞭炮的情景，即點(diǎn)上鞭炮后興奮地跑開，捂著耳朵等著其爆炸。因此39題答案為A，40題為D?！炯记尚≡嚒縒ell,lessthanaweekaftermyarrivalinManila,Iwasalreadycarpetedwitha_43_ofmosquitobites.Itookmanymeasurestokeepmyselffrombeing_44_,buttheyallproveduseless.（07四川卷）43.A.shadeB.pileC.cloudD.blanket44.A.touchedB.bittenC.defeatedD.discoveredBymidnight,thefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe_55_cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenight,thesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance.（07安徽卷）55.A.cleanB.grayC.peacefulD.empty答案：D;BB【技巧七】突破句子的束縛，捕捉篇章信息每篇完形填空都圍繞一個(gè)主題展開，其結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，上下文互為映襯，前后照應(yīng)，所以解題時(shí)考生不要只局限在句子層面上，而要從段落或整篇文章入手，整體把握文章的內(nèi)容，結(jié)合上下文，尋找答案的線索?！纠縄ntheclinic,IaskedifMichaelcouldberetested,sothespecialisttestedhimagain.Tomy_36_,itwasthesamescore.Laterthatevening,I_37_toldFrankwhatIhadlearnedthatday.Aftertalkingitover,weagreedthatweknewour_38_muchbetterthananIQ(智商)test.Aftertheceremony,wetoldMichaelaboutthe_47_IQscorehegotwhenhewassix.Sincethatday,Michaelsometimeswouldlookatusandsayjokingly,“MydearmomanddadnevertoldmethatIcouldntbeadoctor,notuntilafterIgraduatedfrommedicalschool!”.Wewenttothesameclinicwherehehadreceivethetesteighteenyearsbefore.ThistimeMichaelscored126,anincreaseof36points.（07重慶卷）36.A.joyB.surpriseC.dislikeD.disappointment37.A.tearfullyB.fearfullyC.cheerfullyD.hopefully38.A.studentB.sonC.friendD.doctor47.A.highB.sameC.lowD.different【析】07重慶卷的完形填空以第一人稱講述了如何對待孩子的成長問題。開頭就提到Michael的智商測試，隨之設(shè)置的幾個(gè)題目都和此有關(guān)，可是在本段沒有線索。但讀到文章最后，“ThistimeMichaelscored126,anincreaseof36points.”，我們茅塞頓開，原來Michael是“我們”的兒子（38.B），六歲時(shí)接受了一次智商測試，分?jǐn)?shù)很低（47.C），“我”很失望（36.D），所以“我”眼含淚水告訴丈夫Frank測試結(jié)果（37.A）?！炯记尚≡嚒浚ㄊ锥危〤arolynStradleyisthefounderofC&SPavingInC.（鋪路公司）inAtlanta,USA.Inthefollowingaccount,sherecallsthejobthatchallengedher_36_andskillbutleftherflyinghigh.（尾段）.“Thekeytooursuccesswashavingthecouragetotakeonanyjobandthenbeingcreativeinourapproachtogettingitdone.”（07江蘇卷）36.A.kindnessB.patienceC.imaginationD.experience（首段）.AllyouneedisawebcamandyourprettyfacetoaccessyourPC.（尾段）.Ifthesystem_29_torecognizeyour_30_,youcanrecalltheWindowsusernameandpasswordbyusingahot-keycombination.（07廣東卷）29.A.beginsB.triesC.failsD.stops30.A.account