高中英語(yǔ) 直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)講解.doc

直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)不同句式的間接引語(yǔ)定義引述某人的話一般采用兩種形式：一種是直接引語(yǔ)（direct speech），即原封不動(dòng)地引用原話，把它放在引號(hào)內(nèi)；另一種是間接引語(yǔ)（indirect speech），即用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述，被轉(zhuǎn)述的內(nèi)容不放在引號(hào)內(nèi)。直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)為陳述句 直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，引述動(dòng)詞通常是say, tell等。主句中如果有say to sb., 通常變?yōu)閠ell sb. 與此同時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和其他方面也要相應(yīng)有所變化。the foreigner said to me, “ i like beijing very much”.那老外告訴我：我很喜歡北京。 the foreigner told me that he she liked beijing very much. 那老外告訴我說(shuō)他（她）很喜歡北京。she said, “we are very fond of sports”. 她說(shuō)：我們都喜歡體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。 she said that they were very fond of sports. 她說(shuō)他（她）們都喜歡體運(yùn)動(dòng)?！癷ll go over the grammar lesson once again”, he said. 他說(shuō)：我將把語(yǔ)法課再?gòu)?fù)習(xí)一遍。he said he would go over the grammar lesson once again. 他說(shuō)他將要把語(yǔ)法課再?gòu)?fù)習(xí)一遍。（that可省略）直接引語(yǔ)為疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用陳述語(yǔ)序，并要加連詞if 或 whether，其主句動(dòng)詞常用ask, wonder, want to know, didnt know等。句末不用問(wèn)號(hào)。my teacher asked me, “do you like american country music” 我老師問(wèn)我：你喜歡美國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)嗎？ my teacher asked me if/whether i liked american country music. 我老師問(wèn)我是否喜歡美國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)。 “you havent been to beijing, have you?” asked he. 他問(wèn)：你沒(méi)去過(guò)北，是嗎？ he asked me if/whether i had been to beijing. 他問(wèn)我是否去過(guò)北京。否定一般疑問(wèn)句和選擇問(wèn)句如果直接引語(yǔ)為否定的一般問(wèn)句或選擇疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用whetheror 連接。she said, dont you know my telephone number 她說(shuō)：你難道不知道我的電話號(hào)碼嗎？ she asked me whether i knew her telephone number or not. 她問(wèn)我是知道她的電話號(hào)碼。do you like this one or that one tom asked. 湯姆問(wèn)：你是喜歡這個(gè)還是那個(gè)？ tom asked me whether i liked this one or that one. 湯姆問(wèn)我是喜歡這個(gè)還是那個(gè)。特殊疑問(wèn)句 間接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)前仍然用特殊疑問(wèn)詞作為連詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，注意從句必須用陳述語(yǔ)序，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用ask。he asked, “how do you like it?”. 他問(wèn)：你覺(jué)得怎樣？ he asked me how i liked it. 他問(wèn)我覺(jué)得它怎樣。she asked me, “whats the matter with you?” 她問(wèn)我：你怎么啦？ she asked me what was the matter with me. 她問(wèn)我我怎么啦。 其它英語(yǔ)中有些疑問(wèn)句并非提出疑問(wèn)，而是表示請(qǐng)求、勸告、建議等。這種疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往采用其他的形式。suggest doing“shall we all go to the film tonight “, said michael. 邁克爾說(shuō)：我們今晚都去看電影，好嗎？ michael suggested going to the film tonight. 邁克爾建議今晚都去看電影?！皐hat about having a drink?” he asked. 他問(wèn)：喝杯怎么樣？he suggested having a drink. 他建議喝一杯。advise sb to do“why dont you go hiking”, asked james. 詹姆士問(wèn)：你為什么不徒步旅行？james advised me to go hiking. 詹姆士建議我去徒步旅行。. offer to do he said, “would you like me to post the letter?” 他說(shuō)：你要我寄信嗎？ he offered to post the letter. 他主動(dòng)提出寄信。ask sb to do“will you please bring your reference book here tomorrow?”, she said to me. 她對(duì)我說(shuō)：勞駕你明天把你的參考書(shū)帶來(lái)好嗎？she asked me to take my reference book there the next day. 她讓我第二天把我的參考書(shū)帶去。直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句 1直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)往往用復(fù)合賓來(lái)表示，其結(jié)構(gòu)為主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（動(dòng)詞不定式）。引述動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)口氣選用tell, ask, order, command, request等詞，句中please去掉。 she said to me, “please have a res”t. 她對(duì)我說(shuō)：請(qǐng)休息一下。 she asked me to have a rest. 她要求我休息一下。 “dont all answer at once”, she said to the pupils. 她對(duì)學(xué)生說(shuō)：大家不要齊聲回答。 she told the pupils not to answer all at once. 她叫學(xué)生不要齊聲回答。2帶有l(wèi)et的祈使句（表示請(qǐng)求，建議或命令），可用suggest + -ing形式或suggest +that從句來(lái)表示其相應(yīng)的意思。 “l(fā)ets go for a walk”, said the girl. 那姑娘說(shuō)，讓我們?nèi)ド⑸⒉桨伞?the girl suggested going for a walk. 這女孩建議去散散步。 the teacher said, “l(fā)et lily tidy the classroom”. 老師說(shuō)：讓莉莉整理教室。 the teacher suggested that lily should tidy the classroom. 老師建議讓莉莉整理教室。直接引語(yǔ)為感嘆句1直接引語(yǔ)是感嘆句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，多采用賓語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)，既可用what或how引導(dǎo)，也可用that引導(dǎo)。 “what a clever boy you are!”, my teacher said to him. 老師對(duì)他說(shuō)，你是個(gè)聰明的孩子啊！ my teacher told him what a clever boy he was. 老師對(duì)他說(shuō)他是一個(gè)多聰明的孩子啊。 he said, “how well you look!”. 他說(shuō)：你看起來(lái)氣色多好啊！ he said how well i looked. 他說(shuō)我看起來(lái)是氣色多好啊。 2有些感嘆句可以根據(jù)原句的意思，采用適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞變?yōu)殛愂鼍?，不需用間接賓語(yǔ)來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)述。 “help!”, he cried. 他喊到：救命??！ he called for help. 他大聲呼救。 “what terrible weather it is!”, he said. 他說(shuō)：多么糟糕的天氣！ he complained about the terrible weather. 他抱怨這糟糕的天氣。 “happy christmas!”, he said. 他說(shuō)：圣誕快樂(lè)！ he wished me a happy christmas. 他祝我圣誕快樂(lè)。引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)的各種相應(yīng)變化時(shí)態(tài)的變化現(xiàn)在時(shí)間推移到過(guò)去時(shí)間直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1時(shí)態(tài)的變化現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)間推移到過(guò)去的過(guò)去直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)（不變）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)或不變將來(lái)時(shí)間推移到過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)間接引語(yǔ)中保持原來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)不變 a. 主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。 he thinks, “she will be back in a month”. he thinks she will be back in a month. 他想她將在一個(gè)月后回來(lái)。 he says, i have accepted her invitation. he says he has accepted her invitation. 他說(shuō)他已接受了她的邀請(qǐng)。比較： 間接引語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)比。 sarah said to me,i have two brothers. 莎莎對(duì)我說(shuō)：“我有兩個(gè)弟弟?！?sarah told me that she has two brothers. 莎莎告訴我說(shuō)她有兩個(gè)弟弟。（說(shuō)話才認(rèn)為這情況是真實(shí)的） sarah told me that she had two brothers. 莎拉告訴我說(shuō)她有兩個(gè)弟弟。（說(shuō)話者對(duì)此沒(méi)有什么把握） b. 間接引語(yǔ)表示的是現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作、科學(xué)真理、客觀事實(shí)、格言等。 the geography teacher said to the students, “the earth moves round the sun”. the geography teacher told the students that the earth moves round the sun. 老師告訴學(xué)生地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。 he said, “every dog has his day”. he said that every dog has his day. 他說(shuō)是人皆有出頭日。 c. 間接引語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作說(shuō)話時(shí)仍在進(jìn)行或狀態(tài)仍然存在，時(shí)態(tài)可保 持不變。 he said, “the window is broken”. he said that the window is broken.他說(shuō)玻璃窗碎了。 just now brown said, “my son is ill today”. brown told me just now that his son is ill today. 布朗剛才告訴我說(shuō)，他兒子今天病了。 d. 間接引語(yǔ)中有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，仍可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，不必改為過(guò)去 完成時(shí)。 the girl said, “i was born in 1978”. the girl said that she was born in 1978.那女孩說(shuō)她生于1978年。 she said, “ my teacher was busy yesterday”. she said that her teacher was busy yesterday. 她說(shuō)她老師昨天很忙。2情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的變化情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在間接引語(yǔ)中都可以改為過(guò)去式，must表示必、推測(cè)、禁止等意思時(shí)，可不變；表示必須時(shí)可不變，也可用had to 或would have to。 the senior said, “all men must die”. the senior said that all men must die. 那老者說(shuō)人總是要死的。 she said, “i must go to see the doctor tomorrow afternoon”. she said she must would have to go to see the doctor the next afternoon. 她說(shuō)第二天下午她一定得去看醫(yī)生。 he said to me, “we used to go there every year”. he told me that they used to come here every year. 他對(duì)我說(shuō)他們過(guò)去每年都來(lái)這里。（used to在間接引語(yǔ)中不變）3代詞的變化1人稱代詞的變化 當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱時(shí)，引語(yǔ)中的人稱代詞不變。 i said, “you did quite well in the exam yesterday”. i said that you had done quite well in the exam the day before. 我說(shuō)你那天考得不錯(cuò)。 直接引語(yǔ)中主語(yǔ)是第一人稱時(shí)，在改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，其人稱與主句中的 主語(yǔ)的人稱一致。 he said to tom, “ill do my best to catch up with others”. he told tom that he would do his best to catch up with others. 他告訴湯姆他將盡他所能趕上其他人。 直接引語(yǔ)中主語(yǔ)是第二人稱時(shí)，在改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，其人稱和主句的賓 語(yǔ)相一致。 he said to her, “where did you put the glasses” he asked her where she had put the glasses. 他問(wèn)她，她把杯子放哪兒了。 提示： 如果主句中無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境或想象，自添適當(dāng)?shù)馁e語(yǔ)；如果直接引語(yǔ)中有呼語(yǔ)，則將其改為間接引語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)。 mother asked, “where have you been?”. mother asked me where i had been. 母親問(wèn)我去哪兒了。 “why are you late again?”, john the teacher asked. the teacher asked john why he was late again. 老師問(wèn)約翰為什么他又遲到。 直接引語(yǔ)中主語(yǔ)是第三人稱時(shí)，在改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)不發(fā)生變化。 he said to tom, “she can help them”. he told tom that she could help them. 他告訴湯姆她能夠幫助他們。 2物主代詞的變化 “you should not overlook your fault”, mum said to me. mum told me that i should not overlook my fault. 媽媽對(duì)我說(shuō)我不應(yīng)該忽略我的缺點(diǎn)。 the two boys said, we have lost ur dog. the two boys said they had lost their