初二仁愛版英語上知識點及測評.doc

第一部分：單元解析Unit 1 Playing SportsTopic 1 Whats your favorite sport?重點詞語:44 (1) 詞組1. during the summer holidays 在暑假期間2. betweenand 在兩者之間3. cheer sb. on 為某人加油4. prefer doing sth. 更喜歡做某事5. quite a bit/a lot 很多6. plan to do sth. 計劃做某事7. have a skating club 舉辦滑雪俱樂部8. go skating/skiing/bicycling/climbing/hiking 去滑雪/滑冰/騎車/爬山/遠足9. arrive in 到達10. play against 與對抗/較量11. for long 很久12. leave for 動身去13. the day after tomorrow 后天14. places of interest 名15. 勝16. play baseball 打棒球17. at least 至少18. be good at 善于做某事19. take part in 參加20. all over the world 全世界21. be good for 對有益22. a good way 一種好方法23. keep fit/healthy 保持健康24. relax oneself 放松某人自己重點語言點1. see sb. do sth “看見某人做了某事” 強調(diào)動作的全過程,常與every day; often等連用.see sb. doing sth. “看見某人正在做某事” 強調(diào)動作正在進行.如: I saw you play basketball almost every day during the summer holidays.I often see him draw pictures near the river. 我?？匆娝诤舆叜嫯?I saw her go across the street. 我看見她過了馬路I saw her going across the street. 我看見她正在過馬路.類似的有watch,hear,feel 等這類感觀動詞.2. join sb. 表示 “加入某人的行列” “和某人在一起”join + 組織 表示 “加入某個組織”take part in 表示 “參加/出席某個活動”如: Will you join us?I will join the skiing club.She is planning to take part in the high jump.3.make sth/sb + adj.使某物(某人)在某種狀態(tài)keep sth/sb + adj.保持某物(某人)在某種狀態(tài)如: Playing soccer can make your body strong.Swimming can help to keep your heart and lungs healthy.重點語法一般將來時：（一）be going to 結(jié)構(gòu): 表示主語進行某一將來行動的打算、意圖。這種打算常經(jīng)過預先考慮并含有自己做好某些準備的意思，因此通常認為用be going to表達的行動很可能會見諸實踐。 如：Im going to play basketball with my classmates this Sunday.我打算本周日和同學們一起打籃球。She is going to buy a sweater for her mother.她打算為她媽媽買一件毛衣。表預測。指根據(jù)跡象推測，而且馬上或很快就要發(fā)生。如：Look at those clouds. Its going to rain. 瞧那些烏云！快要下雨了?。ǘ?will + 動詞原形：表示單純的將來事實，常與表將來的時間狀語如:tomorrow, soon, later, next time(week/month/year)等連用。will not = wont; 縮略形式為ll.表示作出立即的決定。這種意圖并未經(jīng)過事先的考慮或計劃，是臨時的一種決定。如：a. -Please put your things away, Tom. 湯姆，把你的東西收拾好。-Im sorry. Ill do it right away. 對不起。我馬上就去做。b. -Would you like coffee or tea? 您要咖啡還是茶？-I will have a cup of tea,please. 我要一杯茶。c. Dont worry. Ill help you. 別擔心。我會幫你的。表示預測。指說話人對于將來的看法、假設和推測。如： Im sure our team will win next time. 我確信下次我們隊會贏。Maybe she will go to the gym. 也許她會去體育館。表示許諾。如： Ill do better next time. 下次我會做得更好的。Ill visit you tomorrow. 明天我會去看你的。句式：肯定句：I/She/He/They will go to play baseball soon.否定句：I/She/He/They wont go to play baseball soon.一般疑問句：Will you/she/he/they go to play baseball soon?回答：Yes, I/she/he/they will. No, I/she /he/they wont.Topic 2 Would you mind saying sorry to Michael?一、重點詞語:詞形轉(zhuǎn)換：(1) adj. + ly adv.loud loudly soft softly quiet quietlyclear clearly angry angrily easy easily (二) 詞組:have a soccer game 進行一場足球賽fall ill 病倒了be a little far from 離有點遠right away = at once 立刻;馬上miss a good chance 錯過一個好機會get/miss a goal 得到/失去一分shame on sb. 為某人感到羞恥do ones best 盡某人的力say sorry to sb. 對某人說抱歉be sure to do sth. 確定做某事be angry with 生某人的氣with ones help = with the help of sb.在某人的幫助下take a seat 就坐never mind 不要緊a lot of traveling 一系列旅行l(wèi)ove/enjoy doing sth. 喜愛/歡做某事have a very exciting life過著非常興奮的生活as well 也throwinto 把投進follow/obey the rules 遵守規(guī)則over a century later 一個多世紀后more and more people 越來越多的人業(yè)二. 重點語言點1 .ill 與 sick 都表示 “生病的”, 只能作表語而既可作表語也可作定語.如: The man is ill/sick. 那個男人病了. (作表語)He is a sick man. 他是個病人. (作定語)Would you mind (not) doing sth? 表示 “(不)做某事介意/好嗎?”如: Would you mind coming and checking it? 來修理它好嗎?Would you mind not smoking here? 不要在這兒吸煙好/介意嗎?2. be sure to do sth. = be sure that + 句子 “確定做某事”如: We are sure to win next time. = We are sure that we will win next time.我們確信下次一定會贏。be sorry for “為某事抱歉”be sorry to do sth. = be sorry (that) + 句子 “很抱歉做了某事”如: I am very sorry for what I said. 我為我所說的話感到抱歉.Im sorry I lost your book. = Im sorry to lose your book.很抱歉弄丟你的書。3tired adj. “（感到）疲憊的” , 主語是人 如: I feel tired today. 今天我感到累了.tiring adj. “令人疲勞的”, 主語是事物 如:This job is tiring. 這份工作令人疲憊.類似的有: excited 感到興奮的 exciting 令人興奮的interested 感到有趣的 interesting 有趣的4.15-year-old “15歲的”15 years old “15歲” 如: He is a 15-year-old boy. = The boy is 15 years old.類似用法: 2.5-mile / 2.5 miles5. instead “替代;相反”, 一般單獨使用,放在句末,前面用逗號隔開.instead of“替代;而不,相反”如: I wont go to Shanghai. Ill go to Beijing, instead. 我不會去上海而會去北京.= Ill go to Beijing instead of Shanghai.I drank a lot of milk instead of water. 我喝了許多牛奶而不是水.have fun doing sth. = enjoy doing sth. 表示 “從做.中獲得樂趣”如: I have great fun running. = I enjoy running.我總能在跑步中得到很大樂趣。三、交際用語(2) 請求和回答Requests ResponsesCould you please do me a favor? Sure. What is it?Will you join us? Id be glad to.Would you mind teaching me? Not at all. Lets go and practice.（二）道歉和回答Apologies ResponsesIm sorry I didnt call you last night. Never mind.I guess you were busy last night.Im sorry Im late for class. Thats OK. Please take a seat.Im sorry I lost your book. It doesnt matter. That book isnt important to me.Im sorry I broke your pen. Dont worry. I have another pen.Topic 3 Beijing will host the 2008 Olympics.一、重點詞組:join the English club 加入英語俱樂部host the 2008 Olympics 舉辦2008年奧運會fill out 填出/好all the interesting places 所有有趣的地方quite a lot 相當多make friends with 與交朋友be afraid 恐怕win the first gold medal 贏得第一枚金牌get 28 gold medals 獲得28枚金牌the winner of the first gold medal 第一枚金牌的獲勝者every four years 每四年;每隔三年the mascot for the Beijing Olympics 北京奧運會的吉祥物behave well 舉止得體improve the environment 改善環(huán)境plant trees and grass 種植花草樹木a symbol of 一種的象征the five parts of the world 世界的五大部分do morning exercises 做早操be fond of (doing) sth. 喜歡(做)某事二. 重點語言點fill out + 名詞 “填好”fill + 名詞/代詞+out如: Please fill out this form. = Please fill this form out. 請?zhí)詈眠@張表格.Please fill it/them out. (當賓語是代詞時, 只能放中間) 請把它(們)填好.be afraid “恐怕” 指有禮貌地、委婉地拒絕別人.be afraid of “害怕(做)”如: Im afraid I wont be free. 我恐怕沒有空.He is afraid of dogs. 他害怕狗.They are afraid of losing the game. 他們害怕輸了比賽.may be “可能是” may是情態(tài)動詞 + bemaybe “或許; 可能” maybe是副詞如: He may be a teacher. = Maybe he is a teacher. 他可能是一名老師.He may know her name. = Maybe he knows her name. 他可能知道她的名字.between 在兩者之間among 在三者或三者當中如: The answer is between A and B. 答案在A和B 之間.The winner is among of us. 獲勝者在我們當中.5. There be 句型的一般將來時正:There will be a sports meeting in our school this weekend.= There is going to be a sports meeting in our school this weekend.誤:There will have a sports meeting in our school this weekend.= There is going to have a sports meeting in our school this weekend.三、交際用語提建議的句型:Would you like to go hiking with us? 你想和我們一起去遠足嗎?What/How about going hiking with us? 和我們一起去遠足怎么樣?Why dont you go hiking with us? 你為什么不和我們一起去遠足呢?Why not go hiking with us? 為什么不和我們?yōu)槭裁床缓臀覀円黄鹑ミh足呢?呢?Lets go hiking. 讓我們一起去遠足吧!Would you mind going hiking with us? 你介意和我們一起去遠足嗎?Would you please go hiking with us? 和我們一起去遠足好嗎?Shall we go hiking? 我們一起去遠足好嗎? (shall在疑問句中與I 和we連用,表示提出或征求意見. 意思為 “好嗎?/ 要不要?)Unit 2 Keeping HealthyTopic 1 How are you feeling today?一、重點詞組:see a dentist/doctor 看牙醫(yī)/醫(yī)生have a cough/fever 患咳嗽/發(fā)高燒have the flu 得了流感have sore eyes 眼睛發(fā)炎have a sore throat 喉嚨發(fā)炎take/have a (good) rest（好好）休息sleep well 睡得好drink a lot of boiled water 多喝開水lift heavy things 提重物stay in bed 呆在床上have a good sleep 好好睡一覺feel terrible 感到難受take some medicine/ pills 吃藥bad luck 倒霉lie down 躺下hot tea with honey 加蜜的熱茶brush ones teeth 刷牙have an accident 出了事故/意外send sb. to. 送某人去take/ have a look at 看一看get well 恢復健康plenty of 充足;大量take off your coat 脫掉你的大衣二 重點語言點身體某個部位 + ache，表身體某處疼痛。如: headache 頭痛 backache 背痛 stomachache 胃痛 toothache 牙痛medicine “藥” 為不可數(shù)名詞pill “藥片” 為可數(shù)名詞如: take some medicine 吃些藥 take some cold pills 吃些感冒藥with “含有”without “沒有”hot tea with honey 加蜜的茶 coffee with sugar and milk 加糖和牛奶mooncake with eggs 含雞蛋的月餅Chinese tea with nothing = Chinese tea without anything 中國清茶Go to school without (eating) breakfast. 沒吃早飯去上學。until “直到為止” ; 句中動詞一般為延續(xù)性動詞not until. “直到才” ; 句中動詞一般為短暫性動詞如: He will wait for his father until ten oclock. 他將等他父親一直到10點為止.He wont leave until his father comes . 直到他父親來他才離開.bothand. “和(兩者)都”; 當主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù).如: I know both Jim and Tom. 吉姆和湯姆倆人我都認識.Both Jim and I are 16 years old. 我和吉姆都是16歲.plenty of “充足;大量” 既可修飾可數(shù)名詞也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 只用于肯定句,相當于a lot of/ lots ofmany “許多”, 修飾可數(shù)名詞much “許多”, 修飾不可數(shù)名詞如: You should drink plenty of /a lot of boiled water. 你應該喝大量的開水.You shouldnt drink so much water. 你不應該喝這么多水.I have many/lots of/a lot of/plenty of books. 我有許多水.三、交際用語(一)詢問病情Whats wrong/the matter/ the trouble with you ? 有什么不舒服?How are you feeling now? 你現(xiàn)在感覺怎么樣?Do you have a cold? 你得了感冒了嗎?(二)訴說病情1. I feel terrible./ I am feeling terrible. 我感到難受.2. I have a headache/stomachache/. 我頭痛/肚子痛.3. I cant sleep well at night. 我晚上睡不4. 好覺.5. I cough day and night. 我日日夜夜地咳嗽.6. But my left leg hurts when I move it. 但是當我移動時,我的左腿疼.(3) 表示同(4) 情1. Im sorry to hear that.聽到這事我感到難過.2. Thats too bad. 那太糟了.3. Bad luck. 倒霉.(5) 表達建議1. Youd better (not) do sth最好(不 )做某事.2. You should/shouldnt do sth 你(不) 應該做某事.3. Shall I take you to the hospital? 我?guī)闳メt(yī)院好嗎?Topic 2 Is it good for your health?一、重點詞組:look tired 看起來很累watch a soccer game on TV 在電視上觀看一場足球賽stay up 熬夜keep long fingernails 留長指甲wash hands before meals 飯前洗手play sports right after meals 飯后適當運動take a fresh breath 呼吸新鮮空氣be necessary for 對于是必不可少的keep you active 使你保持精力旺盛in the daytime 在白天throw litter about 亂扔垃圾get enough sleep 得到足夠的睡眠exercise on an empty stomach 空腹鍛煉= without eating anythingneed to do sth 需要做某事get into 進入become sick 生病fight germs 抗擊病菌keep the air clean and fresh 保持空氣清新eat bad food 吃變質(zhì)食物sweep the floors 打掃地板as we know 眾所周知have the right kinds of food 吃正確種類的（健康的）食品choose the wrong food 選擇錯誤的（不健康的）食品in different ways 用不同的方法make us sick 使我們生病二、 重點語言點disease 通常指具體的病, 表 “特定的疾病、病名”illness 通常指生病的狀態(tài)或表抽象的疾病 如： Germs can cause diseases. 細菌會引發(fā)疾病。 SARS is a serious disease. 非典是一種嚴重的疾病。 Dont worry about his illness. 別擔心他的病。exercise 表“鍛煉/運動”時, 為不可數(shù)名詞;表“練習”或有定語修飾時, 為可數(shù)名詞.如: He often takes/does exercise in the morning. 他經(jīng)常上午鍛煉.Please do the exercises at once.請馬上做這些練習.He does morning exercises every day. 他每天做早操Walking is good exercise. 散步是很好的鍛煉.enough adj. “足夠的”修飾名詞時, 既可放在名詞之前, 也可放在名詞之后.(但通常放在名詞之前)如: I have enough time/ time enough to finish this work. 我有足夠的時間完成這項工作.There is enough food in the fridge. 冰箱里有足夠的食物.adv. “足夠地” 修飾形容詞或副詞時, 均放在所修飾詞的后面.如: He is tall enough to reach the apple. 他足夠高,能夠得著蘋果.He speaks clearly enough. 他講得足夠清楚.need “需要, 必需”1 作實義動詞: need sth. 需要某物 need to do sth. 需要做某事如: I need some help. 我需要一些幫助.You need to see a doctor. 你需要去看醫(yī)生.He needs to take a bus. 他需要去搭車.2 作情態(tài)動詞: need + 動詞原形如: If she wants anything, she only need ask. 她想要什么東西, 只要開口就行了.You neednt finish this work today. 你不必今天完成這項工作.6too much + 不可數(shù)名詞 表“太多的?！眒uch too + 形容詞 表“太?！?，much 起加強語氣作用如：Dont eat too much meat. 不要吃太多的肉。He is much too fat. 他實在太胖了。三.重點語法情態(tài)動詞:must “必須, 一定”如: We must study hard. 我們必須努力學習.mustnt “不可以” 如: You mustnt walk on the lawn. 你不可以在草坪上行走.should “應該” 如: We should finish it on time. 我們應該按時完成它.shouldnt “不該” 如: You shouldnt go to school late. 你不該上學遲到.had better “最好” 如：You had better go to bed early.你最好早睡。had better not “最好不” 如：You had better not go to bed late.你最好不要遲睡。may “可以”如: May I come in? 我可以進來嗎?“可能” 如: You may get a headache when you work too hard.當你工作太努力時,你可能會頭疼.Topic 3 We should do our best to fight SARS.一、重點詞組:hurry up 趕緊/快go ahead = go on 繼續(xù)（問）spread easily 易傳播be afraid of 害怕catch SARS 患上非典do ones best to do sth 盡力做某事fight SARS 抗擊非典keep away from animals 遠離動物do house cleaning 打掃屋子go to crowded places 去擁擠的地方all the time = always 總是/一直examine the patients 檢查病人take a message 捎口信take care of 照顧= look after / care for tell/ask sb. to do sth 叫某人做某事call back 回電話leave a message 留口信take an active part in 積極參加care for patients 照顧病人save the patients 挽救病人spend the time 度過時光teach oneself 自學help mother cook 幫助媽媽煮東西on the phone/Internet 在電話中/在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上enjoy oneself 過得愉快tell sb. a story / stories 給某人講故事take some Chinese medicine 吃些中藥二、重點語言點常用的反身代詞詞組:take care of oneself = look after oneself 照顧某人自己teach oneself = learn by oneself 自學enjoy oneself = have a good time 玩得高興help sb (to) do sth = help sb. with sth. 幫助某人做某事如: I helped my mother cook at home.= I helped my mother with the cook at home. 我在家?guī)臀夷赣H做飯.三、重點語法(一) 情態(tài)動詞: must 與 have to must 必須;一定”, 表示有做某一動作的必要或義務,側(cè)重表達說話者的主觀看法.（只有一種時態(tài)）如：We must wash hands before meals. 飯前我們必須洗手.We must eat healthy food. 我們必須吃健康的食物. have to “不得不,必須”, 側(cè)重表示因客觀條件或客觀環(huán)境的迫使而不得不做某事（可用于各種時態(tài)）如：Its too late. I have to go now. 太遲了.現(xiàn)在我得走了.I had to borrow some money at that time. 那時我不得不借了一些錢.*-Must we keep the windows open all the time?-No, we dont have to. / No, we neednt. (注意回答時不能用No, we mustnt.)(二)電話用語:Hello! Could /May I speak to, please? 你好! 我能跟通話嗎?May I take a message? 我能捎個口信嗎?This is Kangkang. 我是康康.Hello! Whos that? 你好! 你是誰?Review of Units 1-2break the window 打破窗戶（玻璃）get lost 丟失；迷路on ones way (to) 在.的路上take the wrong bus 搭錯車one of the most popular sports 最受歡迎的運動之一a group of people 一群人form an international organization 成立一個國際組織put sth in low places 把某物放在低處eat sth by mistake 誤吃ask for three days leave 請三天的假Unit 3 Our HobbiesTopic 1 I love collecting stamps一.重點詞匯 such as 例如 used to do sth. 過去常常做某事 take a bath 洗澡 be interested in 對感興趣go dancing 跳舞 go boating 劃船 play volleyball 打排球 swimming 游泳 drawing 畫畫 collecting stamps 集郵 collecting coins 收藏硬幣 listening to pop music 聽流行音樂 listening to classical music 聽古典音樂listening to symphony 聽交響樂 walking in the countryside 在鄉(xiāng)間散步二.重點句型：1.Wow! So many stamps!(Page 53)哇，那么多的郵票！本句意為：There are so many stamps.so many意思是“那么多”，so much意思也是“那么多”。如：1）There are so many flowers. Or:So many flowers！這里有這么多的花。2)There is so much water on the table. Or: So much water!桌子上有那么多的水。 2. We can learn a lot about people, places, history, and special times from stamps. (Page 53)通過這些郵票我們可以學到許多關于人文、地理、歷史和特殊時代的知識。a lot “許多、大量”，用在動詞后，同very much。如:1）She had told me a lot about how to learn English well.她告訴我許多有關怎樣學好英語的方法。2）Thanks a lot.非常感謝。另外，a lot of 和lots of 的意思也是“許多、大量”，要用在名詞前，在肯定句中常代替much，many。在口語中尤其如此。如：There are a lot of / lots of history books in the room.屋里有許多歷史書。There is still a lot of / lots of snow on top of the house.房上仍有許多雪。We have had a lot of / lots of fruits. 我們吃過許多水果。a lot of和lots of之間沒有多大區(qū)別，都可以與可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞連用。與不可數(shù)名詞連用時，動詞用單數(shù)，與可數(shù)名詞連用時，動詞用復數(shù)。見上述例句。3.Would you like to collect any of these things? (Page 53)你想集下面這些東西嗎?would you like to +動詞原形，表示“想要”如:1) Would you like to have a cup of coffee? 你想要一杯咖啡嗎？2)Would you like to have something to drink？你想要點喝的嗎？any 用在疑問句、條件從句中，可以翻譯為“什么”、“一些”。如:1)Are there any letters for me? 這有我的信嗎？2)If you have any trouble, please let me know. 如果你有什么困難，請告訴我。4.I am interested in playing sports. (Page 54)我對運動感興趣。be interested in (doing) sth. “對感興趣”如:1）Iam interested in reading books.我對讀書特別感興趣。2）Jack is interested in football.杰克對足球很感興趣。5.What do you often do in your spare time? (Page 55)在你的業(yè)余時間里面你都做些什么??？in ones spare time “在業(yè)余時間”“在閑暇之際”，也可用in ones free time替換。如:1）I shall do it in my spare time. 我會在我的業(yè)余時間做這件事。2）In my free time I often go to the movies.在閑暇之際，我常去看電影。 6. I often go fishing. (Page 55)我經(jīng)常去釣魚。go + doing表示“去做某事”go +v-ing結(jié)構(gòu)很常用，多用于體育活動和業(yè)余娛樂活動。如:1)Lets go fishing next Sunday.下星期天我們?nèi)メ烎~吧。2)Are you going hiking this weekend?這個周末你打算去遠足嗎？另外還有：go hunting 去打獵go shooting 去射擊go swimming 去游泳go bathing 去沐浴go shopping 去購物go climbing 去爬山7.And I do a lot of reading. (Page 55)我通常都是閱讀一些書籍。在英語中有不少由“do + doing”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“干某事”。如：散步do some walking do a lot of walking讀書do somereadingdo a lot of reading洗衣服do somewashingdo a lot of washing買東西do some shoppingdo a lot of shopping清掃do some cleaningdo a lot of cleaning8Im a movie fan. 我是一個電影迷。fan(運動、電影等)狂熱愛好者。如:a film / football / star fan 同時，fan作為名詞還有“風扇”的意思。如：electric fan 電扇。9I also rent VCDs and watch them at home. 我也租一些VCD在家看。watch “觀看、注視”。如：1) I like to watch TV.我喜歡看電視。2) Are you going to play or watch?你將參加比賽還是只是去看看？10.Why not go out and do some outdoor activities?為什么不走出去做一些戶外運動呢？這是一個省略句，全句可以說成Why shall we not go out and do some outdoor activities?常在口語中使用，用來征求對方的意見或表達建議。使用這種句子必須要有上下文，如：1）Why not meet at the school gate?我們在校門口見面好嗎？2）Why not run a little faster?為什么不跑快一點呢？some“一些、幾個”，用在疑問句中, 表示希望得到肯定回答。如：1）Would you like to give us some good advice?請給我們一些好的建議好嗎？ 2）Would you like some coffee or tea?請問，你是想喝咖啡還是茶？11.Maybe I need a change. (Page 55) 或許我需要改變。maybe “也許、可能、大概”。如：1）Maybe he will come, maybe he