網(wǎng)站建設技術外文翻譯.doc

網(wǎng)站建設技術* Feng Liu ,Lingling Zhang, Jifa Gu, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF KNOWLEDGE AND SYSTEMS SCIENCES, Volume 4.Number 4 .December 20071.介紹 網(wǎng)絡技術的發(fā)展,為今天全球性的信息交流與資在建立源共享和交往提供了更多的途徑和可能。足不出戶便可以知曉天下大事,按幾下鍵盤或點幾下鼠標可以與遠在千里之外的朋友交流,網(wǎng)上通信、網(wǎng)上瀏覽、網(wǎng)上交互、網(wǎng)上電子商務已成為現(xiàn)代人們生活的一部分。Internet 時代, 造就了人們新的工作和生活方式,其互聯(lián)性、開放性和共享信息的模式,打破了傳統(tǒng)信息傳播方式的重重壁壘,為人們帶來了新的機遇。隨著計算機和信息時代的到來,人類社會前進的腳步在逐漸加快。近幾年網(wǎng)頁設計發(fā)展,快得人目不暇接。隨著網(wǎng)頁設計技術的發(fā)展,豐富多彩的網(wǎng)頁成為網(wǎng)上一道亮麗的風景線。要想設計美觀實用的網(wǎng)頁就應該深入掌握網(wǎng)站建設技術。在建立網(wǎng)站時,我們分析了網(wǎng)站建立的目的、內(nèi)容、功能、結(jié)構(gòu),應用了更多的網(wǎng)頁設計技術。2、網(wǎng)站的定義2.1 如何定義網(wǎng)站 確定網(wǎng)站的任務和目標,是建設網(wǎng)站所面臨的最重要的問題。為什么人們會來到你的網(wǎng)站? 你有獨特的服務嗎? 人們第一次到你的網(wǎng)站是為了什么? 他們還會再來嗎? 這些問題都是定義網(wǎng)站時必須考慮的問題。要定義網(wǎng)站,首先,必須對整個網(wǎng)站有一個清晰認識,弄清到底要設計什么、主要的目的與任務、如何對任務進行組織與規(guī)劃。其次,保持網(wǎng)站的高品質(zhì)。在眾多網(wǎng)站的激烈競爭中,高品質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品是長期競爭的最大優(yōu)勢。一個優(yōu)秀的網(wǎng)站應具備：（1）用戶訪問網(wǎng)站的速度要快；（2）注意反饋與更新。及時更新網(wǎng)站內(nèi)容、及時反饋用戶的要求；（3）首頁設計要合理。首頁給訪問者留下的第一印象很重要,設計務必精美,以求產(chǎn)生良好的視覺效果。2.2 網(wǎng)站的內(nèi)容和功能 在網(wǎng)站的內(nèi)容方面,就是要做到新、快、全三面。網(wǎng)站內(nèi)容的類型包括靜態(tài)的、動態(tài)的、功能的和事物處理的。確定網(wǎng)站的內(nèi)容是根據(jù)網(wǎng)站的性質(zhì)決定的,在設計政府網(wǎng)站、商業(yè)網(wǎng)站、科普性網(wǎng)站、公司介紹網(wǎng)站、教學交流網(wǎng)站等的內(nèi)容和風格時各有不同。我們建立的網(wǎng)站同這些類型的網(wǎng)站性質(zhì)均不相同。2.3 網(wǎng)站的結(jié)構(gòu)（1）網(wǎng)站的結(jié)構(gòu)；（2）定義導航；（3）可視化設計；（4）設計框架和頁面。3、網(wǎng)站的設計與實現(xiàn) 隨著人們對設計的要求越來越高,高格調(diào),高品位的設計作品,才深受人們的歡迎。這也就給設計者們提出了更高的要求,從這個角度說,板式設計正是滿足了人們的要求應需而生。科技的飛躍發(fā)展, 讓Internet 走進了千家萬戶,也產(chǎn)生出新的設計領域空間,而網(wǎng)頁設計成為新的設計領域的重要內(nèi)容。優(yōu)秀的網(wǎng)頁設計,必須有好的創(chuàng)意,才能使觀者視線久久難移,產(chǎn)生震撼力。版面設計是很重要的,通過文字、圖形的空間組合,能最佳的表達出和諧與美。如果想進一步認識網(wǎng)頁設計,做出有別于一般網(wǎng)站的網(wǎng)頁,就需要掌握更多的象CSS 、javascript 、CGI 等網(wǎng)頁設計技術。在網(wǎng)站的建設中就應用了CSS 、javascript 等網(wǎng)頁設計技術。3.1 應用CSS 設計網(wǎng)頁(1) 什么是CSS ? CSS 是一種樣式表(stylesheet)技術。也有的人稱之為層疊樣式表( Cascading Stylesheet)。(2) CSS與HTML的結(jié)合方式。方式一：將所定義的CSS內(nèi)容書寫在這一對標簽之間。方式二：將CSS內(nèi)容單獨保存為一個文本文件,再由標簽來調(diào)用。(3) CSS在網(wǎng)站中的應用事例。在網(wǎng)站中的頁面,增加了以下的定義, 使頁面有特殊的顯示效果。3.2 應用javascript 設計網(wǎng)頁 javascript的出現(xiàn)使得信息和用戶之間不僅只是一種顯示和瀏覽的關系,而是實現(xiàn)了一種實時的、動態(tài)的、可交式的表達能力。從而基于CGI靜態(tài)的HTML頁面將被可提供動態(tài)實時信息,并對客戶操作進行反應的Web頁面的取代。javascript腳本正是滿足這種需求而產(chǎn)生的語言。它深受廣泛用戶的喜愛。它是眾多腳本語言中較為優(yōu)秀的一種。與WWW的結(jié)合有效地實現(xiàn)了網(wǎng)絡計算和網(wǎng)絡計算機的藍圖。3.3 應用 Dreamweaver 設計網(wǎng)頁Macromedia Dreamweaver 是為視覺上設計并且管理網(wǎng)絡站點和網(wǎng)頁的一個專業(yè)的HTML 編輯器。不論你是比較喜歡手寫代碼還是在可視化編輯的環(huán)境下工作，Dreamweaver 都向你提供有用的工具讓你快速起手或提高你的網(wǎng)絡設計經(jīng)驗。Dreamweaver 包括許多編碼工具和特征：HTML CSS 和JAVASCRIPT 參考，一個JAVASCRIPT 調(diào)試器， 和代碼編輯器（ 代碼看法和代碼查看器） 容許你在Dreamweaver 中編輯JAVASCRIPT ，XML 以及其他文本文件。Macromedia 的雙程的HTML 技術可以導入HTML 而不會重新格式化。而且你如果愿意也可以設置Dreamweaver 清理代碼或重新格式化HTML。Dreamweaver 的可視化編輯的土正也讓你快速把設計和功能加到你的頁面，而不用寫一行代碼。你能查看所有的你的站點的元素或資源。并且直接從一個容易使用的面版拖拽他們進一個文件。通過在Macromedia Fireworks 中創(chuàng)建并編輯圖象來優(yōu)化你的開發(fā)工作流程，然后直接將他們導入Dreamweaver， 或假如直接在Dreamweaver創(chuàng)造的Flash 對象。Dreamweaver 是可完全自定義的。使用Dreamweaver 來創(chuàng)建你自己的對象和命令，修改快捷鍵，甚至寫入JAVASCRIPT 來擴展Dreamweaver 在新的行為、屬性面板以及站點報告上的能力。Dreamweaver 工作區(qū)域讓我門從Dreamweaver 工作區(qū)域的簡短的概述開始。如果你已經(jīng)沒安裝Dreamweaver，雙擊Dreamweaver 圖標安裝它。Dreamweaver 工作區(qū)域不同工作的方式和用戶的水平有不同的界面。當你安裝Dreamweaver 時，下列工作區(qū)域打開：當你創(chuàng)造并且編輯頁面時，文件窗口顯示當前的文件對象面板包含一些圖標。你可以點擊插入對象到你的文件。Dreamweaver 提供許多浮動的面板，例如HTML 式樣面板和代碼檢查器，它使你能夠使用另外的Dreamweaver 元素。Launcher 轉(zhuǎn)載器工具條包含打開關閉你的最經(jīng)常使用的檢查器和面板。屬性檢查器所選擇的物體或文章的性質(zhì)，并且讓你修改那些屬性（哪個屬性在檢查器出現(xiàn)取決于在文件中選擇哪個對象）。打開Dreamweaver 的窗口，檢查器和面板，使用窗口菜單。靠著在菜單顯示項目有一個勾，表示該項窗口項目在當前打開（盡管它可以被隱蔽在另外的窗戶后面）。要打開一個窗口項目，從菜單選擇項目名字或使用它的鍵盤快捷。使用DreamweaverDreamweaver 能在3 個方法顯示一個文件：在設計視圖，在代碼視圖，實際與代碼結(jié)合視圖，（改變你在其正在工作的視圖，在Dreamweaver 工作跳選擇視圖）Dreamweaver 缺省是在設計視圖顯示文件窗口。另外，你呢功能使用設計試圖的兩種方法：在標準視圖與布局視圖。（你在對象面板最下面的視圖分類選擇這些視圖）在布局視圖你能設計頁面布局，插入圖形，正文和另外的煤體。在標準的視圖，除了插入圖形正文煤體，你能也插入層，創(chuàng)建楨文件，創(chuàng)建表格，并且做其他在布局視圖無法做到的改變。_4.關于網(wǎng)站建設的幾點體會 隨著Internet的普及，越來越多的政府部門、公司和個人意識到需要擁有自己的獨立網(wǎng)站。下面就設計和制作網(wǎng)站談談自己的一些體會。 在進行完系統(tǒng)分析之后，我們就應該進行系統(tǒng)的設計。網(wǎng)頁的設計類似于軟件開發(fā)的設計，有自頂向下、自底向上和不斷增補等設計方法。主要任務是網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容的設計，包括網(wǎng)頁的信息組織結(jié)構(gòu)、外觀、內(nèi)容分塊、導航與鏈接、目錄結(jié)構(gòu)等設計。系統(tǒng)設計是網(wǎng)站具體實現(xiàn)前的準備，對網(wǎng)頁的實現(xiàn)進一步提出更具體的要求，對網(wǎng)頁的整體效果、局部細節(jié)有更明確的設想。這個過程是整個網(wǎng)站規(guī)劃中的關鍵。 接下來就是如何將自己設計的網(wǎng)站實現(xiàn)的問題。對于網(wǎng)站的實現(xiàn)，我認為需要考慮兩部分：網(wǎng)頁的實現(xiàn)；Web服務器的實現(xiàn)。在網(wǎng)站實現(xiàn)的過程中，技術選型很重要。前者主要使用HTML語言，對于交互性較強的網(wǎng)站來說，建議采用ASP、JSP、PHP等編程來輔助實現(xiàn)，更為復雜的網(wǎng)站可能還會有自己的數(shù)據(jù)庫。后者則用到各種基于不同操作系統(tǒng)的Web服務器軟件的安裝、調(diào)試。這個階段是整個過程中最主要也最耗時的一部分。 當我們完成了上述工作后，就需要進行網(wǎng)頁發(fā)布了。到了這個階段，網(wǎng)頁制作就接近尾聲，主要工作是把做好的網(wǎng)頁發(fā)布到網(wǎng)絡上，對網(wǎng)頁作最后的修改、測試，保證網(wǎng)頁能在網(wǎng)絡上正常地運行。 在網(wǎng)頁發(fā)布以后，應對網(wǎng)頁進行各個方面各種情況的測試，包括網(wǎng)頁能否對任何不同的瀏覽器、不同的訪問者都表現(xiàn)正常，ASP、JSP、PHP程序能否正常工作等等。這個階段是網(wǎng)頁的試運行期，此時應把網(wǎng)頁的各種缺陷盡量彌補，使網(wǎng)頁更加完善。 經(jīng)過一段時期的運行，網(wǎng)站就進入了正常運行期，主要工作是及時更新網(wǎng)頁過時的信息，及時對訪問者的留言做出反饋，進一步完善網(wǎng)頁，不斷采用新的技術更新升級網(wǎng)頁，使網(wǎng)頁的訪問更迅速，外觀更美觀，信息資源更豐富。以上就是建站要大體遵循的七個步驟，這七個步驟是相輔相成的，但可根據(jù)網(wǎng)頁的難易程度和復雜度適當增強或減弱某個環(huán)節(jié)?？傊?，建設一個成功的網(wǎng)站并非一件容易的事，它需要全方位考慮，綜合各方面的因素。5.結(jié)束語 隨著Internet技術的突飛猛進,各行各業(yè)都在加入Internet的行業(yè)中來。無論從管理方面,還是從商業(yè)角度來看,Internet都可以帶來無限生機。Internet成為了一個設計人員施才華的新天地。人們將不斷探索,將網(wǎng)站建設中的新技術應用在網(wǎng)站中。 參考文獻：1 N.Hritonenko, Yu.Yatsenko.Creative destruction of computing systems: Analysis and modeling, Journal of Supercomputing, 38(2006), 143-154.2 Yu.Yatsenko, N.Hritonenko.Network economics and optimal replacement of agestructured. IT capital, Mathematical Methods of Operations Research, 65(2007), 483-497.3 A.S. Boranbayev, Reference Architecture for Web Applications, Reports of the National Academy of Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 5 (2007), 18-26.4 The Spring Framework official website: /.5 Martin Fowler discusses details of the dependency injection pattern and how Spring.6 JUnit framework: /.7 Spring Framework official website - Chapter 9, Transaction management: /spring/docs/2.0.x/reference/transaction.html.8 A.S. Boranbayev, Optimal Methods for Java Web Services, News of the National Academy of Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 5 (2007), 38-43.原文二：On site construction technology Feng Liu，Lingling Zhang，Jifa Gu* Feng Liu ,Lingling Zhang, Jifa Gu, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF KNOWLEDGE AND SYSTEMS SCIENCES, Volume 4.Number 4 .December 20071 .Introduction The development of network technology for todays global information exchange and sharing funding source in the establishment of contacts and provide more channels and possible. Homes will be known world affairs, according few keyboard or a few mouse clicks can be distant friends thousands of miles away exchanges, and online communications, Internet browsing, on-line interactive, e-commerce has become a modern part of peoples lives. Internet era, has created the new peoples work and lifestyle, the Internet, openness and sharing of information model, breaking the traditional mode of information dissemination many barriers for people with new opportunities. With computers and the advent of the information age, the pace of the advance of human society in gradually accelerated. In recent years the development of web design, fast people occupied. With the development of web design, a colorful online website together one scenic beauty. To design aesthetic and practical web site should be thoroughly master the building techniques. In building site, we analyzed the websites of objectives, contents, functions, structure, the application of more web design technology. 2.the definition of website How definition of websites 2.1 Web site identified the tasks and objectives, the building site is the most important issue. Why people will come to your website? You have a unique service? The first people to your website is to what? They will come back? All these issues must be taken into account when the site definition of the problem. Definition site to, first of all, the entire site must have a clear understanding of what the design should understand in the end, the main purpose of the mission, how to carry out the task of organization and planning. Second, to maintain the high-quality Web site. Many websites in the face of strong competition from high-quality product is the greatest long-term competitive advantage. An excellent Web site should have the following: (1) users visit Web site is faster. (2) attention to the feedback and updates. To update the content of the website and timely feedback the users requirements; (3) Home design to be reasonable. Home to the first impression left by visitors is important, the design must be attractive in order to have a good visual effect. 2.2 The contents of the website and function The content of the web site is to be a new, fast, all three sides. The content of the website, including the type of static, dynamic, functional and things to deal with. Website content is determined in accordance with the nature of the site, in the design of the site, commercial websites, popular science site, company websites, teaching and exchange websites, the content and style are different. We have established websites with the nature of these types of sites are not the same. 2.3 The structure website (1) site structure; (2) definition of navigation; (3) Visual Design; (4) framework and design pages. 3.Site Design and Implementation With increasing demands on design, high style, high-grade design work before gaining popularity. This also to the designers have put forward higher requirements, from this point of view, the plate design is to meet the requirements of the people should be and Health. The rapid development of science and technology, the Internet into millions of households, also produced a new design space, and a new web design an important part of the field of design. Excellent web design, we must have good creative, so that the audience can be difficult to shift attention long time, produce power. Layout is very important, through text, graphics space portfolio, can best express harmony with the United States. If you want to further understand website design, made separately from other web sites homepage, you need to have more like CSS, javascript, CGI, and other web design technology. In building on the site of the CSS, javascript and other web design technology. CSS 3.1 Application Design website (1) What is CSS? CSS is a style sheet (stylesheet) technology. Some of them called CSS (Cascading Stylesheet). (2) the combination of CSS and HTML form. Mode 1: The CSS content, as defined in the writing between the labels. Mode 2: CSS will be preserved as a separate text file, and then from labels to call. (3) CSS the web site of examples. The web site pages, and increase the following definition so that the pages show with special effects. 3.2 Application Design website javascript Javascript and the emergence of making information between users is not only a display and browse the relationship, but to achieve a real-time, dynamic, cross-expression. Thus based on the CGI static HTML pages will be to provide dynamic real-time information, and customer response to the operation of the Web pages replaced. javascript scripting is satisfy this demand arising from the language. Its loved by extensive user. Many scripting language it is in a relatively good. WWW and effectively achieve the combination of the computer network computing and network blueprint. 3.3 Dream weaver:Macromedia Dream weaver is a professional HTML editor for visually designing andmanaging web sites and pages. Whether you enjoy the control of hand-coding HTML orprefer to work in a visual editing environment, Dream weaver makes it easy to get startedand provides you with helpful tools to enhance your Web design experience.Dream weaver includes many coding tools and features: an HTML, CSS, andJavaScript reference, a JavaScript debugger, and code editors (the Code view and Codeinspector) that allow you to edit JavaScript, XML technology imports HTML documentswithout reformatting Macromedias Roundtrip HTML technology imports HTMLdocuments without reformatting the code and you can set Dream weaver to clean up andreformat HTML when you want it to .Dream weavers visual editing features also let you quickly add design andfunctionality to your pages without writing a line of code. You can view all your siteelements or assets and drag them from an easy-to-use panel directly into a document.Streamline your development workflow by creating and editing images in MacromediaFireworks, then importing them directly into Dream weaver, or by adding Flash objectsyou create directly in Dream weaver.Dream weaver is fully customizable. Use Dream weaver to create your own objectsand commands, modify keyboard shortcuts, and even write JavaScript code to extendDream weavers capabilities with new behaviors, property inspectors and site reports.The Dream weaver work areaLets start with a brief overview of the Dream weaver work area.If you havent already launch Dream weaver, double-click the Dream weaver icon tolaunch it.The Dream weaver work area accommodates different styles of working and levels ofexpertise.When you launch Dream weaver, the following work area items open:The Document window displays the current document as you create and edit it.2The Objects panel contains icons you click to insert objects in you document.Dream weaver provides many floating panels, such as the HTML Styles panel and thecode inspector which enable you to work with other Dream weaver elements.The Launcher bar contains buttons for opening and closing your most frequently usedinspectors and panels.The Property inspector displays properties for the selected object or text, and lets youmodify those properties.(Which properties appear in the inspector depend on the objectactively selected in the document.)To open Dream weavers windows, inspectors and panels, use the Window menu. Acheck mark next to an item in the Window menu indicates that the named item is currentlyopen(though it may be hidden behind other windows). To display an item that isntcurrently open, choose the item name from the menu or use its keyboard shortcut.Working in Dream weaverDream weaver can display a document in three ways: in Design view, in Code view,and in a split view that shows both the design and code.(To change the view in whichyoure working ,select a view in the Dream weaver toolbar.)By default, Dream weaverdisplays the document window in design view.In addition, you can work with Dream weavers design view in two different ways inlayout view and standard view.( You select these views in the view category of the objectspanel.) In layout view you can design a page layout. Insert graphics, text, and other media;in standard view, in addition to inserting graphics text and media, you can also insert layers,create frame documents, create tables, and apply other changes to your page-options thatarent available in layout view.4. Construction on the site Experience With the popularity of the Internet, more and more government departments, companies and individuals aware of the need to have their own independent Web site. Below on the design and production sites on some of their own experience. After conducting systematic analysis End, we should carry out system design. Web page design similar to the development of software design, top-down, bottom-up and continuous updating, and other design methods. The main task is to design the content of the sites, including the website information organization structure, appearance, content block, navigation and links, directory structure design. System design is the site ready before the concrete realization of the website to further the realization of more specific requirements, the overall effect on the website, local details have a clearer idea. This entire process is the key site planning. Next is how to achieve their own Web site design issues. The realization of the site, I think the need to be considered in two parts: the realization website; Web servers can be achieved. In the process of achieving website, technology selection is very important. Former major use HTML language, the stronger the interactive website, the proposed use of ASP, JSP, PHP and other programming to help achieve, the more complex Web site may also have its own database. The latter is based on all kinds of different operating systems used Web server software installation and debugging. This stage is the whole process of the most important and most time-consuming part. When we completed the work, the need for website released. At this stage of the production on the website drawing to a close, the main task is to do a good job in the website release to the network, the web site for final modifications, testing, homepage can guarantee normal operation of the network. Published in the website after website to deal with various aspects of the tests, including the possibility of any different web browsers, different visitors have shown normal, ASP, JSP, PHP normal procedure can work, and so on. This stage is the website of trial operation period, the website at this time should be to make up for various shortcomings, the website will be more perfected. After a period of operation, the site entered the normal operation period, the main task is to update outdated information website, the visitors message timely feedback to further improve the website, the introduction of new technologies constantly update