2018年高考英語語法知識最全概括.doc

學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考高考英語語法易考知識點(diǎn)最全概括第一講座：名詞-基礎(chǔ)篇一、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)：1. 名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則形式：1). 一般情況下直接加s： book-books cup-cups 2). 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，先變y為i再加es： city-cities family-families 3). 以s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾的加es： bus-buses wish-wishes watch-watches 4). 以o結(jié)尾的多數(shù)加S 初中階段只有三個(gè)單詞加es： tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes hero-heroes Negroes5). 以f、fe 結(jié)尾的，先把f、fe變v 再加es： leaf-leaves self-selves shelf-shelves life-lives thief-thieves 2. 少數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的： man-men woman-women child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice 3. 單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式相同： deer-deer fish-fish sheep-sheep Chinese -Chinese Japanese-Japanese 4. 某國人的復(fù)數(shù)：1). 中、日不變：Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese2). 英、法變： Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen 3).其余s加后面： American-Americans German-Germans Australian-Australians二、不可數(shù)名詞：1. 不可數(shù)名詞：1). 不能直接用數(shù)字表數(shù)量； 2). 不能直接加a或an； 3). 沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式； 4). 可用some、any、lots of、plenty of、much 修飾； 5). 可用“量詞短語”表示；2. 不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量的表示方法： a / 數(shù)字+ 量詞 + of + 不可數(shù)名詞： a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of milk 三、名詞的所有格：1. s 所有格：1). 用and連接兩個(gè)并列的單數(shù)名詞表示共有關(guān)系時(shí)，這時(shí)只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加“s.”：This is _(Mary and Lily) bedroom.2). 用and連接兩個(gè)并列的單數(shù)名詞表示各有關(guān)系時(shí)，這時(shí)分別在每個(gè)名詞后加“s.”：These are _(Tom and Jack ) school bags.3). 以s結(jié)尾的名詞，變所有格時(shí)在s后加“”, 不以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，仍加“s”：Teachers Day Childrens Day 4). 表示店鋪、醫(yī)院、診所、住宅等名稱時(shí)，常在名詞后加 s 代表全稱： at the doctors at the Bobs 5). 由some、any、no、every與one、body 結(jié)合的復(fù)合不定代詞something、anything 等和else 連用時(shí)，所有格應(yīng)加在else的后面：This is _(somebody else ) pencil.6). 表示時(shí)間、距離、國家、城市等無生命的名詞，也可在詞尾加s 來構(gòu)成所有格：an hours ride two weeks time Chinas capital 2. of 所有格：1). of 用來表示無生命的名詞所有格：the map of China the door of the room 2). 雙重所有格： of + 名詞所有格 of + 名詞性的物住代詞 He is a friend of my _(brother ).Is she a daughter of _(you)?四、名詞作句子成分：1. 名詞作主語：1). 表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)：Two hours _(be) enough for us to get there.2). 量詞短語“數(shù)字+量詞+ of +”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與量詞保持一致：A pair of shoes _(be) under the bed.Two pieces of paper _(be) on the desk.3). 名詞+介詞（with、but、except、along with、as well as .）+名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與前面的名詞保持一致：The teacher with the students _(be) planting trees on the hill.4). 短語“neithernor、eitheror、not onlybut also ”連接主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞實(shí)行就近原則：Neither he nor I _ (be) a Frenchman.2. 名詞作定語：1). 名詞作定語時(shí)，一般用單數(shù)形式：There is a shoe factory near the school.2). 名詞作定語時(shí)，個(gè)別情況用復(fù)數(shù)形式：(sport )The sports meeting will be held next week.3). man、woman 作定語表示性別時(shí)，man、woman隨后面的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)而變： one man teacher two women teachers 第二講座：名詞-提高篇一、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)：1. 可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)不規(guī)則變化：(1) 單復(fù)數(shù)同形：deer, sheep, Chinese, means, series, species, works, headquarters(2) 形單意復(fù)：people, police, youth, cattle, staff(3) 形復(fù)意單：news, physics, politics, maths(4)合成詞變復(fù)數(shù)：passerbypassersby, soninlawsonsin-law, lookeronlookerson, gobetweengo-betweens, grownupgrownups(5) 詞形變化：manmen, childchildren，toothteeth, footfeet, mousemice，mediummedia2. 不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)：(1) 有些抽象名詞在具體化時(shí)，以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)；表示特指時(shí)，可以和定冠詞連用；表示“某種”或“一次”的意義時(shí)，可以和不定冠詞連用：in surprise“驚訝地”，a surprise“一件令人驚訝的事”；win success“獲得成功”，a success“一個(gè)/件成功的人/事”；by experience“靠經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，an experience“一次經(jīng)歷”；with pleasure“樂意”，a pleasure“一件樂事”。(2) 物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，但表示數(shù)量或種類之多時(shí)，可以用作可數(shù)名詞，有單、復(fù)數(shù)：some coffee“一些咖啡”，three coffees“三杯咖啡”；some drink“一些飲料”，three drinks“三杯飲料”；his hair“他的頭發(fā)”，a few grey hairs“幾根白發(fā)”；glass“玻璃”，a glass“一只玻璃杯”。(3) 有些不可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特殊的意義：time“時(shí)間”， times“次數(shù)，時(shí)代，倍”；wood“木頭”，woods“樹林”；sand“沙子”，sands“沙灘”；work“工作”，works“工廠，著作，工程，工事”。注意：有些名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)具有不同的含義：如：game游戲，比賽 games運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)；mass大量，眾多，團(tuán)，塊 masses群眾，民眾等。二、名詞的作用：名詞在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語、同位語、狀語。注意：名詞作定語時(shí)，一般用單數(shù)形式，如：shoe repairers, pencil boxes, tooth brushes。但也有例外，如：a sports car, a customs officer, a clothes shop等。另外，“man / woman +名詞”變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)，作定語的man / woman和中心詞都要變復(fù)數(shù)。如：men teachers.三、名詞的所有格：名詞的所有格在句中表示所屬關(guān)系，用來作定語，修飾名詞：1. s所有格，多用來表示有生命的東西，如：Peter and Toms school.2. 如果一個(gè)事物為兩個(gè)人共有，只在后一個(gè)名詞的詞 尾加 “s”；如果不是共有，就要在兩個(gè)名詞的詞尾都加“s”。如：Tom and Mikes room (共有)Toms and Mikes books (不共有)3. of所有格（名詞+ of +名詞）多用來表示無生命的東西，如：the legs of the chair, the door of the house。4. 雙重所有格指“of +名詞的-s所有格”或“of +名詞性的物主代詞”，如：a friend of my brothers, a picture of mine。5. 表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、重量、國家、城市的無生命名詞，可以在詞尾加“s”或“”表示所有格。todays papers; ten minutes walk; five pounds weight; ten dollars worth of coffee; the worlds population; Chinas industry; New Yorks parks6. 表示店鋪或某人的家時(shí)，常在名詞所有格之后省去shop, house, home.如：the tailors; the doctors, my uncles.考點(diǎn)歸納：考點(diǎn)一： 名詞詞義辨析：高考對名詞詞義辨析的考查主要體現(xiàn)在單項(xiàng)填空和完形填空中，其選項(xiàng)基本上是形似的詞、意義相近但用法不同的詞或者形式和意義都不相關(guān)的詞。解這類題的關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚選項(xiàng)中各個(gè)名詞的含義，同時(shí)也要注意聯(lián)系上下文的搭配和語境。【考例】She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful _ in last years election.A. symbol B. portraitC. identity D. statue考點(diǎn)二： 名詞固定搭配：【考例】You are working too hard. Youd better keep a _ between work and relaxation. A. promise B. leadC. balance D. diary考點(diǎn)三：名詞的格：名詞所有格主要體現(xiàn)在短文改錯(cuò)中。如：When I finally arrived at my friends he lent me lots of clothes. 考點(diǎn)四： 名詞的數(shù)：對名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的考查主要體現(xiàn)在單詞拼寫、語法填空以及短文改錯(cuò)中。第三講座：冠詞-基礎(chǔ)篇考查重點(diǎn)：冠詞的考查重點(diǎn)包括不定冠詞a和an的用法，定冠詞the的用法和零冠詞的用法等。一. a和an的區(qū)別:不定冠詞有a和an兩種形式，a用于輔音(不是輔音字母)開頭的詞前，an用于元音(不是元音字母)開頭的詞前： 例如：a boy, a university, a European country; an hour, an honor, an island, an elephant, an umbrella, an honest man, a useful book不看字母看讀音, 不見原因(元音)別施恩(n)二. 不定冠詞的用法：1. 泛指某一類人、事或物；相當(dāng)于any，這是不定冠詞a/an的基本用法：A horse is an animal.2. 泛指某人或某物，但不具體說明何人或何物：A girl is waiting for you.3. 表示數(shù)量，有“一”的意思，但數(shù)的概念沒有one強(qiáng)烈：I have a computer.4. 表示“每一”，相當(dāng)于every：I go to school five days a week. 我一周上五天課。5. 用在序數(shù)詞前，表示“又一”，“再一”：I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.6. 用在某些固定詞組中：a lot(of), after a while, a few, a little, at a time, have a swim, have a cold, in a hurry, for a long time, have a good time, have a look三. 定冠詞的用法:1. 特指某(些)人或某(些)物，這是定冠詞的基本用法：The book on the desk is mine.2. 指談話雙方都知道的人或事物：Open the window, please.3. 指上文已經(jīng)提到的人或事物：I have a car. The car is red.4. 指世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物：Which is bigger, the sun or the earth?5. 用在序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級前：The first lesson is the easiest one in this book.6. 用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前：the Great Wall 長城，the United States 美國7. 用在某些形容詞前，表示某一類人：the poor窮人, the blind盲人8. 用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻倆”：the Greens 格林一家或格林夫妻倆9. 用在方位詞前：on the left在左邊，in the middle of在中間10. 用在西方樂器名稱前：She plays the piano every day.11. 用在表示海洋，河流，山脈，群島及國家和黨派等名詞前：the Black Sea黑海，the Yangzi River長江12. 用在某些固定詞組中：all the same仍然；all the time一直；at the moment此刻；at the same time同時(shí)；by the way順便說；do the shopping/washing買東西/洗衣服；in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上；in the open air 在戶外，在野外四. 零冠詞的用法：1. 棋類, 球類, 一日三餐名詞前不用任何冠詞：play chess play football have supper特例：當(dāng)football，basketball指具體的某個(gè)球時(shí)，其前可以用冠詞：I can see a football. 我可以看到一只足球。Wheres the football？那只足球在哪兒？(指足球，并非“球類運(yùn)動(dòng)”)2. 季節(jié), 月份, 星期, 節(jié)假日名詞前不用任何冠詞：In July in summer on Monday on Teachers Day3. 人名, 地名, 國家名前不加冠詞：Beijing is the capital of China.4. 學(xué)科, 語言, 稱呼, 語職務(wù)名詞前不用冠詞：Math is hard to learn.5. 復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示類別時(shí)不加冠詞：They are workers. I like eating apples.6. 名詞前已有物主代詞(my，your，his，her等)、指示代詞(this/these，that/those)、不定代詞(some，any等)及所有格限制時(shí), 不用冠詞：my book(正)；my the book(誤)7. 在表特定的公園，街道，車站，橋，學(xué)校等之前：No.25 Middle School五. 用與不用冠詞的差異:in hospital住院 /in the hospital在醫(yī)院里 in front of在(外部的)前面 /in the front of在(內(nèi)部的)前面 at table進(jìn)餐 /at the table在桌子旁by sea乘船 /by the sea在海邊 go to school(church) 上學(xué)(做禮拜) go to the school(church) 到學(xué)校(教堂)去two of us我們當(dāng)中的兩人/the two of us 我們兩人(共計(jì)兩人)next year明年 /the next year 第二年a teacher and writer一位教師兼作家(一個(gè)人)a teacher and a writer一位教師和一位作家(兩個(gè)人)第四講座：冠詞-提高篇考點(diǎn)一：基本用法：1. 定冠詞的基本用法：(1) 用于特指一定的人、事物或上下文提到的人、事物。如：I woke up with a bad headache, yet by the evening the pain had gone.(2) 在表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前。如：The moon turns round the earth.Drivers always sit on the left of buses.(3) 在單數(shù)名詞前，表示某一類別或某項(xiàng)發(fā)明。如：The tiger is a dangerous animal.(4) 在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前及表示江、河、湖、海、山川、群島等的名詞前。如：We are said to be living in the Information Age, a time of new discoveries and great changes. (5) 在序數(shù)詞前、形容詞最高級前或用于特指“兩者中較的一個(gè)”。如：As is known to all, the Peoples Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world. (6) 在方位名詞前、某些習(xí)慣用語或表示時(shí)間的詞組中：on the left, in the east / west,on the other hand, in the end, the other day等。(7) 在形容詞前表示一類人或事物。如：the poor / rich / young / dying / good / unknown等。(8) 在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示全家人或夫婦二人。如：The Smiths are sitting at the table.(9) 在表示度量單位的名詞前，表示“每一”。如： Its said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 a year. Right, he will also get paid by the week.口訣記憶the的用法：特指熟悉與復(fù)述，獨(dú)一無二全用the。方位樂器名詞前，序數(shù)形最樂位慣。復(fù)數(shù)姓氏與專有，習(xí)慣用語最后添。2. 不定冠詞的基本用法：(1) 用在可數(shù)名詞前表示“一個(gè)”，含義上相當(dāng)于“one”。如：The development of industry has been a gradual process throughout human existence, from stone tools to modern technology. (2) 與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，表示某一類人或事物；亦可泛指某一類人或事物中的“任何一個(gè)”。如：It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man. (3) 用在抽象名詞或物質(zhì)名詞前，表示“一種，一次，一類”等意義。如：He had a strong dislike for cold weather.(4) 用在序數(shù)詞前，表示“再一，又一”。如：He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long jump. (5) 用在專有名詞前，相當(dāng)于“一位，一個(gè)，某位，某個(gè)”或“式的人”。如：Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso. (6) 用在某些固定詞組中：all of a sudden, as a matter of fact, go out for a walk, have a good time, make a difference, make a living, have an idea of, have a good knowledge of等。如：I dont understand what the engineer means, but Ive got a rough idea of the project plan. (7) 用在季節(jié)、月份、星期或節(jié)日的名詞前，表示某個(gè)特定的季節(jié)、月份、日子或節(jié)日。如：The accident happened on a rainy Sunday towards the end of July.3. 零冠詞的基本用法（不用冠詞的情況）： (1) 復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指時(shí)，其前不加冠詞。如：The Smiths dont usually like staying at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by the sea. (2) 可數(shù)名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格時(shí)，其前不用冠詞。如：Jacks English book is lying on his desk.(3) 專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞和表示人名、地名等的名詞前，通常不用冠詞。如：Sarah looked at the finished painting with satisfaction.(4) 表示季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、一日三餐的名詞前，以及表示體育運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目、學(xué)科、運(yùn)輸或通訊方式等的名詞前，通常不用冠詞。如：Were going to watch a match on Sunday.(5) 表示職務(wù)、頭銜的名詞作表語、同位語、補(bǔ)足語等時(shí)，其前不用冠詞。如：Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take place of George. (6) 在某些固定搭配中, 如：at dawn, on second thoughts, come to light, come to power, give birth to, out of control, in public, ahead of time, in debt, hand in hand, in place of, do harm to等?？键c(diǎn)二：習(xí)語、固定短語中的冠詞：1. 不定冠詞用于短語搭配中。(1) “have/takea(n)與動(dòng)詞同形的名詞”，表示動(dòng)作的一次。have/take a rest休息一會(huì)兒have/take a look看一下have/take a bath洗個(gè)澡(2) “go out for a(n)名詞”，表示從事某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。go out for an outing去郊游go out for a picnic去野餐(3) 習(xí)慣搭配。as a matter of fact; in a hurry; in a word; a waste of; in a way; come to an end; all of a sudden; have a(n).knowledge of; have a(n).understanding/grasp /feeling of2. 定冠詞用于固定搭配。in the morning; on the other hand; on the contrary; on the air; in the end; come to the point; the ABC of.3. 在一些固定短語中，名詞前不用冠詞。at night; at home; day after day; by telephone; in danger; on purpose; out of control; undern.; be home to.第五講座：代詞-基礎(chǔ)篇一人稱代詞：單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱it/she/heit/her/himtheythem1. 主格作主語, 賓格作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語：He teaches _(we) Chinese.2. 三種人稱代詞并列時(shí), 順序?yàn)?單數(shù): 二, 三, 一 （You, she and I ） 復(fù)數(shù): 一, 二, 三 (we, you and they )注: 若把責(zé)任擔(dān), 第一人稱最當(dāng)先, (即若做錯(cuò)事時(shí), 把第一人稱放在最前面.)She and I have been to Beijing .Who broke the window ? I and Mike .注：it 還有一些特別的用法。1）用作形式主語, 常用于 “Its +adj +to do sth”句型中.2) 用在句型: “It seems that ”中.3) 用在句型: “Its ones turn to do sth”中.4) 用在句型: “Its time to do sth / for sth”中.5) 用在句型: “Its +adj +that 從句”中.6) 用作形式賓語, 用來代替動(dòng)詞不定式. make /think /feel/find + it + adj (名詞)+ to do sth .二. 物主代詞：第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形容詞性myouryouryourits/his/hertheir名詞性mineoursyoursyoursits/his/herstheirs形容詞性的物主代詞作定語放在名詞前，不能單獨(dú)使用。名詞性的物主代詞，后面不能加名詞。名詞性的物主代詞常與of 連用。Our classroom is as big as _(they).This is a friend of _(my).注: 1) 名詞性的物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞性的物主代詞加一個(gè)名詞.（名詞性的物主代詞=形容詞性的物主代詞+ 名詞） 2) 形容詞性的物主代詞與own 連用時(shí),后面可跟名詞也可不跟名詞. My own house = a house of my own 三. 反身代詞：單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱myselfourselves第二人稱yourselfyourselves第三人稱himself/herself/itselfthemselves記憶小竅門:反身代詞有規(guī)律, 第三人稱賓格加self. 其余都要物主加self, 復(fù)數(shù)ves來把f替.反身代詞的常用搭配:enjoy oneself hurt oneself teach oneself = learnby oneslf all by oneself help oneself to look after oneself leave sb by oneself lose oneself in say to oneself for oneself dress oneself improve oneself see oneself in the mirror四. 指示代詞：1. 近指: this these 遠(yuǎn)指: that those 2. 用法:1) that those 常用來代替前面出現(xiàn)的人或物, 以避免重復(fù). That代替可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞. Those 代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞.The weather in Guangdong is hotter than _ in Qinghai .The books in that shop are cheaper than _in this shop.A.this B.that C.one D.those 2) this, that 可代替句子或句子的一個(gè)部分, that代替前面提到的句子而this代替下面提到的句子.He had a bad cold , that is why he didnt come .3) 在電話用語中, this 代替自己, 而that 代替對方.This is Tom speaking. Who is that ?五. 不定代詞的區(qū)別：1. one與it 的區(qū)別：One 代替同類事物中的一種. 而it代替上文中出現(xiàn)的某事物.This book is a good one. May I borrow it ?2. some與any 的區(qū)別：一般情況下, some用于肯定句, any用于否定,疑問句, 條件句中. 但在表建議的疑問句中, 仍用some 代any. 常用于could / would / May 開頭或what about /how about . 的句中。May I have some water ?He asked me for some paper, but I didnt have any .3. many與much的區(qū)別：Many+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù) Much+不可數(shù)名詞 都相當(dāng)于 a lot of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞注: a lot of 不能用于否定句中. 否定句中用many /much .4. a few /few /a little /little 的區(qū)別：表否定(幾乎沒有)表肯定(有一點(diǎn)/幾個(gè))修飾可數(shù)名詞fewa few修飾不可數(shù)名詞littlea littleThe story is easy to read. there are _ new words in it .Hurry up ! There is _ time left .5. each / every 的區(qū)別：each 表示兩者或兩者以上的人或物中的每一個(gè). 而every 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一個(gè).There are trees and flowers on _ side of the street . _ student has read a story .注: each 可以與of 連用, each of 作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 而every 不能與of 連用. 只能放在名詞前作定語.Each of us _(study )hard .6. no one 與none 的區(qū)別：no one 表示沒有人, 不能與of 連用. 而none of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞/ 代詞，作主語時(shí)，謂語常用單數(shù)。The boys were all tired , but _ of them stopped to have a rest .7. both /neither /either /all / none / any 的區(qū)別：都都不任何一個(gè)兩者之間bothneithereither三者或三者以上allnoneanyThere are many trees on _ side of the river. A. both B.any C. Either D. all 注: 1). both 的否定詞是neither, all的否定詞是none.2). both of 作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).neither of作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).Neither of the answers _(be) right .Both of my parents _(be) workers.3). 詞組 A) both and 連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù). 同義詞組: not only but also 反義詞組: neither nor Not only you but also she likes watching TV.= _ you _ she like watching TV.= You like watching TV, _ _ she .B) either or 或者或者 , neithernor 既不也不 連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞實(shí)行就近原則.Neither you nor he _ (be ) right.One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park. = _ Lily _Lucy _ going to the park.C) either 也可用于否定句中的 “也”D) neither 也可表示 “ 也不” 句型: neither sb 某人也不怎么樣.If you dont go there , _ _ I . (我也不去)4) how many /how much 的回答: 用none回答.Who 的回答: 用no one 回答.What 的回答: 用nothing 回答.How many students are there in the classroom ? _.Who can answer the question ? _.A. None B. No one C. Nothing 8. other /the other /others /the others 的區(qū)別(空)后面沒有名詞(空)后面有名詞有數(shù)量限制(特指)the othersthe other沒有數(shù)量限制(泛指)othersother注: 1) one the other 表示兩者之間的一個(gè)另一個(gè) 2) some others 表示一些 一些3) another 表示三者以上的不確定數(shù)目中的另一個(gè). 只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù).但 another +數(shù)字+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞= 數(shù)字+ more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 表示 “ 另外幾個(gè)”Would you like _ apple ?I have two brothers, one is a teacher, _ is a worker .Some are cleaning the classroom, _ are sweeping the window .There are 20 teachers in our school. Eight of them are men teachers, and _ are women teachers. everyone每個(gè)，人人，大家不與of 連用every one每個(gè)人、物可與of 連用9. Every one of us has seen the film . Everyone should do their best .10. 復(fù)合不定代詞：someanynoeverythingsomethinganythingnothingeverythingonesomeoneanyoneno oneeveryonebodysomebodyanybodynobodyeverybody注: 1. 復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 2. 形容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí), 形容詞放在不定代詞之后. 3. 動(dòng)詞不定式修飾不定代詞時(shí), 動(dòng)詞不定式放在不定代詞之后. 4. 復(fù)合不定代詞用于反義疑問句中, 1) 指人的不定代詞, 其反義疑問句中的主語用he 或they . 2) 指物的不定代詞, 其反義疑問句中的主語用 it .5. any, anything, anyone, anyboby 也可用于肯定句中, 表示 “任何/任何物/任何人”Everything _(begin ) to grow in spring, _ _ ?Is there _(一些有趣的事)in todays newpaper ?I want something _ (eat ).第六講座：代詞-提高篇一、人稱代詞：人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分，主格在句中作主語、表語等成分，賓格在句中作動(dòng)詞、介詞賓語、同位語等成分，有時(shí)也可作表語。不僅指人，也可指物，有人稱和數(shù)的變化?！咀⒁狻吭谶B詞than和as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中常常省略從句，只保留人稱代詞，人稱代詞作主語時(shí)要用主格，在口語中也常用賓格；但當(dāng)人稱代詞后有動(dòng)詞時(shí)就必須用主格。如：My sister speaks English as well as me/I. (口語中常用me)My sister speaks English as well as I do. (此時(shí)只能用I)二、物主代詞：1物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，必須與所指的名詞在人稱、數(shù)和性別方面保持一致。如：The waiters offered their food to the homeless man.【注意】單數(shù)陽性名詞和單數(shù)陰性名詞連用作主語時(shí)，如果前面有every，each修飾，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，代詞用his。如：Each boy and each girl wants to lend his raincoat to the soldiers.2. 形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，只能作名詞或動(dòng)名詞的定語。e.g. This is our classroom.Would you mind my opening the window?3. 名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞名詞”，可單獨(dú)作主語、賓語、表語。此外，名詞性物主代詞還可與名詞及of連用，構(gòu)成雙重所有格。如：This is her coat. Mine is over there.Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party. 三、反身代詞：1. 反身代詞通常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, seat, dress, express, amuse, behave等動(dòng)詞和by, for, to, of等介詞后作賓語。如：He was left at home by himself the whole day yesterday. 2. 反身代詞可以作主語的同位語，主要起加強(qiáng)語氣的作用，意為“親自，本人，親身”。e.g. The teacher and pupils mended the road themselves. 3. 反身代詞可以在be, feel, look, seem等系動(dòng)詞