廣東省2015高考英語基礎(chǔ)寫作技能解析.doc

教學(xué)課題廣東省高考英語基礎(chǔ)寫作專題一教學(xué)目標知識目標：1.了解廣東省高考英語寫作要求 2.熟練掌握基礎(chǔ)寫作中的調(diào)查報告 3. 熟練掌握人物地點描寫 4.掌握提出建議體裁基礎(chǔ)寫作教學(xué)重點與難點掌握使用不同的詞匯，句型描寫1. 調(diào)查報告 詞匯引入：1. as for how to至于怎樣2. update the website更新網(wǎng)站3. 50% of the girls 50%的女生4. next in line接下來; 位居第二5. compared with同比起來6. communicate with與交流7. account for/take up占(多少比例)8. be in favor of. 支持/贊成9. as far as sb. is concerned就某人看來10. have a lot in common有很多共同點11. get along well with. 與相處融洽12. arouse their interest激發(fā)了他們的興趣13. have a better understanding of更好地了解 14. put. in the second place把放在第二位15. rank the first place / rank first / be in the first place排在第一位 相關(guān)句式：1. Last week, we did a survey among 2, 600 students on “Who Is Your Idol”. 上周我們就“誰是你的偶像”在2, 600人中進行了調(diào)查。2. Recently our League Committee has carried out a survey, whose results are as follows. 最近我們團委進行了一次調(diào)查, 其結(jié)果如下。3. According to the survey, about half of the students will go to their classmates or friends when in trouble. 根據(jù)調(diào)查結(jié)果, 大約一半的學(xué)生有困難的時候會去找他們的同學(xué)或朋友。4. Different persons may have different choices on how to spend pocket money. 關(guān)于怎樣用零花錢, 不同的人有不同的選擇。5. A recent survey suggests that students are different from each other in learning styles. 最近的一項調(diào)查顯示, 學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)方式上是各有差異的。6. As is shown in the survey, drunk driving may result in serious accidents. 正如調(diào)查所顯示的那樣, 酒后駕駛會導(dǎo)致嚴重事故。技巧點撥：1. 注意審題, 轉(zhuǎn)換圖表。撰寫調(diào)查報告時, 通常需要結(jié)合圖表, 觀察、對比調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù), 并把調(diào)查結(jié)果和數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換為文字表達, 并按寫作內(nèi)容給出的要點按順序進行寫作 。2. 確定時態(tài), 規(guī)范全文。引出報告結(jié)果或數(shù)據(jù)時，發(fā)表議論和個人觀點, 通常用一般現(xiàn)在時。若出現(xiàn)具體的時間狀語, 如last year,next year, recently等時, 應(yīng)根據(jù)具體使用適當?shù)臅r態(tài)。3. 變換表達, 豐富語匯。調(diào)查報告中多出現(xiàn)相同內(nèi)容的描述或分析, 為避免重復(fù), 建議使用不同語言和句式表達同類信息。(2010年廣東)上周, 我們以“誰是你的偶像”為題, 在2600名考生中進行了一次調(diào)查(survey)。以下是調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)：寫作內(nèi)容根據(jù)以上數(shù)據(jù), 寫一篇短文, 包括以下內(nèi)容：1. 調(diào)查時間、調(diào)查問題以及調(diào)查對象；2. 男女生在以明星為偶像方面的差異；3. “父母”在男女生偶像中的排序差異；4. 男女生在以偉人為偶像方面的異同；5. 你的偶像及理由。_例題導(dǎo)寫1. 認真審題, 理清要點。第一點寫作內(nèi)容“調(diào)查時間、調(diào)查問題以及調(diào)查對象”是在表格以外的寫作引入說明部分找到具體信息, 第二至四寫作點中, 要求找出男女生數(shù)據(jù)的“差異”，寫作時要一語中的, 第五點寫作內(nèi)容則讓考生自由表達觀點。2. 第五點寫作內(nèi)容, 給予考生很大的發(fā)揮空間,也是體現(xiàn)考生寫作水平的很好機會。考生盡量避免使用“I like Jay Chow because he is handsome.”等語言簡單、觀點膚淺的句子，而應(yīng)該運用高級語句, 爭取高分, 如：My idol is Langlang because he is a person with strong determination. 或The person I admire most is Gou Jian because he is able to realize his dream with his courage and strong will.參考范文 Last week, we did a survey among 2, 600 students on “who is your idol”. The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as idols, while 48% of the boys figure sports stars. As the data shows, “parents” ranks the second for the girls, but the fourth for the boys. However, the percentage of the boys choosing “great figures” is the same as that of the girls. As for myself, Thomas Edison is my idol because his inventions have greatly changed our life. 能力提高一、填空 請用所給動詞的適當形式填空。1. Recently, I _ (survey) my classmates about their views on the new English textbook. According to the survey, 80% of the students are quite satisfied with it, while 15% _ (dislike) it and 5% _ (have) no opinion. Students who _(like) it say the pictures with the texts are very attractive, which greatly arouse their interest in learning. Moreover, the book is very interesting, _(cover) many hot topics and _(provide) lots of cultural knowledge of the world. However, students who dislike it _(complain) there _(be) too many new words and difficult sentences, _(make) the texts difficult to understand. In conclusion, the new English textbook _ (help) most students improve their English enormously already. 2. The result _ (show) that 75% of the students _(be) in favor of surfing the Internet for information last year. And the data also _(suggest) that the number _(continue) to rise next year.答案：1. have surveyed 2. dislike 3. have 4. Like 5. covering.6 providing 7.complaining 8.are 9. making 10. helps 1. shows 2. are 3. suggests 4. will continue寫作內(nèi)容 根據(jù)以上數(shù)據(jù)，寫一篇調(diào)查報告, 內(nèi)容包括：1. 調(diào)查時間、調(diào)查問題以及調(diào)查對象;2. 愿意網(wǎng)上購物的人占調(diào)查人數(shù)的百分比；3.人們愿意在網(wǎng)上購物的主要原因；4. 人們不愿意在網(wǎng)上購物的主要原因；5. 本次調(diào)查的結(jié)論。參考范文 Last month, our company carried out a survey about shopping on line among 1000 interviewees younger than 35 years old. 64% of those interviewed are willing to shop on line, mainly because they think the Internet makes it convenient for them to buy what they need although they are staying at home.Besides, they believe that goods on line are cheaper, with a variety of brands to choose from. The rest of the interviewees dont want to shop on line, claiming that goods on sale on the Internet might be fake and that they are worried about being cheated out of money. In conclusion, only by guarding against the disadvantages of on-line shopping will more and more people choose the shop on line.精華點評 考生寫作時必須排除不必要信息的干擾, 因?qū)懽鲀?nèi)容中并沒有要求寫“不愿意網(wǎng)上購物的人所占百分比為32%”這一信息點, 所以不必把表格內(nèi)容全部翻譯。此外, 寫作時盡量使用與寫作內(nèi)容相對應(yīng)的英語翻譯, 使文章表達更切題。 例如, 寫作內(nèi)容中出現(xiàn)“主要原因”和“結(jié)論”這些重要的寫作線索, 考生應(yīng)該盡量使用與之相應(yīng)的語句進行翻譯, 如“.for the main reason that.; .mainly because; In conclusion; Finally, we arrive at the conclusion that.”, 使閱卷老師對寫作信息一目了然，以獲取高分。2. 提倡建議1. cover topics like. 涵蓋的主題有2. arouse ones interest 激發(fā)某人的興趣3. get involved in 參與，涉及4. be well-received 廣受歡迎5. make some suggestions 提一些建議6. protect our environment 保護我們的環(huán)境7. the environmental pollution 環(huán)境污染8. be of great benefit to. 對大有好處9. get well-prepared (for)(為)做好充分的準備10. take responsibility to do sth. 有責(zé)任做某事11. the coming speech contest 即將到來的演講比賽12. leave a deep impression on 給留下深刻的印象13. take my suggestion into consideration 考慮我的建議14. have the chance to do sth. 有機會做某事15. help students improve their English 幫助學(xué)生提高英語水平相關(guān)句型1. The main reason is that the pressure from their parents allows them almost no time for other activities.其主要原因是父母的壓力使他們幾乎沒有時間參加其他活動。2. The reason why Im late is that I missed the bus. 我遲到的原因是沒趕上公共汽車。3. I like it very much mainly for two reasons.我喜歡它, 主要有兩個原因。4. In my opinion, there are three reasons for this.在我看來, 有三個原因。5. My views are based on the following reasons. 我的觀點是基于以下理由。6. The reasons for this are as follows.其理由如下。7. So I suggest that you take your friends advice. 因此, 我建議你接受你朋友的建議。8. Here I have some suggestions.這里我有幾條建議。9. It would be better if you could share more of the housework, such as cleaning, washing and cooking. 如果你能分擔(dān)更多的家務(wù), 如掃地、洗衣、做飯, 那就更好了。技巧點撥：1. 在建議倡議的寫作中, 應(yīng)開門見山指出寫作目的, 陳述建議或倡議的內(nèi)容。如：I am writing to give suggestions about. (建議信)或In order to., I am going to make the following suggestions (倡議書)2. 建議倡議類型的作文都有相關(guān)的一些固定句型, 考生需要熟練掌握使用這些句型和相關(guān)的語法。比如, 在句中使用到advise, suggest或advice, suggestion等表示建議的詞時, 要考慮到虛擬語氣的使用典型案例：廣州某電視臺打算開辦一個面向中學(xué)生觀眾的英語節(jié)目, 新聘任了來自英國的John作為節(jié)目編輯助理。現(xiàn)在, John就節(jié)目內(nèi)容向廣大中學(xué)生征求意見。寫作內(nèi)容假如你是學(xué)生李華, 建議開辦“廣州全接觸” (All-round Guangzhou)節(jié)目。請根據(jù)以下節(jié)目設(shè)想給John寫信：_例題導(dǎo)寫 確定文體。建議信屬于應(yīng)用文信件類的范疇, 寫作的時候一般使用將來時或者一般現(xiàn)在時。建議信在于給對方合理并且能夠接受的建議, 考生應(yīng)該注意使用一些委婉的語氣。信息重組。我們可以把題中信息整合成以下5個漢語句子：1. 節(jié)目包括廣州的歷史、教育、著名景點、飲食、名人。2. 建議每周六、日舉辦，方便學(xué)生周末觀看。3. 建議邀請中學(xué)生參加節(jié)目, 激發(fā)學(xué)生的收看興趣。4. 這個可以使中學(xué)生更多地了解廣州文化, 還有助于提高中學(xué)生的英語水平, 這樣他們就能向外國游客介紹廣州。5. 我肯定這個節(jié)目一定會收到中學(xué)生的歡迎詞語翻譯 翻譯或完成下列詞或短語。難句翻譯： 翻譯下列每組句子并合并成一句。句1：(1) (這個節(jié)目將于)每周六、日(播放)。(1) It would be better to broadcast it on weekends. / I suggest that the program be broadcast on weekends. / It is a good idea to broadcast it on weekends.(2)方便學(xué)生周末觀看。(2)We students can have the chance to watch it. /It will be convenient for us students to watch it.合并：It would be better to broadcast it on weekends so that we students can have the chance to watch it.(因果關(guān)系, 可以使用so. that.句型)句2： (3) (你也可以)邀請中學(xué)生參加節(jié)目。(3)You can also invite some middle school students to get involved in / take part in the program.(4) (這個節(jié)目可以)提高學(xué)生的收看興趣。(4) It will surely arouse /spark /stimulate other students interest in it.合并： You can also invite some middle school students to get involved in / take part in the program, which will surely arouse / spark / stimulate other students interest in it.(補充說明關(guān)系, 可以使用which非限制性定語從句)句3：(5)(這個節(jié)目幫助)中學(xué)生可以更多地了解廣州文化。(5) This program can get them to know more about the culture of Guangzhou.(6) (中學(xué)生可以)向外國游客介紹廣州。(6) The students can introduce Guangzhou to foreign visitors. (7) (這個節(jié)目)有助于提高中學(xué)生的英語水平。(7) This program helps students improve their English.合并： Not only will this program help students improve their English, but also get them to know more about the culture of Guangzhou so as to introduce Guangzhou to foreign visitors.(第5個句子和第7個句子是并列關(guān)系, 因此我們可以用not only.but also.這組連詞把它們連接起來, 并且注意統(tǒng)一主語,第6句是作者提出建議的原因, 可以用so as to 引導(dǎo)出目的狀語。)參考范文 Dear John，I know youre going to set up an English program for middle school students. So Im writing to suggest a program “All-round Guangzhou”. This program will cover topics like the history, education, famous scenic spots, food and famous people of Guangzhou. It would be better to broadcast it on weekends so that we students can have the chance to watch it.Besides, you can also invite some middle school students to get involved in the program, which will surely arouse other students interest in it. Not only will this program help students improve their English, but also get them to know more about the culture of Guangzhou so as to introduce Guangzhou to foreign visitors. I am sure it will be well-received by the middle school students. I hope you can take my suggestion into consideration. Sincerely yours, Li Hua 連句成篇?？忌丫渥雍喜⒊善碌臅r候, 需要注意建議信常用的一些句型結(jié)構(gòu)。如在建議信開頭表示來信的目的, 如：You have asked me for my advice on.and I will try to make suggestions./ Thanks for trusting me. /Regarding., Id like to make some suggestions等句型。在表示建議的時候, 考生可以使用I feel that it would be beneficial if./ I would like to suggest that.等句型。另外, 考生若是使用虛擬語氣的句子If I were you, I would., 也會讓文章增色不少。寫作內(nèi)容1. 說明回信的意圖；2. 向小明提出建議；3. 預(yù)祝小明比賽成功。Dear Xiaoming，_Yours，Li Hua參考范文Dear Xiaoming, You have told me that you are very nervous about the coming speech contest and I will try to make some suggestions which I hope can help you. In my opinion, you should get well prepared before the speech contest by practicing before a mirror.Besides, you had better use a brief and concise language in your speech so that you can leave a deep impression on the judges. When you are giving the speech, remember to keep smile and even if you forget your words, dont be panic and just continue your speech, because no one will notice it. Wish you success in the speech! Yours， Li Hua精華點評：建議信的寫作關(guān)鍵在于作者給出建議的語氣委婉而中肯, 使對方容易接受。很多考生習(xí)慣使用祈使句或者You should的句型表示建議, 這樣比較生硬，因此考生轉(zhuǎn)換不同的句型使語言豐富, 如范文中使用了you should., you had better., remember to do等句型。在最后祝愿對方成功的時候, 可以用簡明扼要的句型, 如wish you good luck / wish you success / may you succeed, 使文章長短句結(jié)合得當。3. 人物地點描寫A. 怎樣寫人物簡介（一）人物簡介的寫作步驟；1）age, sex, birth-place, background2）appearance ,character3）education4）big events in his or her life ( in order of time )5）evaluation(二) 語法，句法高分tipsA. 概況 （盡量用同位語結(jié)構(gòu)，使文章簡潔，通順) 如；1) Born in Poland on Nov. 7 ,1867, Madam Curie is a great scientist.2) Abraham Lincoln, the son of a poor family, was born in Kentucky on February 12th, 1809. 3) Born in a poor clerks family, Charles Dickens, a great novelist, had little schooling.4) Sun Showier, a world champion in diving, is a boy of 14 from Guangdong. B外貌,性格 (巧用with做定語) 如；1) He is near-sighted /far-sighted guy with a pair of glasses on his nose. 2) She is good-looking /ordinary-looking/funny-looking with long beautiful hair.3) He is a tall and thin guy with thick eyebrows, looking very handsome.4) Born in Germany, Einstein is a great scientist with an extraordinary imagination. 常用描寫人物的形容詞:determined (有毅力的)competent 有能力的warm - hearted熱心腸的easy - going溫和寬容的energetic(精力充沛)generous(慷慨的)intelligent（精明的）ambitious(雄心的)forgetful(健忘的)honest (誠實的)humorous（幽默的）independent (獨立的)diligent（勤奮的）cautious (謹慎的)talkative（多話的)healthy（健康的）attractive（有吸引力的）patient (耐心的)strict (嚴格的)modest(謙虛的)considerate(考慮周到的)outstanding (杰出的)optimistic(樂觀的)enthusiastic（熱情的）absent - minded心不在焉bad - tempered 脾氣不好pessimistic(悲觀的)C. 教育經(jīng)歷 (注意盡量用非謂語動詞, 使文章精煉) 如；1）Majored in Science, he graduated from a famous University in the north and after 4 years, he went abroad for further studies.2）Graduated from the department of English of Zhongshan University, she went on further education and received a doctors degree.D生平 (盡量用復(fù)合句倒裝,非限定定語從句等，潤色文章)如；1）Not only is he interested in science, but also he has a gift for music.2）He set a new world record of swimming, which won a gold medal for China Team.3）So hard does he work that he devotes almost all his lifetime to our human cause.4）With great determination and perseverance, he took 37 years to finish the book, which makes a great contribution to China.E評估 （注意運用一些動詞,形容詞等短語，詞組）如；1）Leifeng set us a good example ,so all the people spoke highly of him and all respected him .2）He is one of the greatest novelists in China and will be always remembered as an outstanding man.3）We sing high praise for his brave stories, and his heroic story will spread all of China.4）Lishizhen makes great contributions to Medical literature.（三）實例分析 1.請根據(jù)以下提示，用英語給“中國日報”寫一篇簡訊介紹我國著名的跨欄運動員-劉翔，內(nèi)容要點如下：劉翔中國第一個男子奧運田徑冠軍(track champion)籍貫：生日上海；1983最值得驕傲的事1）雅典奧運會平世界紀錄2）2006年瑞士洛桑田徑超級大獎賽冠軍（a super grand prix in Lausanne, Switzerland），打破沉睡13年之久英國運動員保持的世界紀錄下一個目標2008北京奧運會奪冠，為國爭光注意：1）要有標題。2）介紹必須包括所有內(nèi)容要點，但不要逐條譯成英語。 寫作要求只能使用5個句子表達全部的內(nèi)容。 評分標準句子結(jié)構(gòu)的準確性，信息內(nèi)容的完整性和連貫性。_2. 根據(jù)下列提示，寫一篇介紹我國著名的水稻專家袁隆平的文章。1袁隆平, 1937年9月7日出生在重慶的一個貧困農(nóng)民家庭。21953年畢業(yè)于西南農(nóng)學(xué)院，畢業(yè)后被分配到湘西農(nóng)校任教。31964年開始從事水稻研究。1981年榮獲我國第一個國家發(fā)明特等獎，被國際上譽為“雜交水稻之父”。4生活簡樸，不計名利。 注意：1）要有標題。2）介紹須包括所有內(nèi)容要點，但不要逐條譯成英語。寫作要求只能使用5個句子表達全部的內(nèi)容。 評分標準句子結(jié)構(gòu)的準確性，信息內(nèi)容的完整性和連貫性。 _范文參考1介紹劉翔Liuxiang-Our Pride Born in 1983, Shanghai, Liuxiang is Chinas first male Olympic track champion. To our pride, Liuxiang set the world record of Olympics Games in Athens. Whats more, in 2006, he broke the world record and got the cham