英語語法非謂語.doc

學(xué)考復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動(dòng)詞【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】1 學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)，理解并掌握學(xué)考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)里關(guān)于形容詞和副詞的考點(diǎn)：形容詞的用法(形容詞作定語，表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語)； 副詞的用法（表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，方式，程度，疑問，連接，關(guān)系等副詞的用法）；形容詞和副詞原級、比較級、最高級的構(gòu)成；形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級的基本句型 2 通過例句，練習(xí)了解學(xué)考對考點(diǎn)的考法，并能通過練習(xí)鞏固考點(diǎn)3 培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獨(dú)立思考的能力【課前預(yù)習(xí)】動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。其主動(dòng)式有一般式、進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成式和完成進(jìn)行式。其被動(dòng)式、進(jìn)行式和完成式。如下表：時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)式的句法功能1、動(dòng)詞不定式作主語當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。例如：To say something is one thing; to do it is another.說是一回事，做是另一回事。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中作主語時(shí),通常使用it作形式主語而真正主語則是不定式或不定式短語，以使句子保持平衡。例如：Its so nice to hear your voice. 聽到你的聲音真高興。2、動(dòng)詞不定式作表語不定式可放在be動(dòng)詞后面，形成表語。例如： My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清掃房間。3、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語1）及物動(dòng)詞ask，agree，beg，care，choose，decide，expect，force，fail，hesitate，claim，hope，learn，long，manage，offer，pretend，plan，prepare，promise，refuse，want，wish等要求動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。例如：We want to learn some body language.我們想學(xué)習(xí)一點(diǎn)身勢語。4、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語有的動(dòng)詞后接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語；有的動(dòng)詞后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。1）能以帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask，allow， get，warn，tell，invite，force， oblige， beg， wish，want， like， hate， expect， encourage， advise， persuade，permit， request， order， cause， know， call on等。例如：Would you like me to help you? 你要我?guī)兔幔?）用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有see，hear，watch，notice，observe，listen to，look at，feel，let，have，make等。但是，這類句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不定式符號to仍保留。例如：I saw him dance. 我看見他跳舞。 =He was seen to dance.5、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語不定式做定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后，往往表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：I have a lot of work to do.我有許多事要做。There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上（他回家時(shí)）兩手空空。 6、動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語不定式通常在句子里可作目的、條件、原因和結(jié)果狀語。動(dòng)名詞1、 動(dòng)名詞作主語1） 動(dòng)名詞作主語與不定式作主語的區(qū)別。一般地說，動(dòng)名詞表示抽象的、一般的行為，尤其是強(qiáng)調(diào)多次性的動(dòng)作；不定式表示具體的、某一次的動(dòng)作，特別是將來的動(dòng)作。例如：Checking information is very important.核實(shí)情況是非常重要的。2、動(dòng)名詞作賓語1） 有些動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作直接賓語，不 能用不定式作直接賓語。如：admit， advise， avoid， consider，delay，finish， mind， miss， permit， practise， enjoy， resist，risk， appreciate， imagine， 例如：He finished reading the book yesterday.他昨天看完這本書。2）動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語的用法。be used to， prevent.from， depend on，feel like， be fond of， be proud of， put off， give up， devote oneself to ，help yourself to， be busy in，be afraid of， apologize for 等。例如：I dont feel like walking very much today.今天我不想走太多的路。The Great Green will stop the wind from blowing the earth away.綠色長城將阻止風(fēng)刮走土。3）有些動(dòng)詞即可用動(dòng)名詞作直接賓語，也可以用不定式作直接賓語，兩者有著截然不同的意義。（1）動(dòng)詞remember，forget，stop，go on，try，regret，cant help等既能以動(dòng)詞不定式又能以動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但表達(dá)的意思卻不同。remember to do_ forget to do_ stop to do_ remember doing_ forget doing_ stop doing_go on to do_ try to do_ regret to do _ go on doing_ try doing_ regret doing _ cant help to do_ cant help doing_4）動(dòng)詞need, want, require,以及 be worth之后動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)含有被動(dòng)的意思，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：His clothes need mending(to be mended).他的衣服需要縫補(bǔ)。分 詞現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，多表示主語所具有的特征或性質(zhì)，意為“令人怎樣.”，含主動(dòng)意味。如：astonishing，disappointing，exciting，amusing，frightening，interesting，surprising，relaxing，shocking，tiring，worrying，puzzle；ing，moving； 過去分詞作表語多表示主語的狀態(tài)，意為“對什么感受怎樣”，有被動(dòng)意味。如：astonished，disappointed，excited，amused，frightened，interested，surprised，relaxed，shocked，tired，worried，puzzled，moved。例如：Our trip was disappointing.我們的這次旅行讓人失望。分詞： 包含現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。 主要區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞一般有主動(dòng)的意思或表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的意思；過去分詞有被動(dòng)或動(dòng) 作已經(jīng)完成的意思。分詞可以有自己的賓語或狀語。 分詞或分詞短語在句子中作定語、狀語和復(fù)合賓語等。A 作定語：分詞作定語時(shí),一般要放在修飾的名詞之前,分詞短語作定語時(shí),則要放在所修飾的名詞之后。 如：The woman running after the thief shouted very loudly ,“Stop the thief!”(跟著小偷追的婦女大喊：捉小偷！) B 現(xiàn)在分詞可以作下列動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語。(參考不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語)謂語動(dòng)詞(vt.)賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語keep(保持) / see(看到) / hear(聽到) / watch(注意到) / feel(感覺到)sb./sth.(do)ingMum kept me working all the week.(媽媽讓我一個(gè)星期都在工作)When I entered the room, I saw Jack eating a big pear.(我進(jìn)入房間時(shí)看到杰克正在吃一只大梨C 現(xiàn)在分詞可以作狀語,表示伴隨情況。如：She came into the classroom, holding a pile of papers in her hand.(他走進(jìn)教室,手上抓著一沓紙) D 過去分詞可以作表語,放在連系動(dòng)詞后面,但要注意不要與被動(dòng)語態(tài)混淆,“主系表”主要表示狀態(tài),而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則表示動(dòng)作。常用過去分詞作表語的結(jié)構(gòu)有：be worried (焦慮) / be pleased (高興) / be tired (疲勞) / get dressed (打扮好) / get lost (迷路) / get caught (遭遇) / become frustrated (沮喪) / become intereted in (對感興趣)等等。 E 過去分詞可以作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：I had my hair cut this morning.(今天早上我讓人給我理了發(fā))(注意：have sth. done表示動(dòng)作由別人來做,而have done sth.則為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu),兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)不可以混淆)【考點(diǎn)探究】一、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞用作賓語【考例】一Its a bit cold Would you mind my _all the windows?一Do as you like，please07淄博市Aclose B will close Cclosing Dto close Ato play B playing CplayedMany people think its very important us learn English well. 貴陽A. for, to B. to, to C. with, forA. to driveB. not driveC. not to driveIf you want to know _the mobile phone, youd better read the instructions first.大連A. how to use B. how to makeC. where to mendD. where to buy二、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞用作賓語補(bǔ)足語原則上，所有的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式均可用作賓語補(bǔ)足語，其區(qū)別是：不定式表未來，現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，過去分詞表完成和被動(dòng)。 Betty is often seen _the old man with his housework.咸寧A. helpB. to helpC. helpedD. helps三、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞用作狀語 【考例】-Linda, I am very thirsty. -Lets go to the nearest supermarket some drinks, OK? 重慶A. buy B. bought C. to buy D. buying【語法過關(guān)】1Tom likes cars. He enjoys _ model cars of all kinds. A. collectsB. collectingC. to collectD. collected2The heavy snowstorm made the mountain climbers _ halfway. A. stopB. to stopC. stoppingD. stopped3I11 give a talk tomorrow. Im thinking about . A. what to say B. how to say C. what can I say D. how can I say4My sister doesnt like the dress. She thinks it makes her fat. A. look B. looks C. to look D. looked5You may be _if you have a _ problem. A. exciting; excited B. excited; exciting C. worrying; worried D. worried; worrying6。Chinas badminton team won the Sudirman Cup for the fifth time; they deserved_.A. to reward B. rewarding C. to be rewarded D. being rewarded7。- Mum, Im hungry. - What about going to McDonalds _ fried chicken? A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. and eat8Your father is sleeping. Youd better _. A. not to wake him up B. not wake him up C. not wake up him D. not to wake up him9If everyone makes a contribution _ the environment, our country will become more beautiful. A. to protect B. in protectingC. to protecting D. for protecting10Ive made it possible for my computersthe same programs by means of networking. A. to shareB. shareC. sharedD. shares11Internet bars mustnt let people under 18 in or let anybody_ bad things. A. watch B. to watchC. watching D. watches12Shopping with me?Sorry. I have a lot of clothes _. Ato washBwashedCwashDto be washed13I want to buy a digital camera online. Can you show me _ the Internet? A.searchB.to searchC.how to searchD.what to search14It _ Yang Liwei about 21 hours _the earth 14 times in his spaceship. A. spent, circling B. took, traveling C. spent, to travel D. took, to circle15The litt