Book5_U2_重點(diǎn)詞匯講解.doc

Book 5_U2_資源庫(kù)_詞匯牛津高中資源庫(kù)之詞匯設(shè)計(jì)單元：Unit 2 The Environment板塊：詞匯1. A healthy environment is important for our survival.survival 的用法 n.存在，幸存 survivor n。生存者The survival of the fittest is the law of nature. 適者生存是自然法則。He is the only survival in the air crash.他是空難的唯一幸存者。survive v.活著，繼續(xù)存在；比活得長(zhǎng)；從困境中活過(guò)來(lái)或挺過(guò)來(lái)Few survived after the flood.洪水后生還者很少。The custom sstill survives.這種風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣還保存著。He survived his wife for many years.他比她妻子多活好多年。The house survived the storm.經(jīng)過(guò)暴風(fēng)雨的襲擊，著所房屋并未倒塌2. In addition,many sea creatures are being wiped out by fishing boats.此外，捕撈船正在將大量的海洋生物干盡殺絕。in addition 加上，又，另外1) In addition, I have one more suggestion to make.另外，我還有個(gè)建議要提。2) In addition to the tips mentioned above, students should pay attention to one more tip.除了上所提到的注意事項(xiàng)，學(xué)生們還得注意一點(diǎn)。3) an addition to the class 一名班里新加的同學(xué)4) additional 多余的； 額外的The government is providing an additional 1 million yuan to carry out the experiment.3. wipe out 掃除，清除掉，購(gòu)銷（債務(wù)），消滅，毀滅We should call on the people to wipe out flies ,mice and so on.我們應(yīng)該號(hào)召人民消滅蒼蠅、老鼠等。It was wiped out from his memory.這件事從他的記憶中消失了。拓展：wipe off dirt擦去灰塵 The rain then falling wiped away all the footprints.當(dāng)時(shí)正下著雨，把所有的足跡都沖掉了。4. .without giving them time to lay eggs 沒(méi)有時(shí)間給他們產(chǎn)卵lay laid laid1). 產(chǎn)；下This kind of birds lay their eggs in other birds nests這種鳥(niǎo)把自己的蛋下在別的鳥(niǎo)的巢里。.This is the season when fish lay eggs, therefore fishing is forbidden.這是個(gè)魚(yú)產(chǎn)卵的季節(jié)，因而禁止捕魚(yú)。2)放；擱，鋪設(shè)You should not lay your new suit on the bed你不該把你的新西裝放在床上。.Youd better put the problem aside and think about it later.你最好把這個(gè)問(wèn)題放一放，過(guò)一會(huì)兒再思考。 The workers are laying the cable.工人們?cè)阡佋O(shè)電纜。3)擺放to lay the table 擺放餐具準(zhǔn)備用餐。注意：lie-lied-lied-lying說(shuō)謊 lie-lay-lain-lying躺 lay-laid-laid-laying放置，擱，產(chǎn)卵5. The people running these factories are very concerned about the environment.經(jīng)營(yíng)這些工廠的人很關(guān)注環(huán)境。run 1)跑Luis can run as fast as a horse劉易斯跑得象馬一樣快。2)經(jīng)營(yíng)He is learning how to run a business.他正在學(xué)如何經(jīng)營(yíng)事業(yè)。3)開(kāi)設(shè)The school runs courses for those who want to improve their English.學(xué)校為那些想提高英語(yǔ)的人開(kāi)設(shè)課程。4)開(kāi)動(dòng)，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)Who can run this machine?誰(shuí)能開(kāi)動(dòng)這臺(tái)機(jī)器？Who had the machine running the whole night yesterday?誰(shuí)讓機(jī)器昨天開(kāi)一夜？5)延伸This road runs as far as the river.這條路一直通到河。6)流；淌Tears ran down her face after she heard the moving story. 聽(tīng)了那動(dòng)人的故事，淚水沿著臉流下。running water 自來(lái)水6. be concerned about(for ,over)對(duì)關(guān)心We are all concerned aour her safety.我們都很關(guān)心她的安全。She was much concerned over the living conditions of the refugees.她很關(guān)心難民的生活情況。Concerned 形容詞，意思是“和-有關(guān)We shall have to consult the other countries concerned.我們得和其他有關(guān)國(guó)家磋商。This was good news to everyone concerned.這對(duì)每一個(gè)有關(guān)的人來(lái)說(shuō)都是好消息。concerning prep.介詞，通常用于比較正式的場(chǎng)合，意思是“關(guān)于-”I wrote to the head of the company concerning a business arrangement.我就一項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)安排問(wèn)題寫信給該公司經(jīng)理。as far as be concerned 就-而言As far as Im concerned, I cannot object to your marriage.就我個(gè)人而言，我不反對(duì)你們結(jié)婚。7. The figure is now approaching 6.5 billion people.Figure數(shù)字Dont jist liik at the figures, look at the quality of work.,too.不要只看數(shù)字，還要看工作質(zhì)量。1)figure 圖形，人物square figure 方形historical figure 歷史人物2)figure out弄懂，弄明白，想出辦法Ill figure out what to do next. 我來(lái)看看下一部怎么辦。8. What if we run out of space?要是我們用完了空間怎么辦/We have run out of milk and bread.我們沒(méi)有牛奶和面包了。run for-競(jìng)選She run for mayor three times.她三次競(jìng)選市長(zhǎng)。run across 偶遇run after追趕，追逐I ran across my teacher at the hall. 我在大廳里遇到了老師。9.Ecotourists are people who visit an area and do not harm or damage the ecosystem.生態(tài)旅游者是指那些參觀該地區(qū)但不破壞或損害生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的人。eco-環(huán)境的，生態(tài)的ecology 生態(tài)學(xué) ecological生態(tài)的 ecologist生態(tài)學(xué)家 ecotype生態(tài)型 ecoearriers生態(tài)保護(hù)戰(zhàn)士ecotourism生態(tài)旅游 ecotourist生態(tài)旅游者ecofriendly環(huán)保的 ecodevelopment生態(tài)發(fā)展 ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)eco-activi生態(tài)活動(dòng) ecocatastrophe生態(tài)災(zāi)難10.global adj. 全球的，全世界的 global issue 全球性問(wèn)題 global village 地球村 global warming 全球變暖 globalize v. 全球化，全世界化 globalization n. the globalization of world trade 世界貿(mào)易的全球化 globe n. 地球儀，地球，世界 tourists from every corner of the globe 來(lái)自世界各地的游人11. The cars are all electric and can be plugged into normal outlets. 這些車都是用電的可以插入正常的插座。electric adj.電的，用電的，帶電的 electric light/guitar 電燈/電吉他 electric razor 電動(dòng)剃須刀 electric blanket 電熱毯 electrical adj. 電的，與電有關(guān)的，電氣科學(xué)的 electrical equipment 電器設(shè)備 electrical engineering 電機(jī)工程 electricity n. 電 electrician n. 電工12. One of the customs officers 其中一個(gè)海關(guān)官員customs n. 海關(guān)，報(bào)關(guān)手續(xù),關(guān)稅It took us an hour to get through/pass the customs.我們花了一個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間通過(guò)海關(guān)。I had to pay customs on this camera.我得為這部相機(jī)支付關(guān)稅。custom n. 風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，習(xí)俗Social customs vary greatly from coutry to country.各個(gè)國(guó)家的社會(huì)習(xí)俗有很大的差異。the custom of giving presents at Christmas 圣誕互贈(zèng)禮物的習(xí)俗It is the custom in that country for women to marryyoung.那個(gè)國(guó)家婦女早婚是一種風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。the Customs 海關(guān)a customs officer 海關(guān)人員customs duties 關(guān)稅13 was watching the arrivals closelyclose adv.接近，緊密Dont come too close. 別靠得太近。They sat close together. 他們緊挨著坐在一起。closely adv.密切地，仔細(xì)地 I sat and watched everyone very closely.我坐著仔細(xì)觀察每一個(gè)人。 The two events are closely connected. 兩起事件有著緊密的聯(lián)系。類似的詞還有： deep/deeply high/highly wide/widelyHe kept his eyes wide open.他睜大眼睛。Computers are widely used in our life.計(jì)算機(jī)廣泛地用于生活中。14.The state of our parks is very shocking,with rubbish everywhere.公園里到處都是垃圾，令人震驚。Shock v.使-震驚I was very much shocked at the sight.這情景使我大為震驚。Shock n.沖擊，打擊，電擊It was a great shock for him when his wife died.他妻子的死對(duì)他上一個(gè)沉重的打擊。An electric shock can kill you.電擊可致人于死地。相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：culture shock文化沖擊（休克）future shock未來(lái)沖擊（震撼）shocked 感到震驚 shocking令人震驚15. I was very impressed.我留下了很深的印象。As a result , you impressed the audience.結(jié)果你給觀眾留下了深刻的印象。impress v.給留下印象 We interviewed a number of candidates but none of them impressed us.我們和數(shù)名申請(qǐng)人進(jìn)行了面談，但沒(méi)給我們留下什么印象。He impressed her with his sincerity.他以自己的真誠(chéng)給她留下了深刻的印象。impression n. 印象，感想My first impression of him was favourable.他給我的第一印象不錯(cuò)。She gives the impression of being very busy.她給人的感覺(jué)總是很忙。 Makeimpression on 給留下印象 His trip to India made a strong impression on him.他的印度之行對(duì)他的振動(dòng)很大。leave an impression on sb給某人留下印象。16. The United Nations and its member countries are working hard to combat desertification.聯(lián)合國(guó)及其成員國(guó)正與土地沙化做斗爭(zhēng)。nation: 國(guó)家；全國(guó)的人；民族No agreement was reached between the two nations.兩國(guó)間未達(dá)成協(xié)議The president spoke on TV to the nation.總統(tǒng)通過(guò)電視對(duì)全國(guó)人民講話。The rise and fall of a nation is the concern of every citizen.國(guó)家興亡，匹夫有責(zé)。the United Nations 聯(lián)合國(guó) 相關(guān)的詞和詞語(yǔ)：national adj. The Chinese national anthem is called March of the Volunteers.中國(guó)的國(guó)歌叫“義勇軍進(jìn)行曲”。national defence 國(guó)防 national flower 國(guó)花 national emblem 國(guó)徽 the national flag 國(guó)旗national treasure 國(guó)寶increase national income 提高國(guó)民收入比較：country是地理上的“國(guó)家”，側(cè)重指主權(quán)管轄下的整個(gè)區(qū)域Great changes are taking place all over the country.全國(guó)上下正在發(fā)生巨大的變化。Some parts of the country are much warmer than others.全國(guó)的一些地方比另一些地方暖和得多。nation指由民族構(gòu)成的“國(guó)家”，側(cè)重指民族和人民The whole nation was up in arms.全國(guó)人民都武裝起來(lái)了。The future of our nation is bright.民族的為了是光明的。 state是政權(quán)意義上的“國(guó)家”，側(cè)重指國(guó)家的政治組織 Mothers and children are protected by the state.婦女兒童受政府的保護(hù)。 Education is controlled by the state.教育是由國(guó)家政府部門控制的。17.This is one of the cheapest and most effective ways of decreasing desertification.這是減少沙化的最便宜、最有效的方法之一。decrease;(v. ) （使某物）變小或變少；減少；(n.) decrease ( in sth. ) 減少；降低Student numbers have decreased by 500.學(xué)生人數(shù)減少了500。The membership decreased to 150.會(huì)員數(shù)減少到150。Interest in the sport is decreasing.人民對(duì)這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目的興趣已逐漸淡薄。 There has been a decrease in population.人口數(shù)已有下降。反義詞；increaseTourists have increased in number.旅游者的人數(shù)增加了。Increase in population caused a shortage of food.人口的增加導(dǎo)致了糧食的不足18. The center has over 300 scientists and technicians to help with anti-desertification measures and 這個(gè)中心有300多位科學(xué)家和技術(shù)人員來(lái)幫助采取措施防止沙化measure; (v).量度，測(cè)量；（ n. ）量器；尺度，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；措施，辦法；The tailor measured me (up) for a suit. 裁縫給我量尺寸做衣服。This room measures 6 meters by 4.這個(gè)房間6米長(zhǎng)，4米寬。They took strong measures against reckless drivers.他們對(duì)于鹵莽的駕駛員采取了強(qiáng)硬的手段。clothes made to measure 訂做的衣服 a tape measure 卷尺 19. This center was set up in 1996 and is stocked with modern technical equipment and computers for environmental research.這個(gè)中心是在1996年建立的，配有用于環(huán)境研究的先進(jìn)設(shè)備及計(jì)算機(jī)。 stock;(n) 庫(kù)存物，存貨；(adj.)常備的；常用的，陳腐的 (v.) 儲(chǔ)備Have you any red shirts in stock?你們有紅色襯衣的的現(xiàn)貨嗎？As soon as they heard about possible food shortages, they began to stock up.他們一聽(tīng)說(shuō)食物可能短缺，就立刻儲(chǔ)備起來(lái)。We stock a lot of canned food in the basement.我們?cè)诘叵率依飪?chǔ)存了大量的罐頭食品。Stocks of the company are rising (falling)該公司的股票正在上漲（下跌）。the stock exchange 證券交易所20.using satelliests to pick out areas likely to be affected by desertification用衛(wèi)星找出肯受荒漠化影響的地區(qū)pick out選出，揀出Here are sone magazines. You can pick out those you want.這里有一些雜志，你可挑出你想要的。pick up;拈起，學(xué)會(huì)，收聽(tīng)到，搭載，康復(fù)She picked up the telephone on her desk and began to dial.她拿起桌上的電話開(kāi)始撥號(hào)。The lirrle girl picked herself up and went on playing.那小女還自己爬起來(lái)玩。Young children soon pick up words they hear their elders use.小孩很快就學(xué)會(huì)了他們聽(tīng)到大人們講的那些話。We picked up signals for help in the radio.我們?cè)跓o(wú)線電里收到了呼救信號(hào)。The bus stopped to pick up passengers.公共汽車停下來(lái)讓乘客上車。She was ill for some time , but she is now picking up.她病了一陣子，不過(guò)現(xiàn)在正在康復(fù)。辨析：pick out,choose 和selectpick out指“仔細(xì)挑選”，表示選擇時(shí)的小心謹(jǐn)慎；choose是一般性選擇，在明確兩 者之間選一個(gè)時(shí)，用select側(cè)重于從許多不同種類中進(jìn)行挑選時(shí)的挑剔態(tài)度21. ,it is clear to see why the environmental problems of the Yangtze River have raised concern both nationally and internationally.很清楚可以看出長(zhǎng)江的環(huán)境問(wèn)題引起了過(guò)內(nèi)外的關(guān)注。raise;(v)舉起，提起，升起，提高，引起，激起，使產(chǎn)生或出現(xiàn)，養(yǎng)育，飼養(yǎng)，She raised her eyes and stared at me. 她抬起眼睛盯著我。My salary was raised to 50000 yuan a year.我的薪水被增加到每年50000元。Please raise your hand.請(qǐng)舉手。She raised the window and let in the fresh air.她把窗戶推上去，讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來(lái)。He raised his voice.他提高聲音。I was raised by my aunt.我由姑姑撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大。raise money 募捐/raise a question 提問(wèn)題/raise cattle 養(yǎng)牛比較：raise vt. (raised/raised) 舉起，抬起 rise vi.( rose/risen) 上升，起立Prices have been raised up.價(jià)格被提高了。 Prices rose gradually. 價(jià)格逐漸上漲。22. Experts have assessed the river and are now trying to work out possible solutions to the many problems.專家門對(duì)該河進(jìn)行了評(píng)估。正努力找出解決問(wèn)題的辦法。assess v. 確定，評(píng)定（某數(shù)額），評(píng)定（某事物）的價(jià)值/質(zhì)量，估價(jià)，assessment n. They sent a valuer to assess the value of the house.他們派了一位估價(jià)者去給房子估價(jià)。 Its difficult to assess the importance of the Presidents speech.總統(tǒng)講話的影響很難估計(jì)。Continuous assessment is made of all students work.對(duì)學(xué)生的功課做出聯(lián)貫性的評(píng)價(jià)。23which has endangered the wild animal population. 使野生動(dòng)物的數(shù)量面臨危機(jī)。endanger v.危及，危害 endangered adj.瀕臨滅絕的There can be no soubt that smoking endangers your health.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)吸煙危害你的健康。You will endanger your health if you work so hard.如果你工作過(guò)度勞累，健康會(huì)受到損害?！扒熬Y en+名詞”構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞還有；enjoy（享受，喜愛(ài)） encourage（鼓勵(lì)，激勵(lì)） enforce（實(shí)施，加強(qiáng)）前綴en還可加在形容詞前面構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞，如enrich （使豐富）enlarge（擴(kuò)大） enable（使能夠）Music can enrich your life.音樂(lè)能豐富你的人生。The company is looking for new ways of enlarging its market.公司正在尋找擴(kuò)大市場(chǎng)的新途徑。24. Boats are prohibited from entering this area in order to keep the dophins safe.為了保護(hù)海豚的安全，船只禁止進(jìn)入這一區(qū)域。Prohibit禁止Should smoking be peohibited in public places?公共場(chǎng)所應(yīng)該禁止吸煙嗎？反義詞：allow ，permitallow/permit sb to do允許某人干某事allow/permit doing 允許趕某事They dont allow smoking.他們不準(zhǔn)吸煙。My boss soesnt aloow me to use the telephone.老板不允許我用這部電話。They permit parking here.他們準(zhǔn)許在這里停車。辨析：prohibit 和forbidprohibit 指用法律法令來(lái)禁止某些事情prohibit sb from doing sth. 禁止某人干某事His poor eyesight prohibited him from becoming a pilot.他因視力弱而不能當(dāng)飛行員。forbid 指?jìng)€(gè)人禁止做某事（forbade,forbidden）firbid sb to do禁止某人干某事forbid doing禁止干某事Parking forbidden=No parking .禁止停車！25appreciate 贊賞，欣賞，感激I really appreciate your help.我真的很感激你的幫助。Do you appreciate good wine?你會(huì)鑒賞好酒嗎？13.who rely on it for water.以長(zhǎng)江水為生的人來(lái)說(shuō)。For many years, they had to rely on the river before they built the pipe for running water.在接水管取自來(lái)水之前，多年來(lái)他們用水完全依靠這條河。depend on 依靠，依賴count on指望，依賴Can I count on you to help me?我能仰仗你的協(xié)助嗎？You cant count on Tom being punctual.你不要指望湯姆會(huì)守時(shí)。練習(xí)（一） 詞匯拼寫1The two sides had a fierce d_before they reached an agreement.2There are no factories in the area,so there is no i_ pollution .3These measures are very b_,youd better take them.4It is o_that he knows nothing about what has happened,you may tell him now.5 In order to study the s_ in Russia ,Marx began to learn Russian in his sixties.6The_(環(huán)境)pollution here is very serious, which the government should not take no notice of.7 Frankly speaking,I did it out of my _(愿意).8_(除了)remembering new words,we should do more reading aloud in the morning.9 I am glad to see many of you have made _(穩(wěn)定)progress this term.10.There are a variety of gases in the _(大氣).11What Liu Xiang did at the Olympic Games excited the whole n_.12Using the right hand to shake hands is a c_.13They were talking across the garden f_.14Because of the heavy rain the l_ of the lake has risen 6 inches.15At what age does an elephant reach full g_?16Too much work and too little rest often _(導(dǎo)致) to illness.17You will _(危及) your health if you work so hard.18Plastics today contribute to a wide _(范圍) of industries.19Thats just because you cant _(欣賞) music.20.The _(使用) of some English words are difficult to learn.21. Now its time _(自由發(fā)言),you may air your opinions freely.22.I am afraid we will have to stop at the gas station, we_ (用完) the oil.23.Which of the s_ of the four is true according the passage.24.We shall start upon the a_ of the last guest.25. Most students are working hard, some of them have already made r_ progress.26.His efforts finally _(導(dǎo)致結(jié)果) his great success.27.Some naughty boy cant _(集中)what the teachers say in class, they are often absent-minded.28.As is known to all ,it is _(非法的) to hunt wildlife.29.Some animals have several _（胃）.30.His army _(裝備)the weapons made in Germany . 31.Students are required to watch c_ when doing chemical experiment.32.He can earn money himself, he no longer needs to_(依靠) his parents.33.Now in the USA ,he has come to realize the _(重要性)of English.34.The area of land that is _(可耕的) is comparatively small.35.It is a s_ to cheat in the exams.二用所給的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空一）. 選擇正確的詞或短語(yǔ)填空。voice,wipe out,live on, cut back on, expand, run, pay, tax, lay, approach1.Unlike tigers,deer_grass.2.He works very hard,of course he _well3.We should _hares for they are destroying the plants.4.The old worker can not _this machine,made in Japan.5.Its your turn to_your opinion.6.The products _heavily_when they are imported.7.Some countries have decided to_the number of army.8.The company will _its business by opening two more branches9.Autumn _,you may put on more clothes if necessary.10.The hen_-an egg a day for a long time.二）用所給詞匯的適當(dāng)形式填空。1 The floor requires _.(wash)2 He could do nothing but _out for a walk alone.(go)3 I have never heard a single word_ in French.(speak)4 Not all children had a chance _to school at that time.(go)5 The book _on the table doesnt belong to me .(lie)6 They are practicing _ the new song .(sing)7 I feel like _him what I think of him.(tell)8 Wed better keep a secret of the things _here now.(discuss)9 Hurry up ! Mother is sure to _us at home. (wait for)10. Do you think the situation _(encourage)?11.The Giant Panda is known as the _ ( nation ) treasure of China.12.How can I get the _ ( dirty ) off the walls?13.You heard nothing _ ( concern ) this matter, did you?14.A good sleeping bag is an essential part of every campers _ ( equip).15.You should employ a variety of _ ( technical ) in the test.三 單項(xiàng)選擇 1. Over one thousand people visited the exhibition _those who were present at the opening ceremony on the first day.A. except B. except forC. with the exception D. in addition to2. He tried to _the memory of his former girl friend.A. wiped out of B. wipe inC. wipe upD. wipe out3. The boy _on the ground_to his father that the hen_two egges that day.A.laying;lied; laidB. lying; lied; laidC. lying; l;ay; liedD. lay;lied;laid4. The cup was full and the water in it was_. A.running overB. running outC. running throughD. runnin gout of5. Its not necessary for you to be _about others business. A. concern B. concerning C.concerned D. concern yourself6. I cant _why she said so.A. figure out B. think overC. think of D.figure on7. Everyone wishes for _peace.A. globe B.globallyC.global D.the globe8. The little girl was frightened