中考英語語法講解資料及練 第14講賓語從句.doc

中考英語語法講解資料及練習(xí)第14講：賓語從句 一個句子如果加上賓語從句，句子顯然變復(fù)雜了，也變的difficult了，其實，你大可不必發(fā)愁。只要掌握好賓語從句的用法，一切問題就迎刃而解了。 賓語從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引出。我們根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞不同，可把賓語從句分為三類。 以that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 如：I hear that you have passed the examination. Good luck! 以if 和whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 如：I dont know if you can come tomorrow. 以連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 如：Please tell me how you can get here. 運用賓語從句要注意以下幾點：賓語從句的語序一定是陳述句語序。主句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)如果是過去時態(tài)，賓語從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)要選用相應(yīng)的過去某一種形式。 如果賓語從句表示的是客觀真理，事實時，即使主句是過去式，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。 練習(xí)： 1. She asked me if I knew _. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it 2. I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B. where C. what D. when 3. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you. A. if, whether B. whether, whether C. if, That D. if, If 4. The small children dont know _. A. what is their stockings in B. where is in their stockings C. where is their stocking in D. what in their stockings 5. Can you tell me _? A. when does the ship leave B. when the ship will leave C. when the ship leave D. when will the ship leave 6. Can you tell me _? A. when did he come B. when he came C. when did he came D. he came when 7. Can you tell me _ the radio ? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended 8. He asked his father _. A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen 9. I didnt know what colour_. A. is the bag B.the bag is C. was the bag D. the bag was 10. Could you tell me _ with the money? A. how to do B. what should I do C. how should I do D. what I should do 實踐： 1.We are _ going to the factory and work there. A. briefly B. lately C. recently D. shortly 2.For most students, their teachers advice is more important than _ of their parents. A. one B. what C. which D. that 3.They talked in a low voice _ be heard by others. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. so as to 4.Not until this evening _ that the meeting had been put off. A. I did know B. did I know C. I knew D. I have known 5.We are looking forward to seeing you again,and well be very disappointed if you _. A. didnt come B. havent come C. wont come D.dont come 6.If I _ there earlier, I _ him. A. had arrived ,would have met B. have arrived, would have C. arrived, have met D. arrived, had met 7.Lily is said _ for London last month. A. to have left B. to leave C. to be leaving D. to be left 8.Life on earth _ impossible unless we stop destroying the forest and poisoning the oceans. A. was B. has been C. will have been D. will be 9.The twins will go fishing with us this weekend _ they are free. A. though B. if C. whether D. but 10. -_ we go at 8:00? -What about _ it a little earlier? A. Shall, making B. Shall, to make C. Will, making D. Will, make 11.New York is bigger than _ in the United States. A. any other city B. any cities C. any city D. other cities 12.Her mother _ for more than three years. A. has died B. had died C. is dead D. has been dead 13.All the guests _ got to the classroom on time. A. invited B. being invited C. inviting D. to be invited 14.At twelve that night we arrived in the village _ we once lived. A. what B. which C. where D. that 15.He ran from house to house, _ people the good news. A. told B. telling C. tell D. to tell在復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句是初中英語中最重要的一種從句，它內(nèi)容完整，句型結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，主句和從句時態(tài)搭配要求嚴(yán)格，在中考試題中頻頻出現(xiàn)。而且學(xué)好賓語從句也可為到高中學(xué)習(xí)間接引語、主語從句、表語從句及同位語從句打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句并不難，只要你能過好下面的三道關(guān)：第一關(guān)，選好連接詞（也有人叫關(guān)聯(lián)詞）。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接詞，課本上寫有三類，但從學(xué)習(xí)的角度看分為四類更為實用。1連詞that：只起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語中或非正式文體中常被省略。例如：1）Heknew（that）heshouldworkhard2）Iamglad（that）youvepassedtheexam2連詞whether或if：它們起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，口語中多用if。例如：3）Doyouknowwhetherhewillridehereat8tomorrowmorning？（注：2002上海市徐匯區(qū)中考試題填上答案后的句子。以下再有這種例句，都為2002年中考題，只寫某地。）4）Tomdidntknowifwhetherhisgrandpalikedthepresent作“是否”解的if和whether在具體用法上差別較大，同學(xué)們不易掌握。在賓語從句中用whether沒有用if時受到那么多限制。例如：5）HeaskedmewhetherornotIwascoming他問我是否要來。（該句中的whether不能換成if，因為if不能與or連用。）3連接代詞who，whom，whose，what，which：它們起連接作用，作句子成分，各有其自己的意義。例如：6）Theteacheraskedthenewstudentwhichclasshewasin？（武漢市）（which引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作定語，修飾class，意為“哪個”。）7）Canyoutellmewhomheiswaitingfor？（天津市）4連接副詞when，where，why，how：起連接作用，分別作時間、地點、原因、方式狀語，各有其自己的意義。例如：8）Iwonderwherehegotsomuchmoney對他從哪里弄到那么多錢我感到疑惑。（where在從句中作地點狀語，修飾got，意為“哪里；什么地方”。）9）Hedidnttellmehowoldhisfriendwas（四川省）（how引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作程度狀語，修飾old，意為“怎樣；如何”等意。）第二關(guān)，牢記賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序，即“連接詞主語謂語其他”。這里特別強調(diào)的是，它的主語和謂語的語序是陳述句的語序，不是疑問句的倒裝語序。例如：10）Youmustrememberwhatyourteachersaid（河南省）11）Dad，doyouknowwhenthefootballgamewillstart？Inhalfanhour（寧波市）12）漢譯英：你能不能告訴我，我們?nèi)タ赐l？誤：Canyoutellmewho（m）dowehavetosee？正：Canyoutellmewho（m）wehavetosee？錯句的錯誤出在賓語從句中誤用了疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)主語前加了個助動詞do。因為我們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了特殊疑問句，如WhattimedoestheplanearriveinParis？就順口說出“DoyouknowwhattimedoestheplanearriveinParis？”這種錯誤句子來。但是一旦我們注意了，我們不久就習(xí)慣于說“DoyouknowwhattimetheplanearrivesinParis？”了。第三關(guān)，注意時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)。賓語從句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)，常常受主句謂語時態(tài)的制約，這種現(xiàn)象稱為“時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)”。例如：13）漢譯英：我原以為你今天有空的。誤：Ithought（that）youarefreetoday正：Ithought（that）youwouldbefreetoday錯句中賓語從句用are很可能是因為有today，但因為主句謂語是thought，所以從句謂語就該用過去將來時wouldbe了。這種時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)，如果主句謂語是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，賓語從句的謂語時態(tài)不受限制，如上述例句2），3），7），8），10），11），12）。如果主句時態(tài)是過去時，賓語從句一般要隨著改為相應(yīng)的過去時（即一般過去時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去完成時、過去將來時等）。例如：14）Hethoughthewasworkingforthepeople15）IheardshehadbeentotheGreatWall16）Johnhopedthathewouldfindajobsoon但賓語從句如果表示定理法則、永恒真理等，則不變化：17）Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun核心知識鞏固與檢測請做下列2002年中考題：1Inthebookshop，areaderaskedtheshopkeeper_WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook（北京市東城區(qū)）AthatBhowCwhatDif2Idontknow_MrGreenwillcometoseeusHewillhelpuswithourEnglish（杭州市）AwhyBwhenChowDwhere3Weneverknow_theoldmanisTheysayheisateacher（鄂州市）AwhatBwhoCwhichDwhere4Iwastold_BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers（重慶市）AthathowBhowthatCwhenthatDthatwhen5Doyouknow_？ImgoingtoseehimSorry，Idontknow（北京市海淀區(qū)）AwheredoesMrLiliveBwheredidMrLiliveCwhereMrLilivesDwhereMrLilived6Wheredoyouthink_he_thecomputer？Sorry，Ihavenoidea（南京市）A；boughtBhas；boughtCdid；buyDdoes；buy7IdontfeelverywellMumaskedme_thismorning（重慶市）AwhatthematterisBwhatiswrongCwhatthematterwasDwhatwrongwas8WhereisJack？HeisawaytospendhisholidayHesgoneeithertoHangzhouortoWuhan，butImnotsure_（南昌市）AthatBwhichCwhereDthere典型例題Key:賓語從句與中考試題14DAAD58CACC賓語從句是目前初三學(xué)生正在學(xué)習(xí)的語法內(nèi)容，也是初中英語的語法重點與難點。由于賓語從句是由陳述句、一般疑問句或特殊疑問句等轉(zhuǎn)換而來，而且時態(tài)亦要發(fā)生變化，所以不少學(xué)生在實際運用中容易發(fā)生一些錯誤。現(xiàn)將賓語從句簡單歸納如下： 賓語從句與其他名詞性從句一樣，也有三種類型： 1由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句表示陳述意義，連詞that常可被省略。例如：I hope (that) they will have fun. Mary said that she felt sleepy. Cant you see (that) Im a bird?注意：1）當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是think,believe等時，賓語從句盡管要表示否定意義，卻不用否定形式，而將think等動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?。如：I dont think he will come.我認(rèn)為他不會來。2）兩個表示陳述意義的賓語從句并列時，有時省去第一個從句的連詞that，但第二個從句的連詞that一般不可以省略。如：He told me (that)they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice. 2.由從屬連詞if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句表示“是否（有，能，已經(jīng)）”等一般疑問句的含義。例如：I wonder whether (if) he lives here.The teacher asked whether (if) they were getting ready for the English Evening.如果要強調(diào)“究竟還是不”，常用連詞whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句，后面再加or not或直接在whether后加or not。賓語從句要用陳述句語序。如：Id be interested to know whether he will see the film“House of Flying Daggers”or not.=Id be interested to know whether or no the will see the film“House of Flying Daggers”. 3.由連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which和連接副詞when,where,how,why等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句表示“誰，誰的，什么，哪（個，些），何時，何地，怎樣，為什么”等等特殊疑問句的意義。除了連接詞及被修飾的詞提前以外，賓語從句用陳述句語序。例如：To masked who could give the message to her mother.Do you know what he said just now? I wondered how old his brother was. 賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)：1）當(dāng)主句是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r的時候，賓語從句可以用所需要的任何時態(tài)。2）主句是過去時，賓語從句一般只能用過去時的某種形式；當(dāng)從句敘述的是客觀事實或一般真理時，賓語從句仍然用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。3）情態(tài)動詞must一般不用于過去時，但卻可以用于主句是過去時的賓語從句中。做賓語從句練習(xí)要記住“一連詞，二語序，三時態(tài)”。賓語從句一、定義： 用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。賓語從句可以用連詞that，連接代詞who，whom，what，which；連接副詞 how，when，where以及if和whether引起。連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中作一相應(yīng)的句子成分，if或whether表示疑問，而that沒有意義僅起連接作用。二、賓語從句的分類：1 1 作動詞的賓語從句：如：Everyone knows that he is a good student.He wondered how the pyramids were built.2 2 作介詞賓語：如：This depends on how hard you work.Is there anything wrong in what I said?3 3 作形容詞的賓語：如：They are confident that they can do the job well.I am not certain whether the train will arrive on time.三：使用賓語從句要注意的問題：1 1 賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞that的省略：在非正式場合下，that在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，可以省略。如：I think (that) you are right.2 2 形式賓語it：如果賓語從句后面跟有補語，要用形式賓語it來代替，而將從句放到補語的后面去。如：He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed. I heard it said that that factory was founded in 1901. 3賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)：如果主句的謂語是過去時，賓語從句的時態(tài)要按照時態(tài)呼應(yīng)規(guī)則進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。但是若賓語從句表示的是客觀真理或自然觀念，其謂語時態(tài)仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：He said that he had left his umbrella in the library. The teacher told the students that the Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world.4 4 賓語從句否定意義的轉(zhuǎn)移：在think, believe, suppose, expect 等動詞所根的賓語中，如果從句謂語是否定的，一般要將否定詞not轉(zhuǎn)移至主句謂語上去，而將從句賓語變?yōu)榭隙ㄐ问?。如：I dont think he has time to play chess with you.I dont suppose it is the rush hour yet.5一些動詞接的賓語從句通常要用虛擬語氣：一般說來，在一些表示堅持(insist)，命令(order，command)，建議(suggest，advise)，要求(require，demand) 等動詞之后的賓語從句中，謂語一般要用“should +動詞原形”（其中的should在美國英語中常省略，但是引導(dǎo)從句的that通常不省略）：如：She suggested that we (should) leave earlyHe ordered that the medicine (should) be sent by a special plane 6whether 與 if 引導(dǎo)介詞賓語從句時，只能用 whether，不用if；與“or not”連用時，一般用whether，不用if。 如：I am interested in whether hell go abroad We dont know whether he will come or not 7賓語從句的語序 連接詞后面為陳述語序。 如：I dont know what your name is. 8直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語 間接引語的使用應(yīng)注意選擇合適的動詞。陳述用saytell，疑問用askwonder，而祈使用 tellorder，建議用advisesuggest。注意這些動詞后面的結(jié)構(gòu)和語氣。 如：“Could you get some tea for me？” MrBlake said to his wife Mr. Blake asked his wife whether she could get some tea for him. “Shall we go dancing tonight？”John said John suggest