04.1動力裝置.doc

4 動力裝置POWER PLANT4.1 航空發(fā)動機(jī)類型AERO-ENGINE TYPE噴氣式發(fā)動機(jī)jet engine空氣噴氣發(fā)動機(jī)aerojet engine渦輪發(fā)動機(jī)turbine engine渦輪噴氣發(fā)動機(jī)turbo jet engine渦輪風(fēng)扇（渦扇）發(fā)動機(jī)turbo-fan engine燃?xì)鉁u輪發(fā)動機(jī)gas turbine engine軸流式渦輪噴氣發(fā)動機(jī)axial turbojet engine單轉(zhuǎn)子渦輪噴氣發(fā)動機(jī)single-spool turbo-jet engine雙轉(zhuǎn)子渦輪噴氣發(fā)動機(jī)two-spool turbo-jet engine單軸發(fā)動機(jī)single-shaft engine雙軸發(fā)動機(jī)two-shaft engine亞音速噴氣發(fā)動機(jī)subsonic jet engine安裝于機(jī)身的發(fā)動機(jī)fuselage-mounted engine安裝于機(jī)翼的發(fā)動機(jī)wing-mounted engine輔助動力裝置Auxiliary Power Unit APU4.2 發(fā)動機(jī)部件/系統(tǒng)ENGINE COMPONENT/SYSTEM4.2.1 發(fā)動機(jī)整流罩ENGINE COWLING短艙nacelle進(jìn)氣道inlet 進(jìn)氣錐inlet dome風(fēng)扇段整流罩fan cowl風(fēng)扇段艙門fan cowl door風(fēng)扇管道整流罩fan duct cowl反推力裝置整流罩thrust reverser cowl固定整流罩fixed cowl可移動整流罩movable cowl反推力裝置外罩環(huán)T/R outer sleeve反推力裝置內(nèi)罩環(huán)T/R inner sleeve后部發(fā)動機(jī)核心段整流罩aft engine core cowl噴管整流罩nozzle cowl主噴管primary nozzle風(fēng)扇排氣噴管fan exhaust nozzle中心體centerbody4.2.2動力裝置相關(guān)術(shù)語和零/組件TERM AND PART/ASSY RELATIVE TO POWER PLANT推力thrust 單位推力specific thrust單位迎面推力thrust per frontal area推重比thrust to weight ratio耗油率,耗油量fuel consumption單位耗油率specific fuel consumption熱效率thermal efficiency推進(jìn)效率propulsive efficiency總效率overall efficiency空氣流量airflow涵道比bypass ratio增壓比pressure ratio發(fā)動機(jī)特性engine characteristics設(shè)計(jì)點(diǎn)design point 非設(shè)計(jì)點(diǎn)off-design point速度特性velocity characteristics高度特性altitude characteristics節(jié)流特性throttle characteristics發(fā)動機(jī)加速性engine acceleration發(fā)動機(jī)減速性engine deceleration共同工作線operating line聲學(xué)處理acoustic treatment消聲壁板acoustic panel 聲學(xué)襯墊acoustic liner防冰anti-icing短艙防冰nacelle anti-icing進(jìn)氣道防冰inlet anti-icing發(fā)動機(jī)起動engine start地面起動ground start空中起動air start熱起動hot start起動（轉(zhuǎn)速）懸掛hung start發(fā)動機(jī)工況engine operating condition / power rating最大起飛maximum take-off最大連續(xù)maximum continuous經(jīng)濟(jì)巡航economic cruising靈活起飛flexible takeoff靈活減推起飛re-rated takeoff降低推力起飛derated takeoff復(fù)飛go around飛行慢車flight idle進(jìn)近慢車approach idle反推慢車reverse idle著陸慢車landing idle風(fēng)車windmill風(fēng)車轉(zhuǎn)速windmill speed空中停車in-flight shutdown單發(fā)停車engine-out單發(fā)失效one engine inoperative喪失推力控制loss of thrust control手動功率儲備manual power reserve自動功率儲備automatic power reserve發(fā)動機(jī)engine當(dāng)?shù)匕l(fā)動機(jī)local engine對側(cè)發(fā)動機(jī)cross engine發(fā)動機(jī)壓力比engine pressure ratio發(fā)動機(jī)狀態(tài)，功率狀態(tài)engine rating發(fā)動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速engine speed每分鐘轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)rotations per minute核心機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速core rotor speed發(fā)動機(jī)熄火engine flameout發(fā)動機(jī)燃油控制開關(guān)engine fuel control switch發(fā)動機(jī)起動機(jī)控制開關(guān)engine starter control switch發(fā)動機(jī)接口控制組件engine interface control unit發(fā)動機(jī)狀態(tài)監(jiān)控engine condition monitoring發(fā)動機(jī)振動監(jiān)控engine vibration monitoring集成發(fā)動機(jī)振動監(jiān)控integrated engine vibration monitoring發(fā)動機(jī)電子控制Engine Electronic Control EEC全權(quán)數(shù)字式發(fā)動機(jī)控制Full Authority Digital Engine Control FADEC自動起飛推力控制系統(tǒng)automatic takeoff thrust control system推力管理系統(tǒng)thrust management system起飛推力參數(shù)控制函數(shù)takeoff thrust parameters control function油門臺throttle control quadrant油門桿角度throttle lever angle, power lever angle超速保護(hù)overspeed protection隔離控制組件isolated control unit隔離控制活門isolated control valve在控通道in-control channel線性可變差動傳感器Linear Variable Differential Transformer LVDT旋轉(zhuǎn)可變差動傳感器Rotary Variable Differential Transformer RVDT永磁（交流）發(fā)電機(jī)Permanent Magnet Alternator PMA引氣活門bleed valve防火密封件fireseals渦流控制裝置Vortex Control Device VCD渦流發(fā)生器vortex generator阻氣門blocker door導(dǎo)流板deflector抗壓墊compression pad整流罩檢修門cowl access doors導(dǎo)軌track滑軌slider(反推）整流罩鎖cowl lock組合驅(qū)動發(fā)電機(jī)Integrated Driven Generator IDG發(fā)動機(jī)驅(qū)動泵engine driven pump發(fā)動機(jī)滑油箱/壓力釋放門 engine oil tank / pressure relief door空氣渦輪起動機(jī)air turbine starter起動機(jī)空氣排放管starter air discharge duct發(fā)電機(jī)冷卻空氣進(jìn)口generator cooling air overboard port燃油計(jì)量組件fuel metering unit燃油計(jì)量活門fuel metering valve燃油低壓電門fuel low pressure switch燃油濾彈出旁通電門fuel filter impending bypass switch滑油注入口oil filler access滑油低壓電門oil low pressure switch滑油濾彈出旁通電門oil filter impending bypass switch滑油金屬屑探測電門oil chip detector switch齒輪箱gearbox附件齒輪箱accessory gearbox傳動附件齒輪箱transfer gearbox電阻式溫度設(shè)備resistance temperature device壓力調(diào)節(jié)關(guān)斷活門pressure-regulating shutoff valve高壓調(diào)節(jié)關(guān)斷活門high pressure-regulating shutoff valve整流罩吊點(diǎn)cowl sling point整流罩安全鎖cowl safety latch整流罩撐桿cowl support strut (rod)整流罩鉸鏈cowl hinge(整流罩)作動器鎖組件actuator lock assembly快卸銷quick release pin發(fā)動機(jī)短艙engine nacelle發(fā)動機(jī)吊掛engine pylon吊掛擋板pylon aprons發(fā)動機(jī)提升接頭hoist fitting發(fā)動機(jī)安裝架engine mount安裝螺栓mounting bolts安裝接頭attach fitting電氣導(dǎo)線electrical harness4.2.3 進(jìn)氣道INLET進(jìn)氣機(jī)匣inlet case軸對稱進(jìn)氣道axisymmetric inlet亞音速進(jìn)氣道subsonic inlet有中心整流錐體的進(jìn)氣道central-body inlet收斂擴(kuò)散形進(jìn)氣道convergent-divergent inlet固定唇部的進(jìn)氣道fixed-lip inlet低阻力進(jìn)氣道low drag inlet二元進(jìn)氣道two-dimensional inlet三元進(jìn)氣道three-dimensional inlet自由流管面積free-stream tube area捕獲面積capture area預(yù)壓縮pre-compression總壓恢復(fù)系數(shù)total pressure recovery coefficient質(zhì)量流量系數(shù)mass-flow coefficient壓力畸變pressure distortion工作狀態(tài)，工況operating condition喉道throat進(jìn)口導(dǎo)向葉片Inlet Guide Vane IGV進(jìn)氣道動態(tài)特征inlet dynamic characteristic進(jìn)氣道唇口inlet lip進(jìn)氣道與發(fā)動機(jī)匹配match of inlet and engine進(jìn)氣道試驗(yàn)inlet test4.2.4 壓氣機(jī)COMPRESSOR軸流式壓氣機(jī)axial-flow compressor渦輪驅(qū)動的壓氣機(jī)turbine-driven compressor單轉(zhuǎn)子壓氣機(jī)single-spool compressor單轉(zhuǎn)子軸向式壓氣機(jī)single-spool axial compressor雙轉(zhuǎn)子壓氣機(jī)twin-spool compressor雙轉(zhuǎn)子軸向式壓氣機(jī)twin-spool axial compressor高增壓比軸流式壓氣機(jī)high-pressure ratio axial-flow compressor高壓壓氣機(jī)high-pressure HP compressor中壓壓氣機(jī)intermediate-pressure IP compressor增壓級booster低壓壓氣機(jī)low-pressure LP compressor單級壓氣機(jī)single-stage compressor雙級壓氣機(jī)double-stage compressor三級壓氣機(jī)three-stage compressor多級壓氣機(jī)multiple-stage compressor低壓級壓氣機(jī)low-stage compressor高壓級壓氣機(jī)high-stage compressor燃?xì)鉁u輪壓氣機(jī)gas-turbine compressor噴氣發(fā)動機(jī)壓氣機(jī)jet-engine compressor雙軸壓氣機(jī)twin shaft compressor葉片式壓氣機(jī)vane compressor亞音速壓氣機(jī)subsonic compressor跨音速壓氣機(jī)transonic compressor壓氣機(jī)機(jī)匣compressor case (casing)壓氣機(jī)出口壓力compressor discharge pressure低壓系統(tǒng)LOW PRESSURE LP SYSTEM低壓機(jī)匣lower pressure case風(fēng)扇fan風(fēng)扇軸fan shaft風(fēng)扇安裝盤fan disc (disk)風(fēng)扇葉片fan blade風(fēng)扇出口導(dǎo)向葉片fan outlet guide vane 風(fēng)扇空氣活門fan air valve FAV風(fēng)扇轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速fan rotor speed風(fēng)扇轉(zhuǎn)速配平fan speed trim中壓系統(tǒng)INTERMEDIATE PRESSURE IP SYSTEM增壓級壓氣機(jī)booster compressor增壓級轉(zhuǎn)子組件booster rotor assembly增壓級靜子組件booster stator assembly增壓級轉(zhuǎn)子葉片booster blade增壓級靜子葉片booster vane增壓級進(jìn)口導(dǎo)向葉片booster inlet guide vane中壓壓氣機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子IP compressor rotor中壓壓氣機(jī)靜子IP compressor stator高壓系統(tǒng)HIGH PRESSURE HP SYSTEM高壓壓氣機(jī)HP compressor壓氣機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子compressor rotor鼓筒式轉(zhuǎn)子drum-type rotor盤式轉(zhuǎn)子disc-type rotor盤鼓式（混合式）轉(zhuǎn)子disc-drum rotors壓氣機(jī)靜子compressor stator壓氣機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子葉片compressor rotor blade壓氣機(jī)靜子葉片（整流葉片）compressor stator vane可調(diào)進(jìn)口導(dǎo)向葉片variable inlet guide vane靜子葉片vane可調(diào)靜子葉片variable stator vane固定靜子葉片stationary stator vane擴(kuò)壓器diffuser放氣機(jī)構(gòu)air bleed unit可調(diào)放氣活門variable bleed valve過渡放氣活門transient bleed valve壓氣機(jī)級compressor stage亞音級subsonic stage跨音級transonic stage超音級supersonic stage壓氣機(jī)空氣流量compressor air flow壓氣機(jī)效率compressor efficiency壓氣機(jī)增壓比pressure ratio of compressor軸流式壓氣機(jī)通道axial-flow compressor passage二元流two-dimensional flow三元流three-dimensional flow壓氣機(jī)特性compressor characteristic設(shè)計(jì)點(diǎn)與非設(shè)計(jì)點(diǎn)design point and off- design point旋轉(zhuǎn)失速rotating stall壓氣機(jī)喘振compressor surging壓氣機(jī)失速compressor stall喘振邊界surge limit喘振裕度surge margin機(jī)匣處理casing treatment壓氣機(jī)試驗(yàn)compressor test試驗(yàn)相似條件testing similar condition4.2.5 燃燒室COMBUSTION CHAMBER, COMBUSTOR分管燃燒室multiple combustion chamber環(huán)形燃燒室annular combustion chamber聯(lián)管燃燒室tube-annular combustion chamber混合燃燒室mixed combustion chamber管形燃燒室can-type combustion chamber筒環(huán)形燃燒室cannular combustion chamber空氣混合室air-mixing chamber渦輪噴氣發(fā)動機(jī)燃燒室turbojet combustion chamber渦輪風(fēng)扇噴氣發(fā)動機(jī)燃燒室turbofan combustion chamber阻流式燃燒室baffle-type chamber定壓燃燒室constant-pressure combustor等溫燃燒室constant-temperature combustor高負(fù)荷燃燒室high loading combustor高壓環(huán)形燃燒室high pressure annular combustor燃?xì)獍l(fā)生器gas generator有效燃燒active combustion絕熱燃燒adiabatical combustion定壓燃燒constant-pressure combustion定容燃燒constant-volume combustion分散燃燒distributed combustion富油燃燒fuel-rich combustion高壓燃燒high-pressure combustion高速燃燒high-velocity combustion均勻燃燒homogeneous combustion理想燃燒ideal combustion不完全燃燒imperfect combustion, poor combustion起始燃燒initiating combustion瞬時(shí)燃燒instantaneous combustion反常燃燒irregular combustion等壓燃燒isobaric combustion不穩(wěn)定燃燒nonsteady combustion不持續(xù)燃燒nonsustaining combustion正常燃燒，充分燃燒normal combustion富氧化劑燃燒oxidizer-rich combustion局部燃燒partial combustion完全燃燒perfect combustion延遲燃燒retarded combustion定常流燃燒steady-flow combustion亞音速燃燒subsonic combustion表面燃燒surface combustion持續(xù)燃燒sustained combustion燃燒理論combustion theory燃燒效率combustion efficiency總壓恢復(fù)系數(shù)coefficient of total pressure recovery阻力系數(shù)drag coefficient擴(kuò)壓器效率diffuser efficiency靜壓恢復(fù)系數(shù)coefficient of static pressure recovery熱損失heat loss低熱值low calorific value余氣系數(shù)excess air coefficient油氣比fuel-air ratio加溫比temperature ratio出口溫度分布exit temperature distribution出口溫度分布系數(shù)exit temperature distribution coefficient點(diǎn)火特性ignition characteristic點(diǎn)火能量ignition energy點(diǎn)火時(shí)間ignition time點(diǎn)火延遲ignition delay停留時(shí)間residence time火焰?zhèn)鞑ニ俣萬lame velocity熄火特性blowout characteristic燃燒產(chǎn)物combustion product排氣發(fā)散exhaust emission過渡區(qū)intermediate zone摻混區(qū)dilution zone流量系數(shù)discharge coefficient燃燒室壁溫combustor wall temperature燃燒室冷卻combustor cooling燃燒室機(jī)匣combustor casing燃燒室外機(jī)匣combustor outer casing擴(kuò)壓器diffuser火焰筒flame tube, burner 氣膜冷卻式火焰筒film-cooled flame tube發(fā)汗冷卻式火焰筒sweat-cooled flame tube4.2.6 渦輪TURBINE軸流式渦輪axial-flow turbine單級渦輪single-stage turbine兩級渦輪two-stage turbine三級渦輪three-stage turbine多級渦輪multistage turbine亞音速渦輪subsonic turbine跨音速渦輪transonic turbine高壓渦輪High Pressure Turbine HPT中壓渦輪Intermediate Pressure Turbine IPT低壓渦輪Low Pressure Turbine LPT燃?xì)鉁u輪gas turbine空氣驅(qū)動渦輪air-driven turbine沖壓空氣渦輪Ram Air Turbine RAT渦輪外機(jī)匣turbine outer case渦輪導(dǎo)向葉片turbine guide vanes渦輪轉(zhuǎn)子turbine rotor渦輪軸turbine shaft渦輪轉(zhuǎn)子葉片turbine rotor blades渦輪靜子葉片（導(dǎo)向葉片）turbine stator vanes, (nozzle guide vane)渦輪靜子turbine stator葉片blade, vane導(dǎo)向葉片guide vane渦輪進(jìn)口溫度turbine inlet gas temperature渦輪級間溫度Interstage Turbine Temperature ITT高壓渦輪主動間隙控制high pressure turbine active clearance control低壓渦輪主動間隙控制low pressure turbine active clearance control渦輪效率turbine efficiency高溫渦輪試驗(yàn)high temperature turbine test渦輪葉片冷卻效果試驗(yàn)cooling effectiveness test of turbine blade全尺寸渦輪試驗(yàn)full size turbine test4.2.7 發(fā)動機(jī)排氣系統(tǒng)ENGINE EXHAUST SYSTEM風(fēng)扇排氣fan exhaust渦輪排氣turbine exhaust渦輪排氣整流錐turbine exhaust cone (plug)尾噴管tailpipe nozzle排氣管exhaust pipe亞音速噴管subsonic nozzle消音噴管sound-suppression nozzle反推(力）裝置thrust reverser T/R靶式反推裝置target-type thrust reverser門式反推裝置door-type thrust reverser葉柵式反推裝置cascade-type thrust reverser風(fēng)扇函道反推裝置fan thrust reverser內(nèi)函道反推裝置turbin