硬度及強(qiáng)度換算表.doc

硬度表示材料抵抗硬物體壓入其表面的能力。它是金屬材料的重要性能指標(biāo)之一。一般硬度越高，耐磨性越好。常用的硬度指標(biāo)有布氏硬度、洛氏硬度和維氏硬度。 1.布氏硬度(HB)以一定的載荷(一般3000kg)把一定大小(直徑一般為10mm)的淬硬鋼球壓入材料表面，保持一段時(shí)間，去載后，負(fù)荷與其壓痕面積之比值，即為布氏硬度值(HB)，單位為公斤力/mm2 (N/mm2)。 2.洛氏硬度(HR)當(dāng)HB450或者試樣過(guò)小時(shí)，不能采用布氏硬度試驗(yàn)而改用洛氏硬度計(jì)量。它是用一個(gè)頂角120的金剛石圓錐體或直徑為1.59、3.18mm的鋼球，在一定載荷下壓入被測(cè)材料表面，由壓痕的深度求出材料的硬度。根據(jù)試驗(yàn)材料硬度的不同，分三種不同的標(biāo)度來(lái)表示： HRA：是采用60kg載荷和鉆石錐壓入器求得的硬度，用于硬度極高的材料(如硬質(zhì)合金等)。 HRB：是采用100kg載荷和直徑1.58mm淬硬的鋼球，求得的硬度，用于硬度較低的材料(如退火鋼、鑄鐵等)。 HRC：是采用150kg載荷和鉆石錐壓入器求得的硬度，用于硬度很高的材料(如淬火鋼等)。3 維氏硬度(HV)以120kg以內(nèi)的載荷和頂角為136的金剛石方形錐壓入器壓入材料表面，用材料壓痕凹坑的表面積除以載荷值，即為維氏硬度HV值(kgf/mm2)。邵氏硬度（HA） 邵氏硬度專用在橡膠方面的硬度測(cè)試做橡膠的應(yīng)該知道怎么測(cè)邵氏硬度（HA） 用于橡膠、塑料等材料的硬度測(cè)定，將一定形狀的鋼制壓針，在試驗(yàn)力作用下壓入試樣表面，當(dāng)壓足平面與試樣表面緊密貼合時(shí)，測(cè)量壓針相對(duì)壓足平面的伸出長(zhǎng)度。通過(guò)公式計(jì)算出邵氏硬度值。具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、使用方便、型小體輕、讀數(shù)直觀等特點(diǎn)。A型參數(shù)：刻度盤(pán)值：0-100HA；壓針行程范圍：02.5mm；壓針端部壓力：0.055N-8.05N；壓針頂 端直徑：0.79mm+-0.03mm。黑色金屬硬度及強(qiáng)度換算表硬度抗拉強(qiáng)度（公斤/毫米2）洛氏表面洛氏維氏布氏碳鋼鉻鋼鉻釩鋼鉻鎳鋼鉻鉬鋼鉻鎳鉬鋼鉻錳硅鋼超高強(qiáng)度鋼不銹鋼不分鋼種HRCHRAHR15NHR30NHR45NHVHB30D2(70.0)86.61037本欄適用二換算精度要求不高的一般鋼種 (69.5)86.31017(69.0)86.1997(68.5)85.8978(68.0)85.5959(67.5)85.294167.085.092366.584.790666.084.488965.584.187265.083.992.281.371.785664.583.692.181.071.284064.083.391.980.670.682563.583.191.880.270.181063.082.891.779.869.579562.582.591.579.469.078062.082.291.479.068.476661.582.091.278.667.975261.081.791.078.167.373960.581.490.877.766.872660.081.290.677.366.2713269.1260.759.580.990.476.965.6700262.3255.159.080.690.276.565.1688255.8249.658.580.390.076.164.5676249.6244.358.080.189.875.663.9664243.7239.157.579.889.675.263.4653238.234.157.079.589.474.862.8642232.6229.356.579.389.174.462.2631227.4224.656.079.088.973.961.7620222.4220.155.578.788.673.561.1609217.7215.755.078.588.473.160.5599206.6209.8208.6213.1211.554.578.288.172.659.9589203.3206.1204.8208.7207.454.077.987.972.259.4579200.0202.5201.0204.5203.453.577.787.671.858.8570196.8199.0197.4200.5199.553.077.487.471.358.2561193.7195.5192.5198.5193.8196.7195.752.577.187.170.957.6551190.6192.0189.3195.1190.3193.0192.152.076.986.870.457.1543188.1187.5188.7186.1191.8187.0189.4188.551.576.686.670.056.5534184.1184.5185.4183.0188.6183.6186.0185.151.076.386.369.555.9525(501)180.3181.6182.1179.9185.4180.4182.7181.750.576.186.069.155.3517(494)176.7178.7179.0176.9182.3177.3179.5178.5硬度抗拉強(qiáng)度（公斤/毫米2）洛氏表面洛氏維氏布氏碳鋼鉻鋼鉻釩鋼鉻鎳鋼鉻鉬鋼鉻鎳鉬鋼鉻錳硅鋼超高強(qiáng)度鋼不銹鋼不分鋼種HRCHRAHR15NHR30NHR45NHVHB30D250.075.885.768.654.7509(488)174.4173.1175.8175.8173.9179.3174.2176.5175.9175.349.575.585.568.254.2501(481)171.4169.8173.0172.8171.0176.2171.2173.5172.3172.249.075.385.267.753.6493(474)168.6166.6170.2169.8168.2173.3168.3170.7168.8169.248.575.084.967.353.0485(468)165.8163.5167.5166.9165.4170.4165.4167.9165.5166.348.074.784.666.852.4478(461)163.1160.5164.9164.0162.6167.6162.7165.2162.3163.547.574.584.366.451.8470(455)160.6157.6162.3161.2159.9164.8160.0162.5159.2160.847.074.284.065.951.2463449158.1154.9159.7158.4157.3162.0157.3160.0156.3158.146.573.983.765.550.7456442155.6152.2157.2155.7154.7159.3154.7157.5153.5155.546.073.783.565.050.1449436153.3149.7154.7153.1152.2156.7152.2155.0150.8152.945.573.483.264.649.5443430151.0147.2152.2150.5149.7154.1149.8152.6148.2150.445.073.282.964.148.9436424148.8144.8149.8148.0147.2151.6147.4150.2145.7148.044.572.982.663.648.3429418146.6142.6147.5145.5144.8149.1145.0147.8143.3145.744.072.682.363.247.7423413144.5140.3145.2143.1142.5146.7142.7145.5141.0143.443.572.482.062.747.1417407142.5138.2142.9140.8140.2144.3140.5143.2138.7141.143.072.181.762.346.5411401140.5136.1140.7138.5137.9142.0138.4140.9136.6138.942.571.881.461.845.9405396138.6134.1138.5136.2135.7139.7136.2138.5134.5136.842.071.681.161.345.4399391136.7132.2136.4134.0133.6137.5134.2136.2132.5134.741.571.380.860.944.8393385134.8130.3134.3131.9131.5135.3132.2133.9130.5132.741.071.180.560.444.2388380133.1128.4132.2129.8129.4133.1130.2131.5128.6130.740.570.880.260.043.6382375131.3126.7130.2127.7127.4131.0128.3129.1126.8128.7硬度抗拉強(qiáng)度（公斤/毫米2）洛氏表面洛氏維氏布氏碳鋼鉻鋼鉻釩鋼鉻鎳鋼鉻鉬鋼鉻鎳鉬鋼鉻錳硅鋼超高強(qiáng)度鋼不銹鋼不分鋼種HRCHRAHR15NHR30NHR45NHVHB30D240.070.579.959.543.0377370129.6124.9128.2125.7125.4129.0126.4126.7125.0126.839.570.379.659.042.4372365127.9123.2126.2123.8123.5127.0124.6124.3123.3125.039.070.079.358.641.8367360126.3121.6124.3121.9121.6125.0122.8121.8121.6123.238.579.058.141.2362355124.6119.9122.5120.0119.7123.1121.1119.3120.0121.438.078.757.640.6357350123.1118.4120.6118.2117.9121.2119.4118.4119.737.578.457.240.0352345121.5116.8118.8116.5116.2119.4117.7116.8118.037.078.156.739.4347341120.0115.3117.1114.8114.4117.6116.1115.3116.336.577.856.238.8342336118.5113.8115.3113.1112.8115.8114.6113.8114.736.077.555.838.2338332117.0112.4113.6111.5111.1114.1113.0112.3113.135.577.255.337.6333327115.6110.9112.0109.9109.5112.5111.5110.9111.535.077.054.837.0329323114.1109.5110.4108.4107.9110.8110.1109.5110.034.576.754.436.5324318112.7108.2108.8106.9106.4109.2108.6108.1108.534.076.453.935.9320314111.3106.8107.2105.4104.9107.7107.3106.7107.033.576.153.435.3316310110.0105.5105.7104.0103.5106.2105.9105.4105.633.075.853.034.7312306108.6104.2104.2102.7102.0104.7104.6104.1104.232.575.552.534.1308302107.3102.9102.7101.3100.7103.2103.3102.8102.832.075.252.033.5304298106.0101.6101.3100.199.3101.8102.0101.5101.531.574.951.632.9300294104.7100.499.98.898.0100.5100.8100.3100.131.074.751.132.3296291103.499.198.597.696.799.199.699.098.930.574.450.631.7292287102.197.997.296.495.597.898.597.897.6硬度抗拉強(qiáng)度（公斤/毫米2）洛氏表面洛氏維氏布氏碳鋼鉻鋼鉻釩鋼鉻鎳鋼鉻鉬鋼鉻鎳鉬鋼鉻錳硅鋼超高強(qiáng)度鋼不銹鋼不分鋼種HRCHRAHR15NHR30NHR45NHVHB30D230.074.150.231.1289283100.996.795.995.394.396.697.396.696.429.573.849.730.528528099.795.594.694.293.195.396.295.495.129.073.549.229.928127698.494.393.393.291.994.195.194.294.028.573.348.729.327827397.293.292.192.290.893.094.193.192.828.073.048.328.727426996.192.090.991.289.791.893.091.991.727.572.747.828.127126694.990.989.790.288.790.792.090.890.627.072.447.327.526826393.789.888.689.387.789.791.089.789.526.572.246.926.926426092.688.787.588.486.788.690.188.588.426.071.946.426.326125791.487.686.487.685.787.689.287.587.425.571.645.925.725825490.386.585.386.884.786.688.286.486.425.071.445.525.125525189.285.584.386.083.887.485.385.424.571.145.024.525224888.184.483.385.283.086.584.384.424.070.844.523.924924587.083.482.384.582.185.683.283.523.570.644.023.324624286.082.481.383.881.384.882.282.523.070.343.622.724324084.981.480.383.180.584.081.281.622.570.043.122.124023783.980.479.482.579.783.280.280.822.069.842.621.523723482.979.478.581.978.982.579.279.921.568.542.221.023423281.978.577.681.378.281.778.279.121.069.341.720.423122980.977.576.780.777.581.077.378.220.569.041.219.822922779.976.675.980.276.880.376.477.420.068.840.719.222622579.075.775.179.776.179.675.476.7(19.5)68.540.318.622322278.074.874.379.275.578.974.575.9(19.0)68.339.818.022122077.173.973.578.874.978.273.775.2(18.5)68.039.317.421821876.273.172.778.374.377.672.874.4(18.0)67.838.916.821621675.372.371.977.973.776.971.973.7(17.5)67.638.416.221421474.471.471.277.573.176.371.173.1(17.0)67.337.915.621121173.670.670.577.272.675.770.372.4注：1、帶括號(hào)的硬盤(pán)值僅供參考。 2、本表所列各個(gè)鋼系的換算值，對(duì)含碳量由低到高的鋼鐘基本適用。硬度抗拉強(qiáng)度(公斤/毫米3)洛氏表面洛氏維氏布氏HRBHR15THR30THR45THVHB10D2100.091.581.771.723380.399.591.381.471.223079.399.091.281.070.722778.398.591.180.770.222577.398.090.980.469.622276.397.590.880.169.121975.497.090.679.868.621674.496.590.579.468.121473.596.090.479.167.621172.695.590.278.867.120871.795.090.178.566.520670.894.589.978.266.020370.094.089.877.865.520169.193.589.777.565.019968.393.089.577.264.519667.592.589.476.964.019466.792.089.376.663.419165.991.589.176.262.918965.191.089.075.962.418764.490.588.875.661.918563.690.088.775.361.418362.989.588.675.060.918062.189.088.474.660.317861.488.588.374.359.817660.788.088.174.059.317460.187.588.073.758.817259.487.087.973.458.317058.786.587.773.057.816858.186.087.672.757.216657.585.587.572.456.716556.885.087.372.156.216356.284.587.271.855.716155.684.087.071.455.215955.083.586.971.154.715754.583.086.870.854.115653.982.586.670.553.615414053.482.086.570.253.115213852.881.586.369.852.615113752.381.086.269.552.114913651.880.586.169.251.614813451.380.085.968.951.014613350.879.585.868.650.514513250.379.085.768.250.014313049.878.585.567.949.514212949.478.085.467.649.014012848.977.585.267.348.513912748.577.085.167.047.913812648.076.585.066.647.413612547.676.084.866.346.913512447.275.584.766.046.413412346.875.084.565.745.913212246.474.584.