譯林版高中英語選修7學(xué)案：詞匯詳解 Unit3　.doc

互動課堂疏導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)一、詞匯詳解1.analysis n. 分析；分析結(jié)果【典型例句】the book is an analysis of poverty and its cause.這本書分析了貧困極其原因。the blood sample are sent to the laboratory for analysis.血樣要送往實驗室進行分析。【相關(guān)鏈接】in the final/last analysis歸根結(jié)底；總之in the final analysis i think our sympathy lies with the heroine of the play.總之，我認(rèn)為我們都同情女主人公。analyse v. 分析by analysing the parts of the sentence we learn more about english grammar.通過分析句子成分就能多了解一些英語語法。we need to analyse what went wrong.我們需要分析是什么出了差錯。2.value n. 價值vt. 給估價；給評價；重視【典型例句】these data will be of great value to us in our research work.這些資料對我們的研究工作有很大的幫助。ive offered 500 for my old car but its value is much higher.我這舊車有人出價500英鎊，但是它的價值遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于此數(shù)。smoking has little value except in helping to calm the nerves.抽煙除了消除緊張之外幾乎沒有什么好處。will the value of houses and land continue to increase?房地產(chǎn)的價值會節(jié)節(jié)上升嗎?【相關(guān)鏈接】valuable adj. 有價值的valueless adj. 沒有價值的priceless adj. 無價的worthless adj. 不值的to be good/excellent (bad/poor)很(不)劃算be of value=valuable.values n. 價值觀。3.forecast v.&n. 預(yù)報；預(yù)測【典型例句】the report forecasts that prices will rise by 3% next month.報告預(yù)測下月物價將上漲3%。snow is forecast for tomorrow.預(yù)報明天有雪。according to the weather forecast, it will be sunny tomorrow.天氣預(yù)報說明天天晴。weather forecasts are usually inaccurate.天氣預(yù)報常常是不準(zhǔn)確的?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】a weather forecaster 天氣預(yù)報員an economic forecaster 經(jīng)濟預(yù)測專家sales forecasts 銷售預(yù)測forecast a fall in unemployment預(yù)測失業(yè)人數(shù)下降forecasts of higher profits利潤將增加的預(yù)測4.acquire vt. 獲得；取得；開始具有【典型例句】the company has acquired a new office building in central london.這家公司在倫敦市中心買了一幢新辦公樓。he acquired a knowledge of english by careful study.他通過認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)掌握了英語。he has acquired a reputation for dishonesty.他得到了一個奸詐的名聲。i have recently acquired a taste for olives.我最近開始喜歡吃橄欖了?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】acquisition n. 獲得；得到he devotes his time to the acquisition of knowledge.他把時間都花在求知上。5.sort n. 種類；類別vt. 將分類；整理【典型例句】what sort of meat do you like best?你最喜歡吃什么肉?he is the sort of person i really dislike.他這種人我真是不喜歡。we must sort out the good apples from the bad ones.咱們得把好蘋果揀出來，同壞的分開。【相關(guān)鏈接】out of sorts 身體不適shes been out of sorts since the birth of her baby.她生了孩子以后身體一直不好。sort of=kind of 有點；幾分sort out 整理6.frequent adj. 經(jīng)?！镜湫屠洹縣e makes frequent journeys to britain.他經(jīng)常到英國旅行。her calls became less frequent.她打電話的次數(shù)減少了。there is a frequent bus service into the centre of town.公共汽車有很多班次開往市中心區(qū)?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】frequently adv. 頻繁地；經(jīng)常we must speak english frequently in order to improve our spoken english.為提高英語口考，我們必須經(jīng)常說英語。7.tie n. 領(lǐng)帶；紐帶；聯(lián)系；束縛v. 系；捆【典型例句】he was still a young man and he did not want any ties.他還年輕，不想有任何束縛。she tied the newspapers in a bundle.她把報紙扎成一捆。he had to tie his hands together.他不得不把他的雙手綁在一起?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】(1)tie in with sth.和相符；相配the evidence ties in closely with what we have already known.這一證據(jù)和我們已掌握的情況完全相符。(2)tie.to. 把拴在he tied his horse to the stick.他把馬拴在木樁上。(3)tie up 捆起；拴住8.common adj. 常見的；普通的；一般的【典型例句】rabbits and foxes are common in britain.兔子與狐貍在英國十分常見。how will these changes affect the common sense?這些變化會怎樣影響一般人呢?this useful feature is common to both the two computers.這兩種電腦都有這種實用的特點?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】common, usual, regular與ordinarycommon 普通的；常見的；共同的；共有的。usual 通常的；習(xí)慣的；經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事，如自然發(fā)生的事、根據(jù)社會或個人習(xí)慣所做的事情。regular 通常的；常例的；強調(diào)遵循事物既定的或自然規(guī)律。ordinary 普通的；平凡的；強調(diào)普通；尋常以及缺乏優(yōu)越的性質(zhì)。9.appearance n. 外表；外貌；出現(xiàn)；露面【典型例句】the sudden appearance of a security guard caused them to drop the money and run.保安人員突然出現(xiàn)，他們丟下錢就跑了。the dutch player will make his first appearance this saturday.這位荷蘭球員將在本周六首次亮相。she had never been greatly concerned about her appearance.她從來不怎么注重外表?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】in appearance 看起來；外貌上make ones appearance 登臺；露面to all appearance 看起來完全像是appear v. 出現(xiàn)；出演；露面the problem first appeared in 1980s.這個問題最初出現(xiàn)是在20世紀(jì)80年代。by ten oclock he had appeared.到10點鐘他還沒有露面。10.popularity n. 人氣；受歡迎程度【典型例句】his new album has won great popularity.他的新專輯很受歡迎。the rises in oil price have cause the increasing popularity of cycling.油價的上漲引起了自行車運動的流行。【相關(guān)鏈接】popular adj. 受歡迎的；大眾化的he is a hugely popular singer.keep some in hand till more come.更多的到手以前，要保持手里的一點。他是一個十分受歡迎的歌手。this is one of our most popular designs.這是我們最受歡迎的設(shè)計之一。popularize v. 宣揚；宣傳；推廣。populous adj. 人口稠密的。11.remain vi. 保持；仍然是；剩下；余留；仍待；尚需【典型例句】she remained at home to look after the baby.她留在家中照顧寶寶。this place remains cool all summer.這個地方整個夏天都涼爽。train fares are likely to remain unchanged.火車票價很可能會保持不變。in spite of their quarrel, they remain the best of friends.盡管有過爭吵，他們?nèi)允亲詈玫呐笥选he left, but i remained behind.她走了，而我留了下來?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】(1)remainder n. 剩下的人；事物或時間；剩余部分ten people came but the remainder stayed away.來了十個人，其余的沒來。(2)remaining adj. 剩余的。the remaining food belongs to you.剩下的食物歸你。(3)remains n. 剩余物；殘骸his remains are buried in the churchyard.他的遺體埋葬在教堂的墓地里。12.advantage n. 有利條件；有利因素；優(yōu)勢【典型例句】being tall gave him an advantage over the other players.他個子高，比其他運動員有利。is there any advantage in getting there early?早到那里是否有利?each of these systems have its advantages and disadvantages.這些系統(tǒng)各有其優(yōu)缺點。a small car has the added advantage of being cheaper to run.小型轎車還有一個優(yōu)點是運行成本較低。【相關(guān)鏈接】(1)to ones advantage 對有利it would be to your advantage to attend the meeting.參加這次會議對你有利。(2)take advantage of 利用she took advantage of the childrens absence to tidy their rooms.她趁孩子們不在時收拾了他們的房間。(3)be at an advantage 處于優(yōu)勢地位(4)have the advantage of 利用(5)advantageous adj. 有利的；有好處的(6)advantaged adj. 處于優(yōu)勢的。13.judge vt. 判斷；鑒別；審理；裁判；裁決n. 法官；裁判員；審判員【典型例句】who is going to judge the case?誰將要審理這個案件。she was asked to judge the essay competition.她被邀請擔(dān)任散文比賽的評委。i judged him to be about 50.我估計他年齡在50左右。the judges decision is final.裁判的決定為最終決定。the judge sentenced him to five years in prison.法官判他五年監(jiān)禁?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】(1)judging from 根據(jù)判斷judging from his words, he has known the truth.從他的話判斷，他已經(jīng)知道真相了。(2)as far as can be judged/as far as one can judge據(jù)判斷；據(jù)認(rèn)為as fas as i can judge, all of them are to blame.依我看，他們都應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任。(3)judge a case 審理案件judgement n. 判斷力；識別辦法14.occur vi. 發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；被想到；出現(xiàn)在頭腦中【典型例句】a number of changes occurred in these years.近年來，發(fā)生了很大的變化。it didnt occur to me that you would object.我沒想到你會反對。something unexpected occurred.發(fā)生了一件出乎意料的事。sugar occurs naturally in fruit.水果天然含糖分。it didnt occur to him that his wife got that book.他沒有想到自己的妻子買了那本書?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】occurrence n. 發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生的事情。its really an unfortunate occurrence.這真是不幸的事情。15.private adj. 私人的；個人的【典型例句】the car is his private property.那部車是他的私人財產(chǎn)。these are my fathers private papers.這些都是我父親的私人文件。the hotel has 110 bedrooms, all with private bath-rooms.這家旅館有110間客房，各有獨立衛(wèi)生間。【相關(guān)鏈接】(1)privately adv. 單獨地；私下地can we speak privately?我們能單獨談?wù)剢?(2)in private 私下地；沒有外人在場is there somewhere we can discuss this in private?有沒有什么地方能讓我們單獨談?wù)?16.gain vt. 獲得；得到；贏得【典型例句】we gained much profit.我們獲益匪淺。her unusual talent gained her worldwide recognition.她非凡的才能舉世公認(rèn)。i gained the impression that the matter had been settled.我的印象是事情已經(jīng)解決了。the plane rapidly gained height.飛機急速升高。【相關(guān)鏈接】(1)gain, obtain與win辨析gain主要指通過斗爭、競爭和勞動達(dá)到的優(yōu)勢、經(jīng)驗，相當(dāng)于get和obtain。win一般指在競爭中獲勝，賓語多為比賽、競爭。(2)a fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.吃一塹，長一智。17.handle vt. 得理；對付n. 把手；拉手【典型例句】he is hard to handle.他很難對付。a new man was sent to handle the crisis.新派了一個人來處理這次危機。we can handle up to 500 calls an hour at our new offices.我們的新辦公室每小時可處理500次電話。we all have to learn to handle stress.我們都必須學(xué)會調(diào)節(jié)壓力。this matter has been handled very badly.這件事處理地很糟糕?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】have a handle on sth. 理解；明白18.present vt. 提出；呈送；贈送；授予adj. 出席的；到場的；現(xiàn)在的n. 禮物；現(xiàn)在；目前【典型例句】the students presented the teacher with a bunch of flowers.學(xué)生們送給那位老師一束花。we learn from the past, experience the present, and hope for success in the future.我們從過去中學(xué)習(xí)，體驗現(xiàn)在和展望未來成功。many foreigners were present at the meeting.很多外國人出席了會議。the english spoken in the past was different from the present day english.過去講的英語和今天的英語有所不同。they exchanged presents at the farewell party.他們在告別晚會上交換禮物?！局R小結(jié)】present用作形容詞作定語時，如果表示“現(xiàn)在；當(dāng)前”的意思時，往往用作前置定語，當(dāng)表示“出席；到場”的意思時，用作后置定語，如：the present international situation當(dāng)前國際形式the people present at the meeting出席會議的人們【相關(guān)鏈接】at present 現(xiàn)在for the present 暫時present oneself 出席present sb. with sth. 贈給某人某物presently 立刻；馬上presenter n. 節(jié)目主持人presentation n. 表演；演出19.evident adj. 明顯的；顯然的【典型例句】its evident that you have been drinking.很顯然你喝酒了。the growing interest in history is evident in the number of people visiting museums and country houses.從參觀博物館和鄉(xiāng)村住宅的人數(shù)明顯看出人們對歷史越來越感興趣?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】(1)evidence n. 證據(jù)can you show me any evidence for your statement?你能不能給我你供詞的證據(jù)?(2)evidently adv. 明顯的she walked slowly down the road, evidently in pain.她沿路慢慢走著顯然很痛苦。20.accustomed adj. 習(xí)慣于；適應(yīng)了的【典型例句】i soon got accustomed to his strange ways.我不久就習(xí)慣了他那些奇怪的想法。he quickly became accustomed to the local food.他很快就習(xí)慣了當(dāng)?shù)氐氖澄?。this is not the kind of treatment i am accustomed to.這不是我慣常受到的那種待遇。my eyes slowly grew accustomed to the gloom.我的眼睛慢慢適應(yīng)了黑暗?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】(1)be accustomed to 有時可以與be used to互換(2)accustom vt. 使習(xí)慣于accustom oneself to 使自己習(xí)慣于when he became a soldier, he had to accustom himself to long marches.他當(dāng)兵的時候，他不得不使自己習(xí)慣于長途行軍。21.appreciation n. 欣賞；贊賞【典型例句】please accept this gift in appreciation of all you have done for me.感謝你的幫助，請收下這份禮物。the crowd murmured in appreciation.人群低聲贊嘆著。【相關(guān)鏈接】(1)appreciate v. 感激；贊賞his talents are not fully appreciated in that company.他的才干在那家公司未受到充分賞識。(2)appreciate與thankappreciate后往往接某事；thank后往往接人。22.reasonable adj. 有道理的；合理的【典型例句】he is reasonable in his demands.他提出的要求是合理的。the hotel charged me a very reasonable price for a room.這家旅館向我收取一個房間的合理費用。dont be afraid to talk to the teacher because she is very reasonable.不要害怕跟老師說話，她很通情達(dá)理?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】reason n. 理由；原因v. 推論；推理；評理；勸說give me your reasons for going.告訴我你去的動機。he reasoned that if we started at dawn, we would be there by noon.他推斷，我們要是黎明出發(fā)，中午就能到。there is a great deal of reason in what you say.你的話很有道理。23.predict v. 預(yù)言；預(yù)料；預(yù)計【典型例句】the trial is predicted to last for months.預(yù)料審訊將持續(xù)數(shù)目之久。the doctor predicted that the patient would be walking again in a week.醫(yī)生預(yù)計這位病人一周后就能行走如常?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】(1)predictable adj. 可預(yù)見的；可預(yù)料的the disease follows a highly predictable pattern.這種疾病幾乎皆按預(yù)料模式發(fā)展。(2)prediction n. 預(yù)言；預(yù)告skilled readers make use of context and prediction.閱讀能力強的人會利用上下文及推測來理解文意。24.brief adj. 簡要的；簡潔的；簡短的【典型例句】we had a brief discussion about the problem.關(guān)于這個問題我們進行了簡短的討論。mozarts life was brief.莫扎特的一生是短暫的?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】(1)briefly adv. 簡要地；簡潔地he paused briefly before continuing.他停了片刻又繼續(xù)行進。(2)in brief 總之in brief, your work is bad.總之，你做得不好。25.guide n. 說明；指南；導(dǎo)游；向?qū). 引導(dǎo)；指導(dǎo)【典型例句】lett have a look at the tv guide and see whats on.咱們看看電視節(jié)目單上有什么節(jié)目。we hired a local guide to get us across the mountains.我們雇了一名當(dāng)?shù)厝俗飨驅(qū)ьI(lǐng)我們穿過山脈。i let my feeling be my guide.我是跟著感覺走?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】(1)guidance n. 指導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)activities all take place under the guidance of an experienced teacher.所有活動都在有經(jīng)驗的導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)下進行。(2) travel guides 旅游手冊(3)guide dog 導(dǎo)盲犬(4)guiding adj. 有影響力的26.classify vt. 分為；分類【典型例句】the books are classified according to the subjects.這些書按主題分類。patients are classified into three categories.病人被歸為三種類型?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】classification n. 分類the classification of bony fish is extremely complicated.多刺魚的種類極為復(fù)雜。27.content n. 常用作（contents)內(nèi)容；目錄；成分所容納東西（contents）adj. 滿意的；滿足的【典型例句】is there a contents in the book?這本書有目錄嗎？eggs have a very high food content.雞蛋營養(yǎng)豐富。he doesnt want more moneyhes content with what he has.他不想要更多的錢，他滿足于現(xiàn)狀。fire has caused severe damage to the contents of the building.大火導(dǎo)致那棟大樓里的東西嚴(yán)重?fù)p害。she is content with very little.她很容易滿足?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】content與contented都可用作形容詞，表示滿足的，滿意的，但content不作前置定語，contented可用作前置定語。28.consideration n. 考慮；要考慮的事；體貼；關(guān)心【典型例句】we should give the matter careful consideration.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)對這問題加以慎重考慮。he showed consideration for her wishes.他對她的愿望表示體諒。low price and good conditions are two considerations in buying a used car.價格低廉、車況良好是買舊車時應(yīng)考慮的兩個因素?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】considerable adj. 相當(dāng)?shù)膁amage to the building was considerable.對這棟建筑物的損壞相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重。the project wasted a considerable amount of time and money.那項工程耗費了相當(dāng)多的時間和資金。(2)considerate adj. 考慮周到的；體貼的。she is always polite and considerate towards her employees她對待雇員總是客客氣氣，關(guān)心體諒。(3)considering prep. 考慮到considering hes only just started, he knows quite a lot about it.鑒于他剛剛開始，他懂得已經(jīng)不少了。29.patient adj. 有耐心的