六年級英語名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~的方法.doc

名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~的方法 1. 在名詞后面加-y可以變成形容詞(尤其是一些與天氣有關的名詞)。例如：rainrainy, cloudcloudy, windwindy, snowsnowy, healthhealthy, lucklucky等。 注意：1)如果名詞以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且詞尾只有一個輔音字母，這時應雙寫詞尾的輔音字母再加-y。如：sunsunny, funfunny等。 2)少數(shù)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~時，應去掉e再加-y。例如：noisenoisy, iceicy 等。 2. 一些抽象名詞在詞尾加-ful可以變?yōu)樾稳菰~。例如：carecareful, thankthankful, helphelpful, useuseful, beautybeautiful等。 3. 一些表示國家的名詞可以在詞尾加-ese, -ish或-n構(gòu)成表示國籍、語言的形容詞。例如：ChinaChinese, JapanJapanese, EnglandEnglish, AmericaAmerican, IndiaIndian, Australia Australian(注意CanadaCanadian)。 4.在名詞后加-ous變?yōu)樾稳菰~。例如：dangerdangerous等。 5. 在名詞后加-ly變?yōu)樾稳菰~。例如：friendfriendly, lovelovely等。 6.在名詞后加-less構(gòu)成含有否定意義的形容詞。例如：carecareless(粗心的)，useuseless(無用的)，hopehopeless(沒希望的)，homehomeless(無家可歸的)等。 7. 一些以-ence結(jié)尾的名詞，把ence改為ent變成形容詞。例如：differencedifferent, silencesilent等。 二、動詞變?yōu)槊~的方法 1.詞形不變，詞性改變。例如：work, study, water, plant等可以用作動詞，也可以用作名詞。 2. 一些動詞在詞尾加上-er或-or之后就變成了表示“某一類人”的名詞。例如：workworker, teachteacher, singsinger, jumpjumper, playplayer, learnlearner, visitvisitor, inventinventor等。 注意：1)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，在詞尾加-r。例如：drivedriver, writewriter等。 2)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，應雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-er。例如：runrunner, winwinner， beginbeginner等。 3. 在動詞詞尾加-ing變成名詞(方法與動詞變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞的方法相同)。例如： meetmeeting, buildbuilding, waitwaiting, washwashing, swimswimming, shopshopping, beginbeginning等。 三、形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~的方法 一般在形容詞的詞尾加-ly可以變成副詞。例如：quickquickly, slowslowly, loudloudly, suddensuddenly 等。但是，以下幾點值得注意： 1. 一些以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的形容詞，要把y改為i再加-ly。例如：happyhappily, angryangrily, luckyluckily, heavyheavily, noisynoisily 等。 2. 有些以-ble或-le結(jié)尾的形容詞，去掉e加-y。例如：possiblepossibly, terribleterribly等。 3. 少數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞，要去掉e再加-ly。例如：truetruly等。但絕大多數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞仍然直接加-ly。例如：politepolitely, widewidely等。 4. 以-l結(jié)尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~時仍然要在詞尾加-ly，而不是只加-y。除非是以-ll結(jié)尾的才在詞尾只加-y。例如：usualusually, carefulcarefully, usefulusefully, fullfully等。動詞變名詞小結(jié)1.在詞尾加er,r ,雙寫加er 或or:A. play _ player, sing _ singer, wait _ waiter , find _ finder,thrill _ thrillerB. write _ writer, drive _ driver, come _ comer, explore _ explorerdance _ dancerC. run _ runner, win _ winner, rob _ robber, traval _ travallerD. visit _ visitor, invent _ inventor2. 在詞尾加ing:build _ building, draw _ drawing, end _ ending, begin _ beginning,swim _ swimming， skate _ skating, feel _ feeling, say _ saying,mean _ meaning, cross _ crossing， surf _ surfing, paint _ painting3.在詞尾加ion 或去e加ion:A. decide _ decision, describe _ description, produce _ production,celebrate _ celebration,pronounce _ pronunciation, decorate _ decorationgraduate _ graduation,frustrate - frustration,pollute _ pollutioncontribute _ contribution, congratulate _ congratulation,educate _ education，organize _ orgnization,donate _ donation,appreciate _ appreciation，operate _ operation, invite _ invitationB. discuss _ discussion, invent _ invention, attract _ attractionimpress _ impression,inject _ injection,instruct _ instruction4.其它：know _ knowledge, please _ pleasure, enjoy _ enjoyment,practise _ practice， die _ death, succeed _ success, weigh _ weight,sit _ deat, change _ chance，enter _ entrance,fly _ flight,rob _ robbery, discover _ discovery，faile _ failure,appear _ appearance,breathe _ breath 動詞變形容詞小結(jié)1.詞尾加ful:use - useful, care - careful, help - helpful,thank - thankfulpeace - peaceful, forget - forgetful, play - playful,succeed - successful, wonder - wonderful2.詞尾加d或ed:please - pleased, unite - united, excite - excited,surprise - surprised, organize - organized, close - closed,wound - wounded, relax - relaxed,develop - developed,appreciate - appreciated,frustrate - frustrated,interest - interested, annoy - annoyed, use - used,frighten - frightened, crowd - crowded, thrill - thrilled,pollute - polluted3.詞尾加ing:interest - interesting, surprise - surprising, excite - excitingdevelop - developing, frighten - frightening,thrill - thyrillingfrustrate - frustrating, relax _ relaxing, live - livingrock - rocking, sleep - sleeping4.詞尾變y為i,加ed:worry - worried, marry - married,fry - fried, terrify - terrifiedsatisfy - satisfied5.詞尾加able:know - knowledgeable, enjoy - enjoyabe,suit - suitableadjust - adjustable, comfort - comfortable6.其它：lose - lost, fool - foolish, live - lively / alive /living,sleep - sleepy / sleeping / asleep,wake - awake, taste - tastyspeak - spoken, break - broken, die - dead, educate - aducational,world - worldwide To 后跟動名詞，不跟動詞原形的情況。用法歸納 由于to既可用作介詞，也可用作不定式符號，所以許多人在其后接動詞時，弄不清到底該用動詞原形，還是用動名詞。介詞to后接動名詞的?？冀Y(jié)構(gòu)27個，并根據(jù)其結(jié)構(gòu)特點，分為以下四類： 一、動詞+介詞to+動名詞1. admit to doing sth 承認做了某事 2. apply to doing sth 適用于做某事3. object to doing sth 反對做某事4. see to doing sth 負責做某事 5. stick to doing sth 堅持做某事6. take to doing sth 喜歡上做某事，逐漸習慣做某事應用實例：He admitted having stolen the money. 他承認偷了錢。These methods apply to learning English. 這些方法適用于英語學習。He objected to being treated like a child. 他反對被當作小孩子看待。Reporters should stick to investigating the facts. 記者應堅持調(diào)查事實。Soon he took to sleeping late. 不久他就養(yǎng)成了睡懶覺的習慣。 二、動詞+賓語+介詞to+動名詞專心致力于做某事把獻給做某事9. devote oneself to doing sth 獻身于做某事10. limit sth to doing sth 把限制在做某事的范圍內(nèi) 11. reduce sb to doing sth 使某人淪為做某事12. give ones life to doing sth 獻身于做某事13. give ones mind to doing sth 專心做某事14. have a dislike to doing sth 厭惡做某事15. have an eye to doing sth 注意做某事15. have an eye to doing sth 16. have an objection to doing sth 反對(反感)做某事17. pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事 18. set ones mind to doing sth 決心做某事應用實例：She applied herself to learning English. 她專心學習英語。Hunger reduced them to stealing. 饑餓使他們淪落為盜賊。She devoted herself to helping the poor. 她致力于幫助窮人。I have a strong dislike to playing cards for money. 我極討厭打牌賭博。He has a strong objection to getting up so early.他很反感這么早就起床。 你應該更注意團結(jié)那些自己意見不同的人一道工作。 三、be+形容詞(含過去分詞)+介詞to+動名詞19. be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能勝任做某事 20. be used to doing