2016年仁愛英語九年級Unit_4_topic_3_重點(diǎn)知識點(diǎn).doc

Unit 4 Amazing ScienceTopic 3 China is the third nation that sent a person into space.1 重要句型：Section A1. Who is the first Chinese to travel into space?誰是中國太空旅行的第一人呢？ 結(jié)構(gòu)為：the + 序數(shù)詞 + （名詞）+ to do sth. 意為“做某事的第”練一練：You are the _ ask me that question. A. second B the second C. two to D. the second to 2. .He is our national hero who traveled around the earth in Shenzhou V for 21 hours in 2003. 2003年，他乘坐神州五號圍繞地球飛行了二十一個小時，他是我們的民族英雄。句中“who traveled around the earth in Shenzhou V for 21 hours in 2003”是一個由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞hero。who在從句中作主語，不能省略，此處也可用that。在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞，從句放在所修飾詞之后（即先行詞之后），由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞：that, which, who, whose,whom和關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why）引導(dǎo)。3. China is the third nation that sent a person into space. 中國成為第三個將人送入太空的國家。本句中“that sent a person into space”是定語從句，修飾先行詞nation 。此句中的that 不能換為which。當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾時，關(guān)系代詞只能用that，而不能用which。This is the best movie that I have seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。4. Its a spaceship which was launched as Chinas first lunar probe.它是作為中國第一個月球探測器而發(fā)射的宇宙飛船。本句中“which was launched as Chinas first lunar probe”是由關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句的謂語動詞要與先行詞保持一致。Do you know those boys who are playing basketball over there? 你知道在那里打籃球的男孩是誰嗎？5. All of you must be very proud. 你們一定都很自豪吧！A. must be “一定”表示推測;B. be proud of 為而驕； be the pride of 是的驕傲； We are proud of Yang Liwei. 我們?yōu)闂罾麄ザ械津湴痢?Yang Liwei is the pride of us. 楊利偉是我們的驕傲。6. We have launched another four spaceships in the past few years.在過去幾年我國又向太空發(fā)射了四艘宇宙飛船。(1) another four = four more 意為 “又有四個”之意。 There come anther three models. 又走來了三個模特。(2) in the past+時間段 表示“在過去的.時間里”，常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。 In the past two years, I have learnt more than one thousand English words. 在過去兩年，我學(xué)了一千多個單詞。7. It proves that China has made great progress in its space industry. 這證明中國在航空業(yè)已經(jīng)取得了巨大的進(jìn)步。（1） prove v.證明，常用結(jié)構(gòu)：prove +從句 / prove sth. to sb. Please give me a chance, and I will prove it to you. 給我一次機(jī)會，我會證明給你看。（2） make progress in (doing) sth.“在（做）某事方面取得進(jìn)步” Ive made great progress in learning English. 我在學(xué)習(xí)英語方面有了很大的進(jìn)步。Section B1. Could you please tell me some recent spaceship development.請您給我講一些近來宇宙飛船的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r嗎？. Could you please +動詞原形？用來表達(dá)委婉地提出請求. 其否定形式為：Could you please+not+動詞原形?練一練： Could you please _ in public? OK,I wont. A.litter B.not litter C.spit D.speak loudly2. Astronauts use computers to control the speed and direction of their spaceships, even the temperature. 宇航員用電腦控制宇宙飛船的速度和方向，甚至控制其內(nèi)的溫度。（1） speed n. 速度。 at a high speed 高速， at a speed of 5 meters a second 以每秒5米的速度（2） A. direction n. 方向，方位。 in every direction 向四面八方； B. direct adj. 直的，直徑的。the direct road 直通道路； a direct train 直達(dá)列車； C. directly adv. 直接地。 The drops of rain fall on the ground directly. 雨滴直接落在地上。3. Thanks for your introduction. 感謝你的介紹。（1） Thank sb. for sth. 謝謝某人某物； Thank sb. for doing sth. 謝謝某人做某事； Thank you for giving me so much advice. 謝謝你給我這么多建議。（2）introduction n. 介紹，其動詞形式：introduce 介紹，引進(jìn)。 introduce to sb. 把介紹給某人； He introduced Mr. Lee to me. 他向我介紹了李先生。 introduce sth. into 把引進(jìn)（into 后常跟地點(diǎn)作介賓） Tobacco was introduced into Europe from America. 煙草是由美洲傳入歐洲。4. I advise you to study hard to make computers serve us better. 我建議你去尋求新的方法，讓電腦更好地為我們服務(wù)。（1）advise sb. to do sth. 意為“勸告、建議某人做某事”，to do sth.為帶to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。其被動結(jié)構(gòu)為：be advised to do sth. 同類的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：tell sb. to do sth. 被動結(jié)構(gòu)為：be told sb. to do sth.allow sb. to do sth.被動結(jié)構(gòu)為：be allowed to do sth.warn sb. to do sth.被動結(jié)構(gòu)為：be warned sb. to do sth.（2）make sb. do sth. 意為“使某人做某事”，do sth.為不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。 其被動結(jié)構(gòu)為：be made sb to do sth.練一練：a). Mary was heard _ just now.What happened? John was telling a joke. A.cry B.to cry C.laugh D.to laughb). Why are you so late? The Party has been on for about half an hour. But we _ to come at 8:00 .Its exactly the time. A.will tell B.have told C.are told D.were toldThen he explained to Kangkang that the speed and direction of the spaceships as well as the temperature are controlled by computer. 然后他向康康解釋了宇宙飛船的速度和方向以及溫度都由電腦控制。（1） explain to sb. that. 向某人解釋；（2）explain sth. to sb. 向某人解釋某事；Dont sign anything until your lawyer has explained the contract to you. 在律師向你解釋清楚合同之前，不要簽署任何東西。5. Mr. Lee expected Kangkang to learn to use computers well expect sb. to do sth. 期待/期望某人做某事My mother expect me to be a doctor. 我媽期待我能成為一名醫(yī)生。Section C1. There is no doubt that computers are very useful in technology and business. 毋庸置疑，計(jì)算機(jī)在科技和商業(yè)領(lǐng)域非常有用。 There is no doubt that 毫無疑問，毋庸置疑；There is no doubt that we should protect the environment. 毫無疑問我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)環(huán)境。2. Tiny computers which are inside patients bodies can keep their hearts beating normally 病人體內(nèi)的微型電腦能使人的心臟正常跳動。（1） which are inside patients bodies 是由關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的定語從句。修飾先行詞tiny computers。（2） keep ones heart beating normally 使心臟正常跳動； their hearts作keep的賓語，beating 是現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。3. Instead of writing letters on paper, people communicate by sending e-mail and chatting on line 人們通過發(fā)郵件和網(wǎng)上聊天進(jìn)行交流，代替了用紙寫信。 （1）instead of 代替，而不是。 We should do something instead of just talking about it. 我們不能只是談?wù)?，?yīng)當(dāng)做點(diǎn)什么。 （2）instead adv. 代替，取代。If you cant go there, I will go instead. 如果你不能去，我可以代替你去。4. For instance, if we work on computers too long, we may get headaches or sore eyes. 例如，如果我們在計(jì)算機(jī)前工作太久，也許就會頭疼或眼睛酸澀。 （1）for instance 例如， instance （同 example) 例子，實(shí)例。 Lets give you some instances. 我給你舉幾個例子。 （2）such as 例如，常指列舉同類事物。 There are many kinds of fruit in the market, such as apples, oranges,lemons. 市場上有許多種水果，例如蘋果、橘子、檸檬等。Section D1. No one knows for certain, but most people think that robots will be part of our lives.沒有人清楚，但是大部分人都認(rèn)為機(jī)器人會成為我們生活的一部分。 certain adj.1.只作表語確鑿的，無疑的，可靠的； 2.只作表語，后跟動詞不定式或 of, that一定的，必然的，有把握的，確信的；一定會來到或發(fā)生的；3.只作定語某，某一(些)；相當(dāng)?shù)?，一定程度的；一些，有點(diǎn)兒，某種； 4.習(xí)慣用語 be certain of 確信，深信； be certain to 必然；一定； be not certain whether. 不能確定是否 for certain 肯定地，確鑿地； make certain (of, that) 把弄清楚，把弄確鑿， 保證； 2.In a few years, perhaps robots will think on their own, just as people use their brains and act for themselves.多年以后，也許機(jī)器人會有自己的思想，就像人們使用自己的大腦和自己行動一樣。 on ones own 獨(dú)自，單獨(dú)I can do it on my own. 我可以自己來(做) 。3.One scientist warns that if robots start to think for themselves, they will no longer want to be our servants, but our masters.曾有科學(xué)家警告，如果機(jī)器人開始自我思考，他們將不再愿意成為我們的仆人，而是想成為我們的主人。A. warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人（不要）干某事；Mrs. Brown warned me not to interfere. 布朗夫人警告我不要插手。B. warn sb. about sth.提醒、警告某人注意某事；They warned him about the dangers of sailing alone.他們警告他說獨(dú)自航行危險(xiǎn)重重。C. warn sb. against (doing) sth.警告某人某事； I must warn you against raising your hopes. 我必須警告你不要期望過高。2 重點(diǎn)語法-定語從句（）定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句，叫做定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞，通常位于定語從句之前。引導(dǎo)定語從句的是關(guān)系代詞that, which, who(賓格whom, 所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞where, when、why。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞謂語先行詞和定語從句之間，它既起連接作用，又充當(dāng)從句中的一個成分。含定語從句的復(fù)合句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句。1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. * 引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞* 關(guān)系詞常有三個作用：1、引導(dǎo)定語從句 2、代替先行詞 3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。本話題只講解關(guān)系代詞作主語的情況，請看下面的表格：關(guān)系詞作用能否 省略先行詞 例句that,who主語否人Do you know the boy who / that is from China.that,which 主語否物I dont like the book which that is written in English. that主語否人和物I will remember the people and things that appear in my life.3 重點(diǎn)詞組：1 The Science Museum 科學(xué)博物館；2 the first Chinese to travel into space 太空旅行的第一人；3 our national hero 我們的民族英雄；4 send a person into space 將人送進(jìn)太空；5 launch another four spaceships 發(fā)射了另外四艘宇宙飛船6 in the past few year 在過去幾年；7 Whats more 而且；8 make great progress 在方面取得極大進(jìn)步；9 in space industry 在航空工業(yè)方面；10 What a large crowd! 好多人；11 Chinas first lunar probe 中國第一個月球探測器；12 travel around the earth 圍繞地球飛行；13 the legend of Change 嫦娥（奔月）的傳說；14 a woman astronaut 一位女宇航員；15 give sb. a lesson 上一課；16 the first man to set foot on the moon 登月第一人；17 during ones life = in ones life 在某人的一生；18 take part in = join in = be in 參加（指參加某項(xiàng)活動）；19 be realized in the future 夢想將會實(shí)現(xiàn)；20 set foot in/on. 踏上，踏入，涉足；21 man-made Satellite 人造衛(wèi)星；22 independently launch a satellite 獨(dú)立發(fā)射衛(wèi)星；23 be a landmark of 成為的標(biāo)志；24 take part in two space flights 參加過兩次太空飛行；25 along with his partner 和他的搭檔；26 along with 和；27 have a spacewalk 進(jìn)行太空行走；28 land on the lunar surface 著陸于月球表面；29 explore and collect soil and rocks 探測并收集泥土和巖石；30 return to the earth safely 安全返回地球；31 ask sb. something about 為某人有關(guān)的事；32 be so amazing 太神奇了；33 tell me some recent spaceship developments 講一些宇宙飛船的發(fā)展情況；34 use electronic controls 用電子控制；35 used to be controlled by astronauts 過去由宇航員控制；36 used to do sth. 過去常常做某事；37 be controlled by sb. 被某人控制；38 control the speed and the direction of 控制的速度和方向；39 know so little about computer technology 對電腦技術(shù)只了解一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)；40 master computer technology 掌握電腦技術(shù)；41 advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事；42 discover new ways 發(fā)現(xiàn)新的方法；43 make computers serve sb better 讓電腦更好地為我們服務(wù)；44 make sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事；45 Thanks for your introduction. 感謝你的介紹。46 introduce.to sb. 把介紹給某人；47 introduce sth. into 把引進(jìn)（into 后常跟地點(diǎn)作介賓）48 explain to Kangkang that. 向康康解釋；49 explain sth. to sb. 向某人解釋某事；50 expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事；51 make up ones mind to do sth. 下定決心做某事；52 add.to . 把加到；53 look at.through telescopes 通過望遠(yuǎn)鏡看；54 train on a special machine 在特殊的機(jī)器上訓(xùn)練；55 keep ones heart beating normally 使心臟正常跳動；56 in many areas of work and leisure 在許多工作和娛樂領(lǐng)域；57 There is no doubt that 毫無疑問；58 be useful in technology and business 在技術(shù)和商業(yè)領(lǐng)域非常有用；59 with the help of 在幫助下；60 find disease easily 容易發(fā)現(xiàn)疾病；61 solve other problems 解決其他問題；62 tiny computers 微型電腦；63 be dangerous to sb. 對危險(xiǎn)；64 place and cancel orders 訂購和取消訂單；65 make the workplace safer and better 使工作場所更安全，更好；66 come into being 出現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生；67 thanks to the Internet 多虧了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)；68 communicate by sending e-mail and chatting on line 通過發(fā)郵件和網(wǎng)上聊天進(jìn)行交流；69 for instance/example 例如；70 get enough time to study or exercise 得到足夠的時間學(xué)習(xí)或鍛煉；71 use sth. properly 恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂茫?2 turn on the computer as usual 像往常一樣打開電腦；73 It was reported that. 據(jù)報(bào)道；74 break down 出故障，拋錨；75 know for certain 確切地知道76 be part of our lives 成為我們生活的一部分77 so far 到目前為止78 cause us any problems 給我們帶來任何麻煩79 all the time 一直，總是80 work for us like a servant 像傭人一樣為我們 81 be surprised at. 對感到驚訝82 think on their own/ for themselves 獨(dú)立思考83 use their brains and act for themselves 使用自己的大腦為自己行動一樣84 no longer = not.any longer 不再85 treat .as. 把看作/視為86 a war between.and. 一場和之間的戰(zhàn)爭87 on ones own 獨(dú)自，單獨(dú)；88 warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人（不要）干某事；89 warn sb. about sth. 提醒、警告某人注意某事；90 warn sb. against (doing) sth. 警告某人某事； 4 練習(xí)：A. 選擇題。1. All over the world, Edison _ an inventor. A. was known for B. was known as C. knew as D. is famous for2.Whats wrong with you? They said I wasnt allowed here. They dont allow _ in the waiting room. A. to smoke; smokingB. smoking; to smoke C. to smoke; to smokeD. smoke; smoking3. I you to come yesterday, but you didnt. A. hopeB. wishC. hopedD. wished4.Your feet have _ DNA _ your ears. A. same; as B. the same; asC. similar; toD. the similar; to5. Mobile phones are widely used in our _ life. A. dailyB. every dayC. dayD. days6.Do you know for _ that it was made in 1980? A.certainB.certainlyC.sureD.doubt7._ you finish your homework, you can go out to play. A.As well asB.UnlessC.As long asD.As far as8. I saw Lucy go to Miss Zhangs home just now. Yes, she is often seen _ Miss Zhang with her housework. A.help B.to helpC.helpsD.helping9. Many man-made satellites _ by China. We are very proud. A. send up B. sent into C. were sent up D. were sent into10.I passed the exam successfully. Congratulations! We are expecting you _ greater progress. A. to make B. makes C. making D. to be made11.The number of people _ lost their lives in Indonesian earthquake reached as many as 6200. A. which B. who C. Whom 12.Have you been to the new Sports Center _ is just opened in town? No, not yet. A. where B. who C. that 13.This is a new museum _ was built last year. A. when B. who C. which14.Do you know the girl _ is singing on the stage? A. who B. what C. which 15.At last the boy was made _ and began to laugh. A.stop crying B.to stop to cry C.to stop crying D.stop to cry16.He _ his son to be an astronaut in the future,so he always advises him _ harder. A.hopes,to study B.expects, to study C.wishes, study D.expects, study17. Father often tells me _ too much time on computer games. A.dont spend B.not spend C.not to spend D.not spending18. Is the factory _ by the computer? Yes,it is. The computer technology is very important. A.is mainly controlled B.was mainly controlled C.mainly controlled D.main controlled19.The movie _ we saw last night was fantastic. A. that B. what C. whose D. who 20. Liu Yang is the first woman astronaut _ has ever traveled in space. A. whom B. which C. who D. whose 21. People are talking about the old houses _ Jackie Chan bought in Xin