人教版選修八Unit 3 Inventors and inventions reading課時作業(yè) (7).docx

unit 3 inventors and inventions reading課時作業(yè).閱讀理解a(2018吉林百校聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考)a new “smart bin” could mean the end of environmentconscious families spending hours sorting tins，cartons，bottles，and cardboard for recycling.the invention，which can help sort rubbish into recycling categories without needing people to operate.it is being trialled in poland and is set to go on sale in uk within a few years.the bin，designed by startup company bin.e，recognizes different types of waste via a system positioned inside the bin which uses sensors，image recognition and artificial intelligence.once waste is placed inside，the camera and sensor identify its type and place it in one of the smaller bins.then it compresses the waste so it occupies less space.it is thought that the bin could be stocked by department stores such as john lewis，which said it is introducing more new hitech recycling bins.matt thomas，a buyer at john lewis，gave us the reason，“weve recently seen a jump in specialist bins sales，with a 25 percent increase in the last few months alone.we have noticed our customers are becoming more and more focused on sustainability.in response to this demand，we are really excited to introduce a smart bin this autumn/winter seasondesigned to make recycling more efficient and functional for the everyday home.”bin.es official release on the market will take place in 2018.however，at first only a larger version designed for offices will be available.the office bin will sell at 430 while customers will need to pay a 107 subscription fee for an accompanying smartphone app，which hooks them up with collection services.a spokesman at bin.e said that home version of the bin will be cheaper and will not include a monthly payment.they added：“after the office version，we plan to create an outdoor version and later the home version.we decided to go for the outdoor version for public areas first because it is more difficult to organize an efficient waste segregating system than in our homes.”1.what do we know about a new “smart bin” from the first paragraph?a.it works automatically.b.it has been used widely.c.it is easy to operate.d.it is very expensive.2.what does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?a.the waste. b.the camera.c.the bin. d.the sensor.3.why is john lewis introducing more new hitech recycling bins?a.to change peoples behaviour.b.to satisfy increasing demands.c.to popularize new technology.d.to make them more famous.4.where will the first version of new “smart bin” be used according to bin.es official?a.at home.b.in the supermarket.c.in the open air.d.in the office.b(2018廣西南寧八中摸底)every day，people come into contact with thousands of chemicals.these chemicals are said to be harmless to human health.in fact，the chemicals are considered so safe that we wash with them.we put them on our bodies and even our faces.other chemical products are used throughout our homes.by the time you walk out of your front door，you have already been exposed to thousands of chemicals.on its own，each chemical seems harmless.but in combination with other chemicals，they may become deadly.that is the finding of a twoyear study by a highprofile(高調的) task force of scientists.the task force was told to investigate the cancercausing possibility of chemical mixtures.linda gulliver was one of the 174 scientists on the task force.their job was to study the cancercausing potential of 85 chemicals.all 85 are said to be common in the environment.ms gulliver explains that chemicals have the potential or ability to form dangerous mixtures.even simple minerals can become dangerous when mixed with chemicals found in plastics or beauty products.working in groups，the scientists explored how different chemical mixtures could lead to cancer.ms gullivers team looked at the ability of different combinations to support the increase of malignant(惡性的) human cells.she says the current way to identify whether chemicals cause cancer is to test them one at a time.this method leads，she adds，to a long list of supposedly “safe” chemicals.she and her team say that approach needs to change.“we definitely need certain research.to find out what mixtures of chemicals would be more harmful than others; what groups of chemicals，when together，would produce more harmful effects.and at the moment，that is not known.”an estimated one in five cancers has been linked to chemical exposure.it may turn out that the cancercausing villain(惡人) is not a single chemical at all.5.what effect may one single chemical have on us according to the text?a.it may destroy our body.b.it may not cause danger to us.c.it may let us suffer from cancer.d.it may let our body make a change.6.what can we learn about ms gullivers research?a.she has found 85 cancercausing chemicals.b.she has found reasons for five kinds of cancers.c.she has found that only one chemical can cause cancer.d.she is not sure what mixtures of chemicals are more harmful.7.according to the text，we can infer that the study .a.is just wasting time and money b.is still in need of great effortsc.will cause panic in public d.will be resisted by the public8.what is the best title for the text?a.mixtures of safe chemicals may cause cancerb.being exposed to one chemicals is dangerousc.how mixtures of safe chemicals come into being?d.what is the real cause for cancer?.七選五(2018吉林長春期中)many times we tend to use our hands to explain our needs and thoughts. 9 so you must be cautious when using hand gestures in communication.hand gestures are a way of communicating with others and conveying your feelings.these gestures are most helpful when one is speaking to someone with no language in common.the meanings of hand gestures in different cultures may translate into different things. 10 former president george w.bush had to face a major faux pas(失禮) during a visit to australia.he tried to signal a peace sign by waving the twofinger or vsign at the crowd.you may think of this as a simple gesture，but he committed a major error. 11 the meaning of this hand gesture in australia was asking the crowd to screw themselves，a rude expression used to show youre very angry！ 12 therefore，it is very important to understand the meanings of gestures before you travel to different countries. 13 those considered as good gestures in one country may be termed as offensive gestures in some countries.so，if you are a frequent flier to different countries，improve your communication skills by learning the meaning of hand gestures.a.here is a very common example.b.instead of his palm facing outwards，it faced inwards.c.the great man received warm welcome by the australians.d.we communicate not only by words，but by hand gestures as well.e.a serious error committed by the then most powerful man in the world.f.but the same hand gesture may mean something quite offensive to a person from a different cultural background.g.before you communicate with people in different cultures，you need to understand the meaning of gestures.語法填空(2018安徽合肥聯(lián)考)i was traveling in a small place in new york.that place had no taxi for a short 14. (distant).one had to take a rickshaw(人力車).i called out for an old man in the waiting line.before i got on the rickshaw，i 15. (automatic) asked how much he would charge to take me across to the mall.i 16. (tell) “10 dollars”.then i started bargaining.he just gave a hard smile and said，“whatever you feel like，please give me.it is not necessary 17. (bargain) on this small amount.”i was a bit ashamed at myself and kept quiet while he continued，“18. (like) those taxis，my vehicle does not run on petrol or diesel(柴油) or even gas；19. runs on my sweat.so please give it to me 20. a smile，for the money has to feed so many 21. (hunger) mouths at home.”when we reached the mall，i gave him the money and the smile 22. requested and added a gentle pat on his back.he smiled back as if to give me a receipt and i would preserve his smile for 23. long time.答案精析.1.a細節(jié)理解題。由第一段可知有了這個智能垃圾箱，人們就不用花幾個小時分類垃圾了，因為這個垃圾箱是自動分類垃圾的。故選a。2.c代詞指代題。第三段講的是該垃圾箱的工作原理。而畫線詞所在句的意思是智能垃圾箱壓縮垃圾，使其占用更少的空間，可知it指代the smart bin，故選c。3.b細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段中的“weve recently seen a jump in specialist bins sales，with a 25 percent increase in the last few months alone.we have noticed our customers are becoming more and more focused on sustainability.in response to this demand.”可知客戶越來越關注可持續(xù)性，為了應對這一需求，會引入更多智能垃圾桶，故選b。4.d細節(jié)理解題。根據第五段中的“however，at first only a larger version designed for offices will be available.”可知最初是在辦公室使用，故選d。語篇解讀單一的化學物品可能對我們是無害的，但是如果與其他的化學物品混合在一起就可能導致癌癥。5.b細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段第一句“on its own，each chemical seems harmless.”可知單一的化學物品可能是對我們無害的，故選b。6.d細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數(shù)第二段內容可知她也不清楚哪些化學物品混合在一起會更有害，故選d。7.b推理判斷題。根據倒數(shù)第二段科學家所說的“and at the moment，that is not known.”以及最后一段內容可知，這個研究還需付出很大的努力，故選b。8.a標題歸納題。本文主要講了單一的化學物品可能對我們是無害的，但是如果與其他的化學物品混合在一起就可能導致癌癥，故最佳標題是“安全化學物品的混合可能會導致癌癥”。.9.f根據上句：很多時候我們傾向于用我們的手來解釋我們的需求和想法。再根據下句：所以你在交流中使用手勢時必須要謹慎。由此可知：同樣的手勢在不同的文化背景中可能意思不同。故選f。10.a根據上句：在不同的文化中手勢可能轉化為不同的含義?？崭裣挛呐e了一個例子，說明此空起承上啟下的作用。故a項“here is a very common example.”符合題意。11.b根據下句：這種手勢在澳大利亞的含義是罵別人，一個粗魯?shù)谋磉_方式表明你很生氣！由此可知上句應該是一個手勢語，所以b項“instead of his palm facing outwards，it faced inwards.”符合題意。12.e根據上文可知，布什在澳大利亞犯了一個嚴重的手勢錯誤。再根據下文可知，去其他國家旅行以前，明白手勢語的意思非常重要。因此此空的意思是：當時世界上最有影響力的男人犯下的一個嚴重錯誤。故選e。13.g根據下句可知，在一個國家被認為是好的手勢而在一些國家可能是冒犯性的手勢。因此在你與不同文化背景的人交流以前，你需要了解手勢語的含義。故選g。.14.distance15.automatically16.was told17.to bargain18.unlike19.it20.with21.hungry22.as23.a答案精析.語篇解讀本文介紹了一種能夠大大減少產婦產后出血死亡的藥品tranexamic acid，這種藥經過實驗效果很好，但廣泛使用還需要一些努力。1.d細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段中的“a drug used to treat severe bleeding could save thousands of lives for mothers giving birth.”和“the drug is called tranexamic acid (氨甲環(huán)酸).”可知tranexamic acid是治療產后出血的一種有效藥品，故選d。2.d細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段首句“the next step will be.and provide training for doctors and nurses on how to use it.”可知下一步需要做的是讓醫(yī)療工作者熟知這種藥的使用方法，故選d。3.c推理判斷題。根據最后一段內容，尤其是最后一句“but researchers are looking for easier ways to administer the drug so it can be more widely used in small clinics and rural areas.”可知這種藥品的廣泛使用過程還很長，還有許多工作要做。故選c。4.c標題歸納題。本文主要在介紹一種能夠大大減少產婦產后出血死亡的藥品氨甲環(huán)酸，這種藥經過實驗效果很好。c項能概括全文內容，適合作為標題。語篇解讀珠穆朗瑪峰的登山者在