譯林版高中英語(yǔ)選修8學(xué)案：語(yǔ)法詳解 Unit1　.doc

四、語(yǔ)法詳解否定陳述否定陳述即含有否定詞的陳述句。否定陳述可經(jīng)常被用來(lái)糾正一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的觀念。例：money does not buy happiness.金錢(qián)買(mǎi)不來(lái)幸福。在這個(gè)句子中，金錢(qián)買(mǎi)來(lái)幸福的錯(cuò)誤觀念得到了改正。否定陳述的構(gòu)成形式1.助動(dòng)詞+not構(gòu)成例：they might not have been written last year.他們不可能是去年寫(xiě)的。i dont think so.我不這樣認(rèn)為。he does not have lunch at home.他不在家里吃午飯。2.用具有否定意義的詞表達(dá)常用的否定意義的詞有no（不；沒(méi)有）none(無(wú)人；沒(méi)有任何東西)nobody(沒(méi)人；誰(shuí)也不)，nothing（沒(méi)有東西；什么也沒(méi)有）,nowhere(哪兒也不),nohow（絕不；毫不）,nowise(一點(diǎn)兒也不),neither（兩者皆不），never（永不；從不），dislike（不喜歡）,disagree（不同意），useless（沒(méi)有用）,unimportant（不重要），及短語(yǔ)out of,far from,tooto等：no one is in the classroom.教室里沒(méi)人。i like neither.兩個(gè)我都不喜歡。he never tells a lie.他從不撒謊。the book is useless.這本書(shū)沒(méi)有用。she dislikes him.她不喜歡他。the machine is out of work.這臺(tái)機(jī)器不能工作了。he is too young to go to school.她太小，還不能上學(xué)。注意：有時(shí)not與帶有否定前綴的形容詞連用，可表示一種肯定意義。例：its not uncommon to find her reading the newspaper.發(fā)現(xiàn)她在讀報(bào)紙是常見(jiàn)的事。3.有些總括性代詞、形容詞或副詞等和not連用時(shí)，表示半否定（也稱部分否定）；這類總括詞有all（一切；全體），both（二者；兩）,each或every（每個(gè)；人人），everyone(每個(gè)人；人人),everything(每件事；每件東西),everywhere（每個(gè)地方；各地）,always(總是),altogether（全體）,wholly（全部）等：both are not correct.(或not both are correct.)并非兩個(gè)都對(duì)。（只有一個(gè)對(duì)。）比較：neither is correct.兩個(gè)都不對(duì)。such a thing cant be found everywhere.這種事并非到處可見(jiàn)。比較：such a thing can be found nowhere.(或cant be found anywhere.)這種事什么地方也見(jiàn)不到?？偫ㄐ詥卧~和帶有否定意義的前后綴的單詞連用，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用肯定式，意思為完全否定：both are useless.兩者都沒(méi)用。we all dislike him.我們都不喜歡他。4.有些具有半否定意義的詞表示否定。這類半否定詞有hardly（幾乎不）,seldom（很少）,little（幾乎沒(méi)有）,few（很少），nearly加否定詞（幾乎沒(méi)有），almost加否定詞（幾乎不）等：he is seldom late.他很少遲到。few people could do it.當(dāng)時(shí)很少有人能干這事。5.有時(shí)也可以用一些帶有否定意義的短語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)否定。常見(jiàn)的有：far from,unless,free from,would ratherthan等：unless you read the novel yourself,youll never know what happens at the end.除非你親自讀小說(shuō)，否則你不會(huì)知道結(jié)局怎樣。6.有時(shí)if/whether從句里面也可加not來(lái)表示附加否定。i wonder whether/if i shouldnt bring an umbrella.我想知道我是否該帶雨傘?；顚W(xué)巧用單項(xiàng)填空1.we couldnt eat in a restaurant because _of us had _money on us.a.all;nob.any;noc.none;anyd.no one;any提示：由句意：“我們身上都沒(méi)帶錢(qián)”，知句子應(yīng)用完全否定，排除a、b兩項(xiàng)。又no one不能與of連用，所以選c項(xiàng)。答案：c2.(經(jīng)典回放)both teams were in hard training;_was willing to lose the game.a.eitherb.neitherc.anotherd.the other提示：句意：“兩隊(duì)都在刻苦訓(xùn)練，誰(shuí)也不愿輸?shù)舯荣??！薄皟烧叨疾弧睉?yīng)用neither。答案：b3.can you come on monday or tuesday?im afraid _day is possible.a.eitherb.neitherc.somed.any提示：句意：“你星期一還是星期二來(lái)？恐怕哪天也不行?！备鶕?jù)im afraid，因?yàn)樵浣o出的選擇是兩者，所以“兩者都不”使用表否定的詞，用neither。答案：b4.i agree with most of what you said,but i dont agree with_.a.everythingb.anythingc.somethingd.nothing提示：句意：“我同意你說(shuō)的大部分，但我并非同意全部?！本湟鈶?yīng)用部分否定，如選b項(xiàng)則是完全否定。答案：a5.he seldom has lunch at school,_?a.hasnt heb.has hec.doesnt hed.does he提示：句意：“他很少在學(xué)校吃飯，是嗎？”seldom構(gòu)成的句子為否定句，反意問(wèn)句應(yīng)用肯定形式。答案：d6.（經(jīng)典回放）i wont let you in_you show me the written permission of the commander.a.apart fromb.unlessc.exceptd.but提示：句意：“除非你給我看你長(zhǎng)官的書(shū)面允許，否則我不能讓你進(jìn)去。”而a、c、d三項(xiàng)都是介詞。答案：b7.（經(jīng)典回放）sandy could do nothing but _to his teacher that he was wrong.a.admitb.admittedc.admittingd.to admit提示：句意：“她除了向老師承認(rèn)她錯(cuò)了，別無(wú)辦法?！眂ould do nothing but do“除之外不能做某事?！贝鸢福篴8.（經(jīng)典回放）i know no