高三英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài).doc

高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)1 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別（1） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀況，但和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，它不能同表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，英譯漢時(shí)可加“已經(jīng)”等詞。如：I have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer.(已經(jīng)看過(guò)，且了解這本書(shū)的內(nèi)容)（2） 一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)，它可和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，英譯漢時(shí)可加“過(guò)”，“了”等詞。簡(jiǎn)言之，僅談過(guò)去，不關(guān)現(xiàn)在。如： I read the novel last month.(只說(shuō)明上個(gè)月看了，不涉及現(xiàn)在是否記住)I lived in Beijing for ten years.(只說(shuō)明在北京住過(guò)十年，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān))2 表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的幾種形式比較（1） shall / will 與 be going toshall / will 強(qiáng)調(diào)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài); be going to 更加強(qiáng)調(diào)指向?qū)?lái)的當(dāng)前意圖和打算。如： Itll soon be Christmas. 很快就是圣誕節(jié)了。Im going to listen to rock-on-roll. 我打算聽(tīng)搖滾樂(lè)。shall / will 表示未經(jīng)預(yù)先思考，計(jì)劃的意圖，be going to 表示先經(jīng)過(guò)思考，計(jì)劃的將來(lái)。如：-The phone is ringing.-Ill answer it. ( 不可說(shuō) Im going to answer it.)shall / will 表示說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為，假定要發(fā)生的事，而be going to 表示有跡象表明馬上要發(fā)生的事。如：It looks as if it is going to rain soon.(2) be to do sth 表示將來(lái)表示按計(jì)劃，安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（常用于新聞，廣播，報(bào)道官方計(jì)劃或決定） The president is to visit China later this year.(3) be about to 表示將來(lái)表示眼看就要發(fā)生的事情，可用于有生命或無(wú)生命的主語(yǔ)，不跟表將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Dont get out. We are about to have dinner.(4) be doing 表將來(lái) go, come, start, move, leave, arrive 等詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 He is moving to the south.(5) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái) 時(shí)刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。 The meeting starts at five oclock.3 下面主動(dòng)形式常表示被動(dòng)意義。如： The window wants / needs / requires repairing. The door wont shut. / The play wont act. The dish tastes delicious./ Water feels very cold. The book is worth reading twice. The clothes wash well./ The book sells well.4 一些特殊句式中的時(shí)態(tài)（1）在含有“by the end of”或“by the time”的句式中，如果其表示的是過(guò)去時(shí)間，主句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；如果其表示的是將來(lái)時(shí)間，主句則常用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。如： 1 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing.A would be completedB was being completedC has been completedD had been completed 2 He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year.A will graduateB will have graduatedC graduatesD is to graduate(2) 在“祈使句+and / or +并列分句”的句型中，并列分句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如：Try some of this juice-perhaps you _ it.A likeB will likeC have likedD liked(3) 在“It / This / That +be +序數(shù)詞+time + that從句”的句型中，要注意主從句時(shí)態(tài)的一致。如果主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)則常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：I was lucky actually, because that _ the second time I _ China that year.A was; had visited B was; visited C is; have visitedD was; have visited(4) 在“It + be + 一段時(shí)間 + since 從句”的句型中，如果主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如果主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句則常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：-What was the party like?-Wonderful. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A afterB beforeC whenD since(5) 在“It + be +一段時(shí)間 + before 從句”的句型中，如果主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；如果主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句則常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：It will be six years before we _ again.A will meetB meetC metD have metIt _ not long before he told us about the affair.A will beB isC had beenD was(6) 在“It is (about / high ) time + that 從句”的句型中，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。如：It is high time we _A startB startedC will startD have started(7) 在“would rather + 從句”的句式中，從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。如：-Who would you rather _ there with you ?-Jenny.A goB goingC to goD went(8) 在“hardly / scarcelywhen 和 no soonerthan”的句式中，從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：Scarcely had he gone into the room when the phone _.A rangB had rungC would ringD ring強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練1-Thank goodness, youre here! What _ you? -Traffic jam.A keepsB is keepingC had keptD kept2 The house could fall down soon if no one _ some quick repair work.A has doneB is doingC doesD had done3 The crazy fans _ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.A were waitingB had been waitingC had waitedD would wait4 She _ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.A would changeB has changedC changedD was changing5 All the employees except the manager _ to work online at home.A encouragesB encourageC is encouragedD are encouraged6 -You were out when I dropped in at your house. -Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport.A was waitingB had waitedC am waitingD have waited7 He kept looking at her, wondering whether he _ her somewhere.A sawB has seenC seesD had seen8 -George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding? -No, I _. Did they have a big wedding?A was not invitedB have not been invited C hadnt been invitedD didnt invite9 The discussion _ alive when an interesting topic was brought in.A was comingB had comeC has comeD came10 Because the shop _, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.A has closed downB closed down C is closing downD had closed down11 More patients _ in hospital this year than last year.A treatedB have treatedC had been treated D have been treated12 Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.A beginB beganC have begunD had begun13 -The window is dirty. -I know. It _ for weeks.A hasnt cleanedB didnt clean C wasnt cleanedD hasnt been cleaned14 My mind wasnt on what he was saying so Im afraid I _ half of it.A was missingB had missedC will missD missed15 -Has Sam finished his homework today? -I have no idea. He _ it this morning.A didB has doneC was doingD had done16 I _ you not to move my dictionary -I cant find it.A askedB askC was askingD had asked17 According to the art dealer, the painting _ to go for at least a million dollars.A is expectedB expectsC expectedD is expecting18 The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _ increased enormously ever since.A isB wasC has beenD had been19 The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _ to eat more fruit and vegetables.A persuadeB will persuadeC be persuadedD are persuaded20 -What were you doing when Tony phoned you? -I had just finished my work and _ to take a shower.A had startedB startedC have startedD was starting21 How can you possibly miss the news? It _ on TV all day long.A has beenB had beenC wasD will be22 -Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. -Where was I? -You _ you didnt like your fathers job.A had saidB saidC were sayingD had been saying23 I arrived late; I _ the road to be so icy.A wouldnt expectB havent expect C hadnt expectedD wasnt expecting24 There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, _?A didnt theyB dont they C mustnt theyD havent they25 -Oh, dear. I forgot the air tickets. -You _ something.A have leftB are always leavingC are leavingD always left26 -I beg your pardon, but I didnt quite catch you. -Oh, I _ myself.A am talk