英語音標(biāo)發(fā)音規(guī)則大全.doc

英語音標(biāo)的發(fā)間規(guī)則：1開音節(jié) 1）以發(fā)音的元音字母結(jié)尾的單節(jié)。 例：be，he。 2）以輔音字母（r 除外）+不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的音節(jié)。 例：make，like。* 在重讀的開音節(jié)中元音字母按字母名稱讀音。2閉音節(jié) 以一個或幾個輔音字母（r 除外）結(jié)尾而中間只有一個元音字母的音節(jié)， 稱為閉音節(jié)。例：map，desk，is。 * 在重讀的閉音節(jié)中元音字母讀做短元音。字母a，e，i，o，u 在重讀音節(jié)中的讀法1 元音: 1) i: 字母組合:ee ea e ie three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please he she me piece receive ceiling 2) i 發(fā)音字母 i y e sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss myth many twenty happy dictionary defect decide delicious 3) 發(fā)音字母 a bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 4) e 字母組合 ea e a head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any 5) : 字母組合ir ur ear ur or girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard term her nerd serve work worm work world 6) 字母組合 er or ou ar o a e u teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan China men listen famulus Saturday 7) a: 字母組合 ar a car farm card arm garden fast class last glass plant aunt calm 8) 發(fā)音字母 u o ou oo up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above rouble rough flourish blood flood 9) :字母組合 al or au our ar small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter 10) 發(fā)音字母 o a hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not want wash 11) u: 字母組合 oo o u food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue full 12) u 字母組合 oo ou u o look good foot book should could put full bull pull push women whose 13) ei 發(fā)音字母 a ay ea ai ey name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plain they grey 14) ai 發(fā)音字母 i y bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye 15) au 字母組合 ou ow house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town 16) u 發(fā)音字母 o ow oa home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flow boat coat goal 17) i 字母組合oy oi boy toy joyoil soil voice choice 18) i 字母組合 eer beer deer ear idea near here fierce 19) 字母組合ear air pear bear chair air fair care there where 20) u hour tour poor flower shower 2 容易混淆的元音 e bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said i： ei real rail greet great mean main read raid e ai bet bite red write said side head hide au : house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn aU found fond down done gown gone town ton 3輔音 1) p pen pear play pig pour pull push 2) b book big boot bike bread break 3) t tree two ten ton town twenty city 4) d door dull desk dose do dog dictionary 5) k king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (發(fā)音字母k) card cat cream correct climb come account accept (發(fā)音字母c) fox box oxygen x-ray (發(fā)音字母x) school schedule schema (字母組合ch) 6) g girl good goal goat grade long language 7) m man make moon morning move come comb 8) n pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean 9) uncle bank English think thank junk sing king morning evening 10) l long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul 11) r read red right run room write 12) f five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough physic photo phone 13) v very evening even every voice vest 14) s six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (發(fā)音字母s) license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (發(fā)音字母c) licence piece juice science lance space ace (字母組合ce) 15) z zoo zebra zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those whose 16) think thank three thirty tooth mouth 17) that this those these though 18) sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush washnation attention station social special sure 19) l pleasure 20) h hot hop home house horse how who 21) w when what where window wind wood 22) j yes year yell you your yolk yellow 23) t child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach 24) d age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk 25) tr tree country try treat track trunk 26) dr dry dream drop drive drink 27) ts students boots boats goats nuts 28) dz goods woods moods hoods 4容易混淆的輔音 v w vest west vet wet vine wine very well s sink think mass math miss myth sort sought z close cloth breeze breathe n thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing 添加一點: 9) :字母組合 al or au our ar aw small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter draw saw flaw 23) t child chicken china chair lunch ouch teach (字母組合ch） catch watch match （字母組合tch) 5 字母，組合音節(jié)發(fā)音規(guī)律 1）a ei a: late private grade bake grape nation station page active hand bank fan parent family glad flag accept about above formative machine cinema fast last glass class past father wash what watch want 2）e i: e i 不發(fā)音 appreciate extremely secret she me he letter left message generate pebble decide pretty previous result restore problem prosperous student confident active table late wife store lecture 3）i ai i high price library ice cream wife size line fist pick chicken piano fianc city unit 4）o u u: host cold note okay old home lose do who whose prove love some other mother honey company today tomorrow together control collect lost hot mock office soft honest 5）u ju u University refuse unique universe huge put push pull full bull but brush bucket duck bubble support suggest 6）c k s country camp camera courage cable city ceiling celebrate cell cease 7）g g d girl grade glass glade bag flag village vegetable bridge gentleman gym long song sing morning evening 8) l l 讀音不同 listen learn language collect English gorilla world cold soil tall sell cool animal 9) n n moon night noodle number uncle hungry angry young 10) r r right read write grade progress 11）y j i ai yellow year yell young yolk university country pretty happy dyke dying fly buy by my 12）ar a: : farm card garden mark dollar warm quarrel quarter 13) ea i: e ei i cease season breathe feature meat please bread breast breath meadow weather great break idea realize 14) ear : i learn earth earn heard hear near clear ear fear 15) er : i deserve serve her person teacher driver anger singer serious experience mysterious fierce 16） ere i here mere fere sere there 17) ir : ai shirt girl skirt admire desire 18) oo u: u : room tool cool moon noon goof food good foot stood wood wool cook wood book blood flood door floor 19) or : w: short form corn born for work world worm word worst tractor doctor actor sector senior senator 20) oor : u door floor moor poor boor 21) our u : hour tour flour bourn lour pour court four mourn 22) ou au house mouth mouse sound found enough trouble touch delicious gracious prosperous 23) ow u au window meadow know show low now town how down cow 24) se z s nose suppose gose lose pose rose mouse house 25) th thank think thought cloth clothes that this then than 26) sion n n propulsion tension progression passion protrusion provision conclusion television 27) tion n tn(不常見) station nation translation attention question 6關(guān)于語音的幾個概念: 音素: 音的最小單位,英語中有48個音素. 音節(jié): 由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位. 元音: 發(fā)音響亮,是樂音,口腔中氣流不受阻礙,是音節(jié)的主要組成部分.英語中有20個元音. 輔音: 發(fā)音不響亮,是噪音,口腔中氣流受到阻礙,不是音節(jié)的重要組成部分,英語中有28個輔音. 開音節(jié): 1)輔音+元音+輔音+不發(fā)音e kite cake name bike make take home plane shine 2)輔音+元音 he hi go no do be tree three hello 閉音節(jié): 1)輔音+元音+輔音 sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head 2)元音+輔音 it is of in on up out ant 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化 一般情況 加 -s 1.清輔音后讀/s/; map-maps 2.濁輔音和元音后 bag-bags 讀 /z/; car-cars 以s,sh,ch, x等結(jié)尾的詞 加 -es 讀 /iz/ bus-buses watch-watches 以ce,se,ze, (d)ge等結(jié)尾的詞 加 -s 讀 /iz/ license-licenses 以輔音字母+y 變y 為i 結(jié)尾的詞 再加es 讀 /z/ baby-babies 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化 1）child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice man-men woman-women 注意：與 man 和 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是 -men 和-women。 如： an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans；Bowman是姓，其復(fù)數(shù)是the Bowmans。 2）單復(fù)同形 如： deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin 但除人民幣元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 3）集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實為復(fù)數(shù)。 如： people police cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，不能說 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以說 a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名詞，表示國民總稱時，作復(fù)數(shù)用。 如： The Chinese are industries and brave. 中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。 4）以s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如： a. maths，politics，physics等學(xué)科名詞，為不可數(shù)名詞，是單數(shù)。 b. news 是不可數(shù)名詞。 c. the United States，the United Nations 應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 聯(lián)合國是1945年組建起來的。 d. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名，劇名，報紙，雜志名，也可視為單數(shù)。 The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 是一本非常有趣的故事書。 5) 表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西，如：glasses (眼鏡) trousers, clothes 若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞 pair(對，雙); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 6） 另外還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時可表示特別意思，如：goods貨物，waters水域，fishes（各種）魚 名詞的格 在英語中有些名詞可以加s來表示所有關(guān)系，帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格，如：a teachers book。名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下： 1） 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加s，復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s，也要加s，如the boys bag 男孩的書包，mens room 男廁所。 2） 若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s ，只加，如：the workers struggle 工人的斗爭。 3） 凡不能加s的名詞，都可以用名詞+of +名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。 4） 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時，名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞，如：the barbers 理發(fā)店。 5） 如果兩個名詞并列，并且分別有s，則表示分別有；只有一個s，則表示共有。 如：Johns and Marys room（兩間） John and Marys room（一間） 6） 復(fù)合名詞或短語，s 加在最后一個詞的詞尾。 如：a month or twos absence 動詞第三人稱單數(shù) 一、動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的變化規(guī)則及發(fā)音規(guī)律 動詞原形變第三人稱單數(shù)的規(guī)則與發(fā)音規(guī)律同名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)大致相同。 1、大多數(shù)動詞在詞尾加“S”在清輔音后發(fā)音為s，在濁輔音及元音后發(fā)音為 z。如： stopstops s ; makemakes s readreads z ; playplays z 2、以輔音字母加“y”結(jié)尾的，要先將“y”變?yōu)椤癷”，然后在加“es”讀iz 如： flyflies z； carrycarries z studystudies z; worryworries 3、以“s, x, ch, sh”結(jié)尾的，在詞尾加“es”，發(fā)音為iz 如： teachteaches iz; watchwatches iz 4、以“o”結(jié)尾的動詞，加“es”，讀z 如： gogoes z dodoes z 下面幾個動詞變?yōu)閱螖?shù)時，原詞的元音部分的發(fā)音發(fā)生了較大的變化，請注意記憶。 如： 1、do du:does dz 2、say seisays sez 以不發(fā)音字母“e”結(jié)尾的開音節(jié)詞，如果尾音是s，z時，加“s”后字母“e”發(fā)音， 與所加“s” 一起讀做iz。 如： closecloses iz 二、對比詞形變化中原詞詞尾變化之異同： 變“y”為“”現(xiàn)象 雙寫最后輔音字母現(xiàn)象 例詞： babybabies carrycarries studystudying 動詞過去式和過去分詞有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。 1) 規(guī)則變化 一般在動詞原形后加-ed look call open need looked called opened needed called opened needed 但fix的過去式和過去 分詞x不雙寫，為fixed. 以-e結(jié)尾的動詞加-d move phone hope agree moved phoned hoped agreed hoped 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，變y為i， 再加-ed study carry try studied studied carried studied carried tried traid 以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，直接加-ed play enjoy stay played enjoyed stayed played pleid enjoyed in5dVCid stayed steid 末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫該輔音字母，再加-ed stop plan fit stopped planned fitted 以-r音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，雙寫r字母， 再加-ed prefer refer preferred referred preferred 2) 不規(guī)則變化 英語中有些動詞的過去式和過去分詞形式變化不規(guī)則，可分為五種情況。 1動詞原形、過去式和過去分詞完全同形。 例： 原形 過去式 過去分詞 cut（切） hit（打） cast（扔） hurt（傷害） put（放） let（讓） shut（關(guān)） cost（花費） se