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高考總復(fù)習(xí):被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)真題再現(xiàn):1. Dont worry. The hard work that you do now _ later in life. A. will be repaidB. was being repaidC. has been repaidD. was repaid2. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _. We must act immediately before theres nothing left.A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run out3. Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I on Friday. A. get paid B. got paid C. have paid D. had been paid4. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house _.A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt5. Have you heard about that fire in the market? Yes, fortunately no one _. A. hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. had been hurt6. The letters for the boss _ on his desk but he didnt read them until three days later. A. were put B. was put C. put D. has put7. After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it .A. was decorated B. had decoratedC. had been decorating D. was being decorated 8. Experiments of this kind _ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted9. I didnt ask for the name list. Why _ on my desk?I put it there just now in case you needed it.A. does it land B. has it landed C. will it land D. had it landed10. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _ four days later.A. rescued B. was rescued C. has rescued D. had been rescued答案與解析1. A。從dont可知語(yǔ)境為現(xiàn)在,排除B、D;而later in life可知為將來(lái)的動(dòng)作,意為“被給予回報(bào)”,故選A。 2. B。分析題干語(yǔ)境可知,食品供應(yīng)即將耗盡。run out為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),不能使用被動(dòng)形式,由此可排除C和D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),可以表示將來(lái),符合題意。因此,正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。3. A。在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái),且I與pay之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以選A。4. A。句意為:他們現(xiàn)在暫時(shí)和父母一起居住,因?yàn)樗麄冏约旱姆孔诱谥亟ā8鶕?jù)句意可知,應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),且house與動(dòng)詞rebuilt之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。5. B。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,火災(zāi)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的時(shí)間,人有可能“被火傷害”,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。6. A。句子的主語(yǔ)為the letters,不能選擇第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式,排除B, D項(xiàng);而且信應(yīng)該是“被放在桌上”,選擇被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。7. D。It指代the reading-room,所以只能用被動(dòng),考慮到only to be told表示結(jié)果,所以選擇D。8. D。experiment和conduct之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故排除A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)。conduct這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之前,即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。9. B。根據(jù)句意可知名單現(xiàn)在在桌子上,故用現(xiàn)在時(shí),排除C,D項(xiàng);句中強(qiáng)調(diào)land這一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。10. B。根據(jù)句意,member和rescue之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,排除A,C項(xiàng);另外rescue并不是發(fā)生在get lost之前,只是陳述過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。知識(shí)講解:被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由be過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成,be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):am/is/are +done (過(guò)去分詞) English is widely used in the world.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):has /have been done All those flowers have been watered.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):am/is /are being done The blackboard is being painted now.一般過(guò)去時(shí):was/were done We were asked to help them.過(guò)去完成時(shí):had been done The building had been completed before I arrived.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):was/were being done The university was being built when I saw last time.一般將來(lái)時(shí):shall/will be done A class meeting will be held next Monday.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí):should/would be done She said the book would be delivered soon. 將來(lái)完成時(shí):shall/will have been done I will have finished my high school this time next year.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過(guò)去分詞。The books may be kept for two weeks.Whats done cannot be undone. 2. 有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ),在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ),另一賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的是間接賓語(yǔ)。Many books were given to the children at the school.Ann wasnt offered the job. 3. 當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ),其余不變。He was seen sitting there without doing anything.4. 在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get以及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí),在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略,但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),要加to。The poor children were made to work 12 hours a day.She is made to clean the floor.5. 有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組,如“動(dòng)詞介詞”,“動(dòng)詞副詞”等,也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體,不能分開(kāi)。在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中,切不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。Bad habits have been done away withThe plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的場(chǎng)合1. 講話者不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或不必說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 (這時(shí)可省 by 短語(yǔ))。Printing was introduced to Europe from China.2. 借助被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作突出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。Health is valued above everything.3. 為了更好地安排句子。We were shocked by the bad news.“It is said/thought/believed that.”及類(lèi)似句型一些表示“據(jù)說(shuō)”或“相信”的動(dòng)詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe過(guò)去分詞that從句”或“主語(yǔ)be過(guò)去分詞to do sth.”。有:It is said that 據(jù)說(shuō)It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道It is believed that 大家相信It is hoped that 大家希望It is well known that 眾所周知It is thought that大家認(rèn)為It is suggested that據(jù)建議Somebody/ something be supposed to do. 被期望;應(yīng)該It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. The boy is said to have passed the national exam.Im supposed to be meeting Tom at 8:15.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1.很多動(dòng)詞如break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等,當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)特征時(shí),常用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,主語(yǔ)通常是物。Glass breaks easily.The car rides smoothly.The dish tastes delicious. The theory proved right at last.The book is so interesting that it sells well.注意:主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)的特征,而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較:The door wont lock (指門(mén)本身有毛病) The door wont be locked (指不會(huì)有人來(lái)鎖門(mén), 指“門(mén)沒(méi)有鎖”是人的原因)2. 表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ),如:happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。3. 系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Your reason sounds reasonable.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義1. 形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義,但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式;而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。The picture-book is well worth reading(The picture-book is very worthy to be read)2. 動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式:當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),不定式一般要采用被動(dòng)形式。作主語(yǔ):It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.作賓語(yǔ):She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ):He wanted the letter to be typed at once.She didnt like herself to be praised like that.構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ):The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.作定語(yǔ):Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office?作狀語(yǔ):She was too young to be assigned such work.不定式有時(shí)還可以有完成式的被動(dòng)式,在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ),或者構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)等:It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.(主語(yǔ))She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (賓語(yǔ)))He thought it an honor to have been invited to the party. (復(fù)合賓語(yǔ))The book is said to have been translated into many languages. (復(fù)合謂語(yǔ))She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. (定語(yǔ))3.不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中:There is a lot of homework to do (to be done).There is no time to lose (to be lost).在“npron + be + ad.j + to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中作方式狀語(yǔ)。He is hard to convince.He is an impossible person to work with在“too.to do; enoughto”結(jié)構(gòu)中:The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)The house is big enough to live in.在“with+n.+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。With nothing to do,he lay in bedWith so many exercises to do, I cant go to the cinema當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)在句中出現(xiàn)時(shí)。I have a letter to type today. (I是to type的邏輯主語(yǔ))Do you have anything to say? (you是to say的邏輯主語(yǔ))當(dāng)不定式隱含在for sb to do結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)。This is the best book to read (=for usyou to read).The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house.5. rent, blame, let等用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Who is to blame for starting the fire?“get+過(guò)去分詞”可以表示被動(dòng),此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語(yǔ)化。She got married last week.The patient got treated once a weekHe fell off the car and got killedThere was a fight at the pub, but fortunately nobody got (=was) hurt.被動(dòng)表示主動(dòng)意義be seated, be located, be situated, be dressed等用被動(dòng)形式表達(dá)主動(dòng)意義。Please be seated.Our school is located at the foot of the mountain被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別當(dāng)“be+過(guò)去分詞”作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)承受的動(dòng)作;作系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)時(shí),be后面的過(guò)去分詞是表語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于形容詞。其區(qū)分辦法如下:1. 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或句中有介詞by引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,該句一般為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),否則為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。The glass is broken (系表結(jié)構(gòu))The glass was broken by the boy (被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))2. 如果句中有地點(diǎn)、頻率或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),一般為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。The door is lo

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