【志鴻優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)】高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專題 省略句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句 外研版.doc

語(yǔ)法專題九省略句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句一、省略考點(diǎn)一不定式中的省略1感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞（feel，notice，see，hear，let，make，have等）后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)常省略to。i heard my father sing in the kitchen.2在由and或or連接的并列不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中常省略后面的to。i want to finish my homework and go home.3在某些形容詞（如：glad，happy，pleased等）后面時(shí)常保留to而省略上文已提到的動(dòng)詞原形。will you join us in the game?id be glad to.4在do nothing but，cant help but，why not，would rather.than.，had better等句型中省略to。the little boy could do nothing but cry.5to后的內(nèi)容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式中有have或be的任何形式，后應(yīng)該保留原形be或have。susan is not what she used to be.考點(diǎn)二定語(yǔ)從句中的省略1在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，如果關(guān)系代詞that，which，whom作從句中的賓語(yǔ)，可將關(guān)系代詞省略。do you know the man（whom）our teacher spoke to?2先行詞the way（關(guān)系詞作狀語(yǔ)），time（次數(shù)）后的定語(yǔ)從句常省略關(guān)系詞。i dont like the way（in which/that）he spoke to others.i cant remember how many times（that）i have failed.考點(diǎn)三狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略1當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致且從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有be時(shí)，可省略狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。when（he was）young，he helped his parents do a lot of housework.2當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)是it，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以把it和be一起省略。此時(shí)構(gòu)成“連詞（if，unless，when，whenever）形容詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。though（it was）cold，he still wore a shirt.please call me if（it is）necessary.3if so/not省略句式中，用so/not代替上文的內(nèi)容。get up early tomorrow.if not（if you dont get up early），you will miss the early bus.二、強(qiáng)調(diào)考點(diǎn)一強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)1強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“it is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分that/who其他成分”用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等除謂語(yǔ)之外的成分。it在句中無(wú)意義，只起引出被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分的作用。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分指人時(shí)，除可用that外，還可換用who（強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)指人時(shí)也可用whom）。其他情況一律用that。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，that后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。it is i who/that am from america.2強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，that或who后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式仍然取決于原句中的主語(yǔ)；be的變化只有is和was兩種形式，如果要表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)、將來(lái)時(shí)的其他各種形式時(shí)，就用it is.，表達(dá)過(guò)去時(shí)的各種形式時(shí)，用it was.。it was him that i met on the street yesterday.考點(diǎn)二強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)1一般疑問(wèn)句： is/ was it被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that/ who其他部分（用陳述語(yǔ)序）was it tom that won the first prize?2特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞is/wasitthat該句的其余部分，that后只能使用陳述語(yǔ)序。when was it that you met the pop star?3在“not.until”強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，由until所引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或從句作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用固定的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：itis/wasnot until.that該句的其余部分，that所引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式。it was not until you came back that i finished the work.考點(diǎn)三強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語(yǔ)從句，主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別強(qiáng)調(diào)句型要注意和it代表時(shí)間、距離、溫度、自然現(xiàn)象、具體事物或人物等時(shí)所構(gòu)成的各種句型的區(qū)別。判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，可采用“還原法”，即把“it is/was.that/who”去掉，如果還原為一般句式后，句子各種成分完整，則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，否則不是。1強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句中that是充當(dāng)從句的成分的，而在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，that無(wú)任何意義。it was at midnight that i got back home yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句，that無(wú)意義）it was the street that he took a photo of.（定語(yǔ)從句，that 充當(dāng)從句中of的賓語(yǔ)）2強(qiáng)調(diào)句與主語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別主語(yǔ)從句中it作形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)真正的主語(yǔ)從句，去掉it be和that句式不完整。若為強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，去掉之后句式完整。it is a fact that he is an honest man.（主語(yǔ)從句）it is he that is an honest man.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）3強(qiáng)調(diào)句與狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別尤其出現(xiàn)“it be時(shí)間”時(shí)，一定要區(qū)分是強(qiáng)調(diào)句還是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。it was eight oclock when he came back.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）it was at eight oclock that he came back.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）考點(diǎn)四do表強(qiáng)調(diào)1在一般句型中，do（does，did）常用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣，在句中要重讀，且需符合下列兩個(gè)條件：一是句子是肯定句；二是句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。此時(shí)的do可譯為“真的”“果真”“的確”“確實(shí)”等。you do look nice today.你今天看起來(lái)真的很漂亮。2在祈使句中，do表示強(qiáng)烈的請(qǐng)求，而不是命令，有時(shí)它可以使對(duì)對(duì)方的邀請(qǐng)更加客氣、熱情、友好、親切，此時(shí)的do可譯為“務(wù)”“務(wù)必”等。please do sit down.務(wù)請(qǐng)坐下。1（2012上海高考）was it by cutting down staff _ she saved the firm?no，it was by improving work efficiency.awhenbwhatchow dthat2（2012重慶高考）it was 80 years before christopher columbus crossed the atlantic _ zheng he had sailed to east africa.awhen bthat cafter dsince3（2012湖南高考）it was not until i came here _ i realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.awho bthat cwhere dbefore4（2011陜西高考）it is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do _ benefits our work most.awho bwhich cthat dwhat5（2011重慶高考）have you seen the film under the hawthorn tree?of course，i have.it was in our village _ it was made.athat bwhere cwhen dwhich6（2011湖南高考）its not what we do once in a while _shapes our lives，but what we do consistently.awhich bthat chow dwhen7（2011全國(guó)高考）it was a nice meal，_ a little expensive.athough bwhether cas dsince8（2011江蘇高考）it sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine._，wed better take it to the garage immediately.aotherwise bif notcbut for that dif so9（2013河北保定八校聯(lián)考）you ought to have thought of that，but you _.ahavent bdidnt cdont dcant10（2013成都高新區(qū)統(tǒng)一測(cè)試）i saw your uncle take a taxi to the airport.why didnt you drive him there?i _.but my car _.awould；was fixed bwould have；was fixedcwould have；was being fixed ddid；was being fixed11have you been to the great wall?perhaps not in my memory._，it might have been during my early childhood.aif any bif ever cif not dif possible12（2013遼寧鞍山模擬）in summer，food will go bad if _ in room temperature.aleaving bleftcbeing left dhaving left13（2013北京朝陽(yáng)期中）he didnt feel a bit nervous when_.no.hed spent a lot of time preparing for it after all.ainterviewing binterviewedchaving interviewed dto be interviewed14（2013福建三明期中）_ you write so well?by reading and keeping diaries every day.ahow is it bwhat is itchow is it that dwhat is it that15（2013山西山大附中期中）will you go to see the movie a simple noodle story tomorrow evening?no，i am going to a lecture，or at least i am planning _.ato bso cgo dthat16（2013甘肅天水模擬）can you tell me _ it was _ your brothers cell phone was lost?awhere；that bwhich；thatcthat；where dwhere；which17（2013河北邯鄲質(zhì)檢）have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?yes，_，im going to visit an old friend in the city.aif ever bif busycif anything dif possible18（2013四川成都外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校月考）having an outdoor meal is always fun，but it can also be damaging to the planet if _.aplanned not carefully bnot planning carefullycnot planned carefully dnot to be planned carefully19why was _ that the old woman was sent to prison?ahe bit cthat dwhat20（2013江西師大附中英語(yǔ)月考）mr green didnt understand _made his daughter so absentminded this morning.ahow that was bwhat was itcwhy it was that dwhat it was that21（2013云南玉溪一中英語(yǔ)月考）i would have paid a visit to you _ possible.aif it were bwould it bechad it been dshould it have been參考答案 1d從句意的連貫看，本空所在問(wèn)句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問(wèn)句，陳述句的表達(dá)是it was by cutting down staff that she saved the firm.（她通過(guò)裁減員工挽救了公司）因此本空選d項(xiàng)。2b強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)。句意：是在克里斯托弗哥倫布橫渡大西洋80年前，鄭和就已經(jīng)航海到了非洲東部。故選b項(xiàng)。3b句意：我直到來(lái)到這兒才意識(shí)到此處出名的不僅是它的美而且還有這里的天氣。判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的方法是將it is/was.that去掉時(shí)句式是否完整。不難看出此處是強(qiáng)調(diào)not until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故b項(xiàng)正確。4c句意：不是我們做了多少而是我們?cè)谒龅氖虑橹型度肓硕嗌賽?ài)對(duì)我們的工作最有益。該強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子的主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)是not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do。5a句意：你看過(guò)山楂樹之戀這部電影嗎？當(dāng)然了。這部電影就是在我們村子里拍攝的。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知in our village 在句中作狀語(yǔ)，故用that 構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。6b分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)，not.but.連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)。句意：決定我們的生活的不是我們偶爾做的事情，而是我們一貫做的事情。故選b項(xiàng)。7a句意：那是一頓不錯(cuò)的飯，盡管有點(diǎn)貴。though“盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，該句是省略句，補(bǔ)全后為“though it was a little expensive”。注意as也可以表示“盡管”，但as作“盡管”講時(shí)，必須使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)；whether “是否”與since“因?yàn)?，自從”不符合語(yǔ)境。8d句意：聽(tīng)起來(lái)車的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)好像有問(wèn)題，如果是那樣的話，我們最好立刻把它弄到汽修廠去。otherwise“否則，要不然”；if not“要不，不然”；but for that“若不是因?yàn)槟羌隆?；if so“若是這樣”。9b句意：你本來(lái)應(yīng)該想到的，但你沒(méi)有。后面的句子是省略句，補(bǔ)充完整為：but you didnt think of that。10c句意：我看見(jiàn)你叔叔乘出租車去飛機(jī)場(chǎng)了。你為什么不開(kāi)車送他呢？我本來(lái)應(yīng)該去的，但我的車子正在修理。第一個(gè)空是省略的形式，補(bǔ)充完整為：i would have driven him there。fix和my car之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，而且表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作正進(jìn)行，故選c項(xiàng)。11bif ever是if i have ever been to the great wall的省略。12b將從句補(bǔ)充完整為：if it is left in room temperature。從句主語(yǔ)與主句