生活中的化學(xué)(英語論文).docx

Chemistry in daily lifeAn introductionChemistryis a naturalscience,mainly search thematerial composition,properties,structure and changing. Itis the primary methodsto recognizing and rebuilding the physical world.Ourdaily life is various,rich and colorful.Withthe improvement of peoples life,more and more people prefer health,high quality life. Peoplesbasic is closely related toChemistry. It can be said thatwe cannot live without chemistry.Modern chemistry including inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry and polymer chemistry.(無機(jī)化學(xué)、有機(jī)化學(xué)、物理化學(xué)、分析化學(xué)與高分子化學(xué)).Application in the basic necessities of lifeThe use of iodized salt. Iodine is an essential nutritional element, long-term iodine deficiency can lead to big neck disease, intake iodized salt is the most simple, economic, effective method to treat this disease.Iodized salt containing sodium chloride (氯化鈉)and potassium iodate（碘酸鉀）. Potassium iodate provide the iodine that human body needs, but the potassium iodate is not stable and easy to decompose when it is to be heated or light, thus affecting the intake of iodine. So when we cooking should pay attention to that: after adding salt we should take out the food quickly, not long time to stewed or stir fired.Now the mostconvenient means of transportationis the automobile,but the carwill producea lot of exhaust emissionsin the process of running. What kind of harm does car exhausthasto human health? Carbon monoxide is a colorless(無色), odorless（無臭）, tasteless（無味）,and non irritating（無刺激性） toxic gas. It with the airthrough the lungsinto the blood circulation,combined with the hemoglobin(血紅蛋白) in the blood, reducing the oxygen carrying capacity of red blood cells, effects of respirationand heart,brain function. Long term inhalation of nitrogen oxidescan destroy the lungtissue(肺組織), nitrogen oxidescancause tissuehypoxia（缺氧） and injury thesystemic tissue.Nowadays,the additive is chemical synthesisthat can improve food quality,prolong the preservation period of food in order to quicken food processing andincrease foodnutrition. For example, acidity regulator, color protecting agent, enzyme preparations, flavoring agent, anti caking agent, defoaming agent, antioxidant, bleach, leavening agent, preservative（防腐劑）, sweetener， thickener and flavor(香料).Nowalthough house pricesrising all the way,but people stillcontinue to strugglefor the house, so therenovation of housinghas becomea must. After the decoration, house can produce toxic substance such as formaldehyde,benzene andradon. The World Health Organization hasidentified that formaldehyde is the carcinogenic（致癌的） and teratogenic(致畸形的) substances.The detergent is prepared according to special formula with decontamination performance products. Detergent variety, different uses, the main components are surfactant(表面活性劑) and detergent auxiliary（洗滌助劑）. Surfactant is a kind of substance although the consumption is few but has significant effects.They can reduce the surface tension of water, to wetting, solubilization, emulsification and dispersion. Detergent can make the surface active agent into full play activity, thereby improving the washing effect of the material.Can not be cooked tofu calcium oxalate together with spinach is the human body cannot absorb deposits. Spinach, onions, bamboo is rich in oxalic acid, sodium oxalate, calcium salt contains more tofu, such as calcium sulfate composition. These substances can occur metathesis reaction, generate calcium oxalate precipitation and other substances. From a medical point of view: dont spinach and tofu, onions, bamboo shoots and mixed edible, will generate calcium oxalate precipitation, is the incentive to produce the stone; from the nutritional point of view, mixed edible will destroy the nutritional content of their. Harm of aluminum 3, aluminum on human health has always been regarded as non-toxic elements, powder, fermented aluminized fluffy agent is used in large water purification agent etc. But recent research shows that, aluminum can disrupt the bodys metabolism, slow cause harm to human health, its toxicity caused by slow and difficult to detect, however, toxicity once metabolic disorders are serious consequences. Anti aluminum poisoning, should pay attention to life reduce the entrance of aluminum, such as eating fried dough sticks, drug treatment of gastric avoid aluminum hydroxide reagent. Eat less aluminum products packaged food. (3), moderate use of aluminum products, to avoid prolonged contact between food or drinking water and aluminum products.New energy and new materialsGreen chemistry is also called environmentally friendly chemistry, environmental friendly chemistry, clean chemistry, green chemistry is nearly ten years to produce and develop, is a new chemical baby. It relates to organic synthesis, catalysis, biochemistry, analytical chemistry and other disciplines, extensive content. The biggest characteristic of green chemistry is on the use of pollution prevention and scientific means at the beginning, so the process and terminal are zero emission or zero pollution. Many countries in the world have one of the main direction of chemical green as the new century chemical progress.The use of chemical technology, the principle and method to eliminate to human health, safety and environmental toxic and hazardous chemicals, and therefore also known as environmental friendly chemistry or clean chemistry. In fact, green chemistry is a new science.Green chemistry is not only a significant social, environmental and economic benefits, but also that the negative effect of chemical is avoided, show the peoples initiative. Green chemistry reflects the interdependence and interaction of chemical science, technology and society, is the product of effect of chemical science highly development and social development of chemistry, the chemistry itself is a new stage arrival. As the new century generation, chemical should not only have the ability to develop new, more environmentally friendly, in order to prevent chemical pollution; and let the younger generation know the green chemistry and green chemistry, accept and make due contribution to the green chemistry.Human consumed 70% of the energyfrom fossil(fossil fuel) combustion,with the development of societyandthe improvement of peoples living standard,more andmore energy be needed ,butitwill alsoimpact the surrounding environment andfossil fuels will eventually dry up.To solve the energyproblem,one is toimprove the awareness of energy conservation. Another isto actively develop renewableclean new energy(green energy),which is the keyto solve the energyshortage and environmental pollution.The current newenergy mainly has: solar energy,nuclear energy,wind energy,ocean energy(tidal)and geothermal energy.According to the conditions of our country,we should promote the development ofhydropower(水電) and nuclear power.From the history of the development ofmodern science and technology,the materialis often the key torestricting the development,along with the development ofnew energy technology,space technology,laser technology, information technology,modern biologicaltechnology,computer science, modern science and technologyin urgent need ofmany new materials with special functions,synthesisand application of new materialsand give birth to newtechnology revolution.New materialscan be divided intoa new type of inorganic materialsandnew organicsynthetic material.A new type of inorganic materialsaccording to their use can bedivided into structural materials and functionalmaterials twocategories.Structural materials mainly the use of mechanicaland physicaland chemicalproperties of materials materials ,especiallywith the excellent performance ofhigh temperature resistance,chemical corrosion resistance,heat shock resistanceetc.in some extreme conditions,are widely used in machinerymanufacturing,construction, transportation and energyof various industrialdepartments.Functional materialsis the use ofmaterialsof heat,light,electricity,magnetic properties, used in electronics,laser,communication,energy and bioengineering and otherfields of advanced technology.The latest development offunctional material is anintelligent material material,whichhas the function o