東莞理工學(xué)院專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)資料.doc

07屆專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料（ZJF）第一部分：專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)ALU:Arithmetic Logical Unit算術(shù)邏輯部件,運(yùn)算器SCR: silicon controlled rectifier可控硅整流器VSWR: voltage standing wave ratio電壓駐波比BNC:同軸電纜卡環(huán)形接頭FCC :federal communications commission郵電管理局AGP:accelerated graphics port加速圖形接口DVD:digital video disc數(shù)字視盤(pán)IEEE:電氣和電子工程師協(xié)會(huì)IC： Integrated circuits 集成電路LSI：Large-scale Integration大規(guī)模集成(電路)VLSI：Very Large-scale Integration 超大規(guī)模集成(電路)MSI: Medium Scale Integration中規(guī)模集成(電路)VHSIC: Very High Speed Integration 甚高速集成電路CMOS ：Complementary Metal Oxide Silicon 互補(bǔ)金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體TTL ：Transistor-transistor Logic 晶體管-晶體管邏輯（電路）MOS： Metal-Oxide-Silicon 金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體PMOS: p-type Metal-oxide semiconductor p型金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體NMOS: n-type Metal-oxide semiconductor n型金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體flip-flop 觸發(fā)器SRAM: Static Random Access Memory 靜態(tài)隨機(jī)存取存儲(chǔ)器RAM：random-access memory 隨機(jī)存取存儲(chǔ)器DRAM：Dynamic Random Access Memory 動(dòng)態(tài)隨機(jī)存取存儲(chǔ)器ROM: Read Only Memory 只讀存儲(chǔ)器EEPROM：Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM 電可擦除只讀存儲(chǔ)器MIPS： Million Instructions Per Second 每秒百萬(wàn)條指令GBW: Gain bandwidth 增益帶寬積DC: Direct Current 直流電AC: Alternating Current交流電GSM: Global System for Mobile communications全球數(shù)字移動(dòng)通信系統(tǒng)TCXO: Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator 溫度補(bǔ)償晶體振蕩器PLL: Phase Locked Loop 鎖相環(huán)VCO: Voltage Controlled Oscillator 壓控振蕩器MTSO: Mobile Telephone Switching Office移動(dòng)電話交換局MSC: Mobile Switching Center移動(dòng)交換中心PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network公共交換電話網(wǎng)First-Generation Mobile Phones: Analog Voice第一代移動(dòng)電話：模擬話音AMPS： Advanced Mobile Phone System先進(jìn)移動(dòng)電話系統(tǒng)TDM: Time Division Multiplexing 時(shí)分復(fù)用FDM: Frequency-Division Multiplexing頻分復(fù)用PCM : Pulse Code Modulation 脈沖編碼調(diào)制CB : Citizens Band 民用波段D-AMPS ：The Digital Advanced Mobile Phone SystemGSM ：The Global System for Mobile Communications全球移動(dòng)通信系統(tǒng)CDMA： Code Division Multiple Access碼分多址CPU：central processing unit 中央處理器BIOS: Basic input/output system基本輸入輸出系統(tǒng)IDE : Integrated Drive Electronics 集成驅(qū)動(dòng)電子設(shè)備 PCI： Peripheral Component Interconnect 周邊元件互連接口SCSI small computer system interface小型計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)接口 AGP: Accelerated Graphics Port加速圖形接口USB: Universal Serial Bus通用串行總線DSL: Digital Subscriber Line 數(shù)字用戶線VDSL: Very high bit-rate DSL 超高數(shù)據(jù)率數(shù)字用戶線OS：Operating system 操作系統(tǒng)LAN: Local area network局域網(wǎng)，本地網(wǎng)Ethernet 以太網(wǎng)POST: Power-On Self Test 通電自檢CD: compact disc光盤(pán)LP: long playing record慢轉(zhuǎn)密紋唱片CAD: Computer Aided Design計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì) EDA: Electronic Design Automatic電子設(shè)計(jì)自動(dòng)化HDL: Hardware Description Language硬件描述語(yǔ)言ASIC: Application Specific Integrated Circuit專(zhuān)用集成電路PLD: Programmable Logic Device可編程邏輯器件PLA: Programmable Logic Array可編程邏輯陣列RTL: Register Transfer Level寄存器傳送級(jí) CPLD: complex programmable-logic device復(fù)雜可編程邏輯器件FPGA: field-programmable gate array現(xiàn)場(chǎng)可編程門(mén)陣列MPEG: Moving Picture Expert Group運(yùn)動(dòng)圖像專(zhuān)家組ASSP: Application-Specific Standard Products專(zhuān)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)器件 IP: Intellectual Property知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán) SIP: single in-line package 單行排齊(SIP)封裝6register 寄存器comparator比較器capacitor 電容器microcontroller微處理器microprocessor 微處理器assembler匯編器transfer function傳輸/轉(zhuǎn)移函數(shù)tranducer傳感器line driver線路驅(qū)動(dòng)器level shifter電平移動(dòng)器oscillator振蕩器voltage source 電壓源current source 電流源signal conditione信號(hào)調(diào)節(jié)器actuator傳動(dòng)器integrator 積分器latch 鎖存器,鎖存Laplace transform 拉普拉斯變換rectifier整流器inductor電感器regulator穩(wěn)壓器 調(diào)節(jié)器detector檢測(cè)器tri-state buffer三態(tài)緩沖器transistor 晶體管discrete 不連續(xù)的,離散的semiconductor 半導(dǎo)體implement 實(shí)現(xiàn),工具miniaturization 小型化consumpiton 消耗component 成分,組件incorporate 合并的,一體化的mechanical 機(jī)械的magnetic有磁性的macrofunction 宏功能static靜態(tài)的dynamic動(dòng)態(tài)的configure 配置bipolar 雙極的hybrid 混合的approach 接近 方法,途徑erasable 可擦除的subtraction 減少multiplication乘法/增加permanent 永久的assembly language匯編語(yǔ)言opcode操作碼drift漂移stability穩(wěn)定性passive被動(dòng)的,無(wú)源的log/log coordinates對(duì)數(shù)-對(duì)數(shù)坐標(biāo)complex復(fù)雜的quality factor 品質(zhì)因數(shù)cascade級(jí)聯(lián)damping減幅reference voltage參加電壓switching 開(kāi)關(guān),轉(zhuǎn)換conductivity傳導(dǎo)性load current負(fù)載電流series串聯(lián)dielectric電介質(zhì)resonant(seris/parallel)串/并聯(lián)諧振skew相位偏移duty cycle占空比cordless不用電線的impedance 阻抗component部件if not如果不是amazing令人驚奇的a great deal of(大量的)solid state 固態(tài)的electronic電子的non-voatile 非易失的high density高密度code and data 代碼和數(shù)據(jù)embedded 嵌入式backup 備份as soon asavailable layer 層via 經(jīng)由(通道)share a frequency channel共用一個(gè)頻道digitized speech數(shù)字化語(yǔ)音a number of time slots若干時(shí)隙data rate數(shù)據(jù)率synchronization同步apart from除去第二部分：課本習(xí)題Unit 11.fill in the blanks with proper words, phrases or clauses. (1)The microprocessor is the central _component (部件)of the PC._All the job that you do(你做的的全部工作)on your computer is performed directly or indirectly by the processor . Obviously , it is one of the most important components of the PC, if not (如果不是)the most important . It is also , scientifically , not only one of the most amazing (令人驚奇的)parts of the PC , but one of the most amazing devices (器件)in the world of technology . The processor plays a significant role (扮演重要的角色)in the following important aspects (方面)of your computer system : Performance : The processor is probably the most important single determinant (決定性的因素)of system performance in the PC . While other component also play a key role in determining performance , the processors capabilities dictate (控制)the maximum performance of a system . The other devices only allow the processor to reach its full potential .(達(dá)到它的全部潛能)Energy Consumption and Cooling : Originally processors consumed relatively little power compared to other system devices . Newer processors can consume a great deal of (大量的)power . Power consumption has an impact on everything from cooling method selection to overall system reliability . Moterboard Support : The processor you decide to use in your system will be a major determining factor in what sort of chipset you must use , and hence what motherboard you buy . The motherboard in turn (反過(guò)來(lái))dictates many facets of your systems capabilities and performance . (2)Flash memory is a solid state (固態(tài)的) storage device-everything is electronic (電子的) . Flash memory provides a non-volatile (非易失的) , reliable , low power , low cost , high density (高密度) storage device for programmable code and data (代碼和數(shù)據(jù)) , making it extremely useful in the embedded (嵌入式) marketplace . The most noticeable attribute of the FLASH part is its ability to retain data without the need for power or battery backup (備份) . For example , lets say I had my PDA and I was typing in a casual business acquaintances telephone number . In the middle of my typing , the battery dies . If the information is in RAM , the information will be lost as soon as the battery dies . If the information is in FLASH before I lose power , the information will be available when I find another battery . 2.Translate the following passages into Chinese or English . 1)Many of the products and services in modern society are based upon the work of electrical engineers and computer scientists . The tremendous reduction over the last decade in the cost of digital electronic devices has led to an explosive growth in the use of computer science has made possible the development of new software systems of increased power , sophistication , and flexibility . 現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的許多產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)都是建立在電氣工程師和計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家的工作基礎(chǔ)之上。在過(guò)去幾十年中,數(shù)字電子器件成本的大幅下降已經(jīng)帶來(lái)了計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用爆炸性的增長(zhǎng)。與此同時(shí)，人們對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)的提高使得開(kāi)發(fā)新的更強(qiáng)大、更復(fù)雜、更靈活的軟件系統(tǒng)成為可能。4) Memory is the component of a computer (and an embedded system) that is used to store and retain information .There is always a need to store information in an embedded application, so there will always be some type of memory in the design . Many types of memory are available, thus there are many choices for embedded customers. 存儲(chǔ)器是計(jì)算機(jī)和嵌入式系統(tǒng)中用來(lái)保存信息的部件。在嵌入式應(yīng)用中需要存儲(chǔ)信息，因此，設(shè)計(jì)中總含有某種類(lèi)型的存儲(chǔ)器。現(xiàn)在有許多種可以利用的存儲(chǔ)器件，因此對(duì)于嵌入式用戶存在多種選擇。6) 現(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)的數(shù)字化程度越來(lái)越高，復(fù)雜程度也極高。要是沒(méi)有超大規(guī)模芯片技術(shù)，這是無(wú)法想象的?，F(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)太復(fù)雜了，以致其設(shè)計(jì)原理很像大型軟件系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)和電子系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)所需的背景知識(shí)存在許多相同之處，而現(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)這個(gè)不斷擴(kuò)展的工程領(lǐng)域也離不開(kāi)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)。Modern electronic systems are increasingly digital in nature ,exceedingly complex , and would be inconceivable without todays VLSI chip technology .Indeed ,such systems are so complex that the principles of their design bear great similarities to the design principles of large software systems .Thus , computer science and electronic system design require similar backgrounds in many respects ,and computer aids to design are essential in this ever-expanding domain of engineering.9)有幾個(gè)理由不用硬盤(pán)而用閃存。閃存允許更快的存取。它沒(méi)有噪聲，更輕，尺寸更小，而且沒(méi)有活動(dòng)的部件。There are several reasons to use Flash memory instead of a hard disk : Flash memory allows faster access . It is noiseless , lighter , and smaller in size and has no moving parts . Unit 21.fill in the blanks with proper words, phrases or clauses.(1)What is a filter ? A filter is a device that passes electric signals at certain frequencies or frequency ranges while preventing the passage of others . 2.Translate the following passages into Chinese or English . 1)It is extremely hard to define dynamic range (DR) for an op amp , so lets start with a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) where DR is defined as the ratio of the maximum output voltage to the smallest output voltage the DAC can produce . 定義運(yùn)放的動(dòng)態(tài)范圍（DR）是極其困難的，因此讓我們從定義DAC的動(dòng)態(tài)范圍開(kāi)始。它被定義為DAC的最大輸出電壓和最小輸出電壓之比。7) 在電子技術(shù)各領(lǐng)域中，歐姆定律都是基本定律。歐姆定律可表述為。歐姆定律可應(yīng)用與單個(gè)元器件、一組器件或一個(gè)完整的電路。當(dāng)一只流過(guò)電路中各部分的電流時(shí)，其電壓降可由電阻和電流的乘積獲得。 Ohms law is stated as , and it is fundamental to all electronics. Ohms law can be applied to a single component ,to any group of components , or to a complete circuit .When the current flowing through any portion of a circuit is known , the voltage dropped across that portion of the circuit is obtained by multiplying the current times the resistance.Unit 31.fill in the blanks with proper words, phrases or clauses.(1)Printed circuit board is a flat board that holds chips and other electronic components . The board is made of layers (層) (typically 2 to 10) that interconnects components via (經(jīng)由) copper pathways . The main printed circuit board in a system is called a “system boad ” or “motherboard,” while smaller ones that plug into the slots in the main board are called “board” or “cards .”2.Translate the following passages into Chinese or English . 10)許多系統(tǒng)工作在高頻上，導(dǎo)體在這些頻率上不再僅僅表現(xiàn)為導(dǎo)線，而是展現(xiàn)出高頻效應(yīng)并表現(xiàn)為傳輸線。如果沒(méi)有正確處理這些傳輸線，就可能在無(wú)意中破壞了系統(tǒng)的時(shí)序。 Many systems operate at high frequencies at which conductors no longer behave as simple wires ,but instead exhibit high-frequency effects and behave as transmission lines . If these transmission lines are not handled properly ,they can unintentionally ruin system timing .Unit 41.fill in the blanks with proper words, phrases or clauses. (2)The CDMA scheme is a direct sequence (DS) , spread-spectrum method . It uses linear modulation (線性調(diào)制) with widehand pseudonoise (PN) sequences to generate signals . These sequences , also know as (也叫做) codes , spread the spectrum of the modulating signal over a large handwidth , simultaneously reducing the spectral density of the signal (信號(hào)譜密度). Thus , various CDMA signals occupy the same bandwidth and appear as noise to each other . In the CDMA scheme , each user is assigned an individual code at the time of (在時(shí)候) call initiation . This code is used both for spreading the signal at the time of transmission and despreading the signal at the time of reception . Cellular systems using CDMA schemes (使用碼分多址方式) use FDD , thus employing two frequency channels for forward and reverse links . 2.Translate the following passages into Chinese or English . 2) The area served by mobile phone systems is divided into small areas known as