高中英語閱讀之推理判斷題的解題技巧.doc

高考閱讀理解專題： 推理判斷題的解題技巧 推斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題，做這類題目時(shí)，考生要嚴(yán)格依據(jù)作者所陳述的細(xì)節(jié)、事實(shí)以及作者的措詞、態(tài)度和語氣，找出能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞句，然后利用自己已獲得的相關(guān)知識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷，從而得出符合邏輯的結(jié)論。 近年的高考題中常出現(xiàn)以下五種推理判斷題: 一. 推斷隱含意義或深層意義1. 這類題干中通常含有l(wèi)earn( ), infer( ), suggest( ), imply( ), conclude（ ）, indicate( )等標(biāo)志性詞語, 常見的提問方式有： 1)We can know from the passage that _2). We can infer from the (first/last) passage that _3)The passage/author implies/suggests that _4)It can be concluded from the passage that _5)The underlined sentence indicates that _ 2. 解題技巧 針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)推斷: 在原文中找到相關(guān)的信息源- 對(duì)具體內(nèi)容分析- 推理判斷得出結(jié)論實(shí)例1： Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called “the deathwatch beetle. 1. It can be inferred from the text that the sound of this beetle _.A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people. 針對(duì)主題思想: 以主題為核心- 分析邏輯關(guān)系- 得出結(jié)論實(shí)例2：In the California study, children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest. While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores, it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldnt have TVs in their bedrooms. 1. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?A. More time should be spent on computers.B. Children should be forbidden to watch TV.C. TV sets shouldnt be allowed in childrens bedrooms.D. Further studies on high-achieving students should be done.二、推斷作者觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度 1. 題干中通常含有attitude, view ,opinion, in the authors opinion/mind等標(biāo)志性詞語。提問方式: 1)The author seems to be in favor of/against _2)The author may probably agree with/support _3)Whats the authors opinion about.?4)In the authors opinion.?2. 解題技巧 注意作者表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞及所舉的例子，推斷出作者的弦外之音。如overestimate (高估), luckily, unexpectedly, pity, certain等。表達(dá)作者態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)的形容詞常有：objective（ ），subjective（ )，neutral（ ）；positive （ ） negative（ ）approval （ ），disapproval（ ），ironic（ ）indifferent（ ），critical（ ），cautious（ ） optimistic（ ），pessimistic（ ）等。 3. 實(shí)例3：Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder, bribery(行賄)，and death. Frankly，Im sick of all the bad news. 1. This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _. A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform三. 推斷文段作用或作者寫作意圖 1. 提問方式: 1)The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to _2)The passage is meant to _3)The authors purpose is to show _4)The purpose of the article is to _2. 解題技巧 不同的文段在全文中可能會(huì)起到：引言/介紹（introduction），舉例(example)，對(duì)比(comparison)，反襯（contrast）, 結(jié)論（conclusion）,評(píng)論（comment）,背景（background）,論證（demonstration）等作用。作者的寫作目的通常有娛樂讀者、說服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn)和告知讀者某些信息三種。解答此類題時(shí)主要有兩種方法：1主旨推斷法：寫作目的是闡述作者為何要表達(dá)某個(gè)中心主題，因此可根據(jù)主旨推斷作者的寫作目的。2文體推斷法：根據(jù)文體的特點(diǎn)和用途來推斷作者的寫作目的。如記敘文，特別是個(gè)人的有趣經(jīng)歷或幽默故事類的文章，其目的是娛樂讀者；夾敘夾議的文章，其目的是讓讀者得到某種啟示或教育；廣告和議論文的目的是說服讀者接受某種產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)或接受某種觀點(diǎn)；科普說明文或新聞報(bào)告，其目的是告知讀者某些信息。3. 實(shí)例4 ： “Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. 1. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _. A. test the readers knowledge about waves B. draw the readers attention to the topic C. show Jamie Taylors importance D. invite the readers to answer them四推斷文章出處和來源 1. 提問方式 1)The text is most likely to be taken from _2)Where does the text probably come from?3)Where can we most probably read this text?2). 解題技巧 這類問題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷其出處：報(bào)紙：前面會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱。廣告：因其格式特殊，容易辨認(rèn)。產(chǎn)品說明：器皿、設(shè)備的使用說明會(huì)有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式，而藥品的服用說明會(huì)告知服用時(shí)間、次數(shù)、藥量等。網(wǎng)站：文中會(huì)出現(xiàn)click（點(diǎn)擊），online（在線）, web（網(wǎng)絡(luò)）, website（網(wǎng)址）等字眼。 3. 實(shí)例5：Dont wander aimlessly through life. Get focused on your goals, start helping others in need, and live life to the fullest! Life is too short to be anything but happy. Visit my blog and find what youve been missing. Sigh up for my newsletter and get seven free e-books, too! Read hundreds of articles while youre there in the article section, which is updated daily.1. This text must be taken from _A. a radio program B. a website C. a newspaper D. a TV program五.推斷目標(biāo)讀者推斷目標(biāo)讀者，即要求考生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和文中的措辭推斷此篇文章主要是寫給誰看的。1. 提問方式 1)The passage is probably written for _2)Who is the passage written for?3)The text is written mainly for _2. 解題技巧 解答此類題要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，特別是從作者使用的詞語和口氣來判斷。3. 實(shí)例6：Exploit your parking spaceAn unused parking space or garage can make money. If you live near a city center or an airport，you could make anything up to 200 or 300 a week. Put an advertisement (廣告) for free on Letpark or Atmyhousepark.Rent(出租) a roomSpare room? Not only will a lodger(房客) earn you an income，but also，thanks to the government-backed “rent a room” program，you wont have to pay any tax on the first 4，500 you make per year. Try advertising your room on Roomspare or Roommateeasy.Make money during special eventsDont want a fulltime lodger? They rent on a short-term basis. If you live in the capital，renting a room out during the Olympics or other big events could bring in money. Grashpadder can advertise your space.1. For whom is the text most probably written?ALodgers. BAdvertisers. CHouse owners. DOnline companies.即學(xué)即練1When I was a teenager，my mothers broken English embarrassed me. But now，I see it differently. To me，my mothers English is perfectly clear，perfectly natural. It is my mother tongue. Her language，as I hear it，is vivid，direct，and full of observation and wisdom. It was the language that helped shape the way I saw things，expressed ideas，and made sense of the world.What does the author think of her mothers English now? AIt confuses her.BIt embarrasses her.CIt helps her understand the world.DIt helps her tolerate rude people.2When I put on my flashlights，I was saying to other drivers，“I have a problem here. I am weak and doing the best I can.” And everyone understood. Several times，I saw drivers who wanted to pass. They couldnt get around me because of the stream of passing traffic. But instead of getting impatient and angry，they waited，knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights?AThey speeded up to pass.BThey waited with patience.CThey tried their best to help.DThey put on their flashlights too.3Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we dont feel that way.But those are few and far between. More often，it would be better if we dont pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared.In this passage，the author advises us to_.Ahandle problems by ourselvesBaccept help from othersCadmit our weaknessDshow our bravery4However，it wasnt all sweetness and light. There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes，while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. For example，when a cat turns its head away，it signals aggression，while a dog doing the same signals submission.Some cats and dogs may fight when_Athey are cold to each other Bthey look away from each otherCthey misunderstood each others signalsDthey are introduced at an early age5The significance of the research on cats and dogs may go beyond petsto people who dont get along，including neighbors，colleagues at work，and even world superpowers. If cats and dogs can learn to get along，surely people have a good chance.What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs?AWe should learn to live in harmony. BWe should know more about animals.CWe should live in peace with animals.DWe should learn more body languages.6. Cold weather can be hard on pets，just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter(住所) as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time，thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out，stay outside with them. When youre cold enough to go inside，they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time，make sure they have a warm，solid shelter against the wind，thick bedding，and plenty of nonfrozen water.What is the purpose of this text?ATo solve a problem. BTo give practical advice.CTo tell an interesting story.DTo present a research result.7. It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. The first of the experts to advocate a strict clockwatching schedule was Dr. Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night. Ive never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldnt follow a tim