英語(yǔ)B級(jí)考試閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題及答案解析.doc

2011年上半年英語(yǔ)B及考試就要開考了，閱讀理解在考試中占了很大的比重，為了幫助大家拿到閱讀的高分，下面給大家整理了閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題及答案解析，供大家參考。When one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the English language, he should be able to notice a number of significant truths. The history of our been a history of constant changeat times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. Our been a living growing organism, it has never been static. Another significant truth that emerges from such a study is that language at all times has been the possession not of one class or group but of many. At one extreme it has been the property of the common, ignorant folk, who have used it in the daily business of their living, much as they have used their animals or the kitchen pots and pans. At the other extreme it has been the treasure of those who have respected it as an instrument and a sign of civilization, and who have struggled by writing it down to give it some permanence, order, dignity, and if possible, a little beauty.As we consider our changing language, we should note here two developments that are of special and immediate importance to us. One is that since the time of the Anglo-Saxons there has been an almost complete reversal of the different relationship of words in a sentence. Anglo-Saxon (old English) was a language of many inflections. Modern English has few inflections. We must now depend largely on word order and function words to convey the meanings that the older language did by means of changes in the forms of words. Function words, you should understand, are words such as prepositions, conjunctions, and a few others that are used primarily to show relationships among other words. A few inflections, however, have survived. And when some word inflections come into conflict with word order, there may be trouble for the users of the language, as we shall see later when we turn our attention to such maters as WHO or WHOM and ME or I. The second fact we must consider is that as language itself changes, our attitudes toward language forms change also. The eighteenth century, for example, produced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write. 1.In contrast to the earlier linguists, modern linguists tend to .A. attempt to continue the standardization of the languageB. evaluate language practices in terms of current speech rather than standards or proper patternsC. be more concerned about language than its analysis or historyD. be more aware of the rules of the language usage2.Choose the appropriate meaning for the word “inflection” used in line 4 of paragraph 2.A. Changes in the forms of words.B. Changes in sentence structures.C. Changes in spelling rules.D. Words that have similar meanings.3.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage?A. It is generally believed that the year 1500 can be set as the beginning of the modern English language.B. Some other languages had great influence on the English language at some stages of its development.C. The English language has been and still in a state of relatively constant change.D. Many classes or groups have contributed to the development of the English language.4. The author of these paragraphs is probably a(an) .A. historianB. philosopherC. anthropologistD. linguist5.Which of the following can be best used as the title of the passage?A. The history of the English language.B. Our changing attitude towards the English language.C. Our changing language.D. Some characteristics of modern English.Vocabulary1.span n. 跨度，范圍，一段時(shí)間，期間2.imperceptible adj. 感覺(jué)不到的，覺(jué)察不到的，極細(xì)微的3.organism n. 生物體，有機(jī)體4.possession n. 擁有，占有，領(lǐng)土，領(lǐng)地5.ignorant adj. 無(wú)知的6.folk n. 人們，民族7.permanence n. 永久，持久8.Anglo-Saxons n. 盎格魯撒克遜語(yǔ)，盎格魯撒克遜人，地道的英國(guó)人9.reversal n. 顛倒，反向，逆轉(zhuǎn)10.inflection n. 詞尾變化11.preposition n. 前置詞，介詞12.conjunction n. 聯(lián)合，關(guān)聯(lián)，連接詞13.in terms of 根據(jù)，按照，用的話，在方面長(zhǎng)難句解析【解析】“who”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾“the common, ignorant folk”。“much as”引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句?！発itchen pots and pans”意為“鍋碗瓢盆”?！咀g文】一方面它是那些普通人甚至無(wú)知民眾的財(cái)產(chǎn)，他們每天都像使喚他們的牲畜和鍋碗瓢盆一樣用著語(yǔ)言。【解析】 此句為一個(gè)復(fù)合倒裝句?！皍ntil”引導(dǎo)一個(gè)并列句，前一句的主語(yǔ)是“a tendency”，“to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew”作“tendency”的定語(yǔ)，第二句的主語(yǔ)也是“a tendency”，“to”后面的句子作“tendency”的定語(yǔ)，“in which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾“ways”?！咀g文】例如在18世紀(jì)一種產(chǎn)生于各種在一個(gè)不常使用和不利于語(yǔ)言發(fā)展的模式中，而到了當(dāng)今，主流是要反復(fù)研究、評(píng)價(jià)人們說(shuō)話、寫作中的語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐。答案與詳解【短文大意】本文主要講述英語(yǔ)演變過(guò)程的一些特點(diǎn)，指出了古英語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)的不同，以及語(yǔ)言學(xué)家對(duì)待語(yǔ)言形式的態(tài)度的變化。1.B細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干回原文中定位，閱讀文章時(shí)注意首末段及各段開頭的句子，這往往都是考點(diǎn)所在。這篇文章講的主要是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言演變的一些特 點(diǎn)，指出了古英語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)的不同，以及語(yǔ)言學(xué)家態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變。本題問(wèn)的正是現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)家與早期語(yǔ)言學(xué)家不同的傾向。根據(jù)文章末尾The eighteenth century, for example, produced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write. 現(xiàn)代們說(shuō)和寫的方式評(píng)價(jià)語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐，而不是像早期的語(yǔ)言學(xué)家根據(jù)一定的模式評(píng)價(jià)語(yǔ)言。選項(xiàng)B符合文章的意思。2.A詞匯題。要根據(jù)上下文的信息判斷單詞的意思。文章在第二段中間再次提到inflection時(shí)說(shuō)，A few inflections, however, have survived. 后面文章又舉了WHO/WHOM和ME/I為例說(shuō)明inflection，這是一篇關(guān)于語(yǔ)言學(xué)的文章，從例子可以看出inflection的意思應(yīng)該是 “單詞的變形”，選項(xiàng)A正確。3.A細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，選項(xiàng)A“普遍認(rèn)為1500年是現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)的起點(diǎn)”在文章中沒(méi)有提及，故為正確答案。文章第二句說(shuō)The history of our been a history of constant change - at times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. 我們語(yǔ)言的歷史是一個(gè)不斷變化的歷史在一些時(shí)間里緩慢得幾乎難以察覺(jué)，在另一些時(shí)間里則是兩種語(yǔ)言的激烈碰撞。由此可以推斷一些其他的語(yǔ)言對(duì)英語(yǔ)的發(fā) 展有重大影響，選項(xiàng)B符合文章的意思。4.D詞匯題。此題考查考生的推測(cè)能力和詞匯量，文章的具體細(xì)節(jié)，最適當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢笐?yīng)該是D。作者很可能是一位語(yǔ)言學(xué)家。A答案(歷史學(xué)家)和C答案(人類學(xué)家)也可以有點(diǎn)迷惑性。B答案(哲學(xué)家)是最不符合的。5.C主旨題。本文從各個(gè)方面談及英語(yǔ)作為一種語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展變化，但并不是講述英語(yǔ)的歷史。所以選項(xiàng)A不對(duì)，選項(xiàng)C作為文章的題目最為貼切。選項(xiàng)B只是文章闡述的一個(gè)方面，不夠全面。文章是在談到英語(yǔ)的不斷變化的時(shí)候談到了現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)的一些特點(diǎn)，所以選項(xiàng)D也失之于片面。英語(yǔ)B級(jí)考試閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題及答案解析（2）來(lái)源：考試百科 更新時(shí)間：2011-4-20 11:02:35 【考試百科：中國(guó)教育考試第一門戶】 【摘要】2011年上半年英語(yǔ)B及考試就要開考了，閱讀理解在考試中占了很大的比重，為了幫助大家拿到閱讀的高分，下面給大家整理了閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題及答案解析，供大家參考。Cultureisoneofthe 2011年上半年英語(yǔ)B及考試就要開考了，閱讀理解在考試中占了很大的比重，為了幫助大家拿到閱讀的高分，下面給大家整理了閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題及答案解析，供大家參考。Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn cultureone has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonalds. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer. 1. According to the passage, true?A. All international managers can learn culture.B. Business diversity is not necessary.C. Views differ on how to treat culture in business world. Most people do not know foreign culture well.2. According to the author, the model of Pepsi . is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around. is different from the model of McDonalds. shows the reverse of globalization. has converged cultural differences3. The two schools of thought . both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures. both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries. admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world. Both and 4. This article is supposed to be most useful for those .A. who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversityB. who have connections to more than one type of cultureC. who want to travel abroadD. who want to run business on International Scale5. According to Fortune, successful international companies . earn 20 percent or overseas. all have the quality of patience. will follow the overseas local cultures. adopt the policy of internationalization英語(yǔ)B級(jí)考試閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題及答案解析（2）來(lái)源：考試百科 更新時(shí)間：2011-4-20 11:02:35 【考試百科：中國(guó)教育考試第一門戶】 【摘要】2011年上半年英語(yǔ)B及考試就要開考了，閱讀理解在考試中占了很大的比重，為了幫助大家拿到閱讀的高分，下面給大家整理了閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題及答案解析，供大家參考。CultureisoneoftheVocabulary1. dynamic adj. 動(dòng)態(tài)的2. variable n. 變量3. aesthetics n. 美學(xué)4. factual adj. 事實(shí)的5. interpretative adj. 解釋的6. converge v. 聚合7. transplant v. 移植8. myopia n. 近視9. adversary n. 對(duì)手長(zhǎng)難句解析【解析】此句雖然很長(zhǎng)，但考生只要認(rèn)清它的主干，就很容易了解本句的意思。這個(gè)句子為一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，主語(yǔ)為：“this system”，謂語(yǔ)為“is shaped”?！咀g文】特定社會(huì)成員特點(diǎn)構(gòu)成的行為方式體系不斷地被一系列動(dòng)態(tài)變量所左右：如語(yǔ)言、信仰、價(jià)值與態(tài)度、禮儀與風(fēng)俗、審美、技術(shù)、教育及社會(huì)體制。答案與詳解【短文大意】本文主要作的影響，文中列舉了商界中存在的對(duì)于文化多樣性的兩種觀點(diǎn)。1. C推斷題。意為“對(duì)在商業(yè)中怎樣對(duì)待文化有著不同意見(jiàn)”。 文化在商業(yè)中是一個(gè)很具挑戰(zhàn)性的因素。不同的國(guó)家與地區(qū)可能會(huì)有不同的文化體系。在商業(yè)中，應(yīng)該怎樣對(duì)待不同的文化，商業(yè)界存在著不同的看法。2. 細(xì)節(jié)題。意為“與同意世界商業(yè)一體化的派別的主張是一致的”。 Pepsi采納的是國(guó)際化的商業(yè)風(fēng)格，這與那些主張國(guó)際化的派別的意見(jiàn)是相一致的。3. C推斷題。意為“承認(rèn)商業(yè)世界中文化的多元性”。兩個(gè)派別都承認(rèn)商業(yè)世界中文化的多元性。他們的不同在于，應(yīng)該對(duì)待不同的文化，應(yīng)該搞國(guó)際化還是對(duì)不同的文化采取不同的策略。4. D主旨題。由文中的例子可以知道，研究多種文化形態(tài)，而是文化背景對(duì)商業(yè)運(yùn)作的影響。所以D是正確答案。5. 細(xì)節(jié)題。意為“都具有耐心這一素質(zhì)”。司的海外收入都占總收入的20%或以上。它們也不一定全都接納海外的當(dāng)?shù)匚幕?，或是采納國(guó)際化策略。英語(yǔ)B級(jí)考試閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題及答案解析（3）來(lái)源：考試百科 更新時(shí)間：2011-4-20 11:02:35 【考試百科：中國(guó)教育考試第一門戶】 【摘要】2011年上半年英語(yǔ)B及考試就要開考了，閱讀理解在考試中占了很大的比重，為了幫助大家拿到閱讀的高分，下面給大家整理了閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題及答案解析，供大家參考。Amongthemorecolorf 2011年上半年英語(yǔ)B及考試就要開考了，閱讀理解在考試中占了很大的比重，為了幫助大家拿到閱讀的高分，下面給大家整理了閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題及答案解析，供大家參考。Among the more colorful characters of Leadvilles golden age were H.A.W.Tabor and his second wife,Elizabeth McCourt,better known as “Baby Doe”.Their history is fast becoming one of the legends of the Old West.Horace Austin school teacher in Vermont.With his first wife and two children he left Vermont by covered wagon in 1855 to homestead in Kansas.Perhaps he did not find farming to his liking,or perhaps he was lured by rumors of fortunes to be made in Colorado mines.At any rate,a few years later he moved west to the small Colorado mining camp known as California Gulch,which he later renamed Leadville when he became its leading citizen. “Great deposits of lead are sure to be found here.”he said.As it turned out,it was silver,not lead,that was to make Leadvilles fortune and wealth. Tabor knew little about mining himself,so he opened a general store,which sold everything from boots to salt,flour,and tobacco.It was his custom to “grubstake” prospective miners,in other words,to supply them with food and supplies,or “grub”, while they looked for ore,in return for which he would get a share in the mine if one was discovered.He did this for a number of years,but no one that he aided ever found anything of value.Finally one day in the year 1878,so the story goes,two miners came in and asked for “grub”. Tabor had decided to quit supplying it because he had lost too much money that way.These were persistent, however,and Tabor was too busy to argue with them. “Oh help yourself.One more time wont make any difference,” He said and went on selling shoes and hats to other customers.the two miners took $17 worth of supplies,in gave Tabor a one-third interest in their findings.They picked a barren place on the mountainside and began to dig.After nine days they struck a rich vein of silver.Tabor bought the shares of the other two men,and so the mine belonged to him alone.This mine,known as the “Pittsburgh Mine,” made 1 300 000 for Tabor in return for his $17 investment. Later Tabor bought the Matchless Mine on another barren hillside just outside the town for $117 000.This turned out to be even more fabulous than the Pittsburgh,yielding $35 000 worth of silver per day at one time.Leadville grew.Tabor became its first mayor,and later became lieutenant governor of the state.1.Leadville got its name for the following reasons EXCEPT.A.because citizenB.because great deposits of lead is expected to be found thereC.because it could bring good fortune to TaborD.because it was renamed2.The word “grubstake” in paragraph 2 means.A.to supply miners with food and suppliesB.to open a general storeC.to do ones contribution to the development of the mineD.to supply miners with food and supplies and in return get a share in the mine,if one was discovered3.Tabor made his first fortune.A.by supplying two prospective miners and getting in return a one-third interest in the findingsB.because he was persuaded by the two miners to quit supplyingC.by buying the shares of the otherD.as a land speculator4. The underlying reason for Tabors life career is.A. purely accidentalB. based on the analysis of miners being very poor and their possibility of discovering profitable mining siteC. through the help from his second wifeD. he planned well and accomplished targets step by step5.If this passage is the first part of an article,who might be introduced in the following part?A.Tabors life.B.Tabors second wife,Elizabeth McCourt.C.Other colorful characters.D.Tabors other careers.英語(yǔ)B級(jí)考試閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題及答案解析（3）來(lái)源：考試百科 更新時(shí)間：2011-4-20 11:02:35 【考試百科：中國(guó)教育考試第一門戶】 【摘要】2011年上半年英語(yǔ)B及考試就要開考了，閱讀理解在考試中占了很大的比重，為了幫助大家拿到閱讀的高分，下面給大家整理了閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題及答案解析，供大家參考。AmongthemorecolorfVocabulary1.barren adj. 貧瘠的2.fabulous adj. 神話般的，難以置信的3.lure vt.誘惑，引誘4.deposit n.沉淀，儲(chǔ)蓄5.grubstake v.下注長(zhǎng)難句解析【解析】“It”是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是“to”后面的句子，“while”引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 【譯文】他的人“下注”，說(shuō)得更明確一點(diǎn)就是泰勃供給這些人食品、用品等物品，作為回報(bào)，當(dāng)他們采到礦后就會(huì)分給他一部分股份。答案與詳解【短文大意】本文主要講述霍塞斯奧斯汀沃納泰勃發(fā)家的故事。1. C細(xì)節(jié)題。因?yàn)長(zhǎng)eadville可以為Tabor帶來(lái)巨富。這一點(diǎn)不是Leadville得名的原因，因?yàn)樵谖恼碌诙沃校v到這一點(diǎn)時(shí)，提及三個(gè)原 因：A.因?yàn)門abor成為當(dāng)?shù)氐木用翊砣宋铮珺.因?yàn)樵贚eadville有豐富的鉛的儲(chǔ)藏量。D.因?yàn)長(zhǎng)eadville是因?yàn)門abor重要而起 的名，唯獨(dú)C沒(méi)有，因?yàn)榈胶髞?lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)是銀礦才給他帶來(lái)巨富。2. D詞匯題。第二段中g(shù)rubstake的詞義與D所述內(nèi)容是相同的，即“供給探礦者資金，衣物，食品以及其他物品”。(可參閱英華大辭典修訂第二版64頁(yè))但此處還補(bǔ)充地講，作為回報(bào)，供給者可以獲得礦中資源一定份額。(見(jiàn)文章第二段第4行)3. A細(xì)節(jié)題。Tabor第一次真正供資助，為此他獲得他們礦資源三分之一的股份。見(jiàn)文章第三段4-9行內(nèi)容：兩名開礦者從Tabor那兒借走價(jià)值17美元的 物品，作為回報(bào)，Tabor獲得他們礦資源三分之一股份。于是兩位開礦者在一座山旁的不毛之地開始挖掘，九天之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)了銀的富礦，于是Tabor又將兩 人的股份全買下，這樣，銀礦屬于Tabor一個(gè)人所有，這個(gè)礦就是后來(lái)著名的“匹茲堡”礦。Tabor用17美元的投資換來(lái)了130萬(wàn)美元的收獲。4. B推斷題。由原文可知泰勃的財(cái)產(chǎn)來(lái)源是有一定偶然性的，但是畢竟也是基于他開創(chuàng)的“grubstake”模式，因?yàn)锳、D都不對(duì)，C更是沒(méi)有根據(jù)，因?yàn)樗€沒(méi)有娶第二位夫人這一切就發(fā)生了。分析泰勃的做法，會(huì)得出B選項(xiàng)所示的結(jié)論。5. B推斷題。如果本文是一篇文章的第一部分，那么在文章的第二部分將介紹誰(shuí)呢?key可以從文章第一句分析出來(lái)，在Leadville的黃金年代，其多彩的 特點(diǎn)當(dāng)中，Tabor及其第二任妻子Elizabeth McCourt是值得大書特書的，接著，文章都在講述有關(guān)H.A.W.Tabor發(fā)家致富的歷史，如先買下匹茲堡礦，后又買下Matchless礦，最后 成為市長(zhǎng)，代理州長(zhǎng)，等等，人公，因此下邊再講的話，應(yīng)成為女主人公即Elizabeth McCourt的天地了，她是Tabor的第二任妻子。這是順理成章的事。英語(yǔ)B級(jí)考試閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題及答案解析（4）來(lái)源：考試百科 更新時(shí)間：2011-4-20 11:02:35 【考試百科：中國(guó)教育考試第一門戶】 【摘要】2011年上半年英語(yǔ)B及考試就要開考了，閱讀理解在考試中占了很大的比重，為了幫助大家拿到閱讀的高分，下面給大家整理了閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題及答案解析，供大家參考。Whilethecitieso 2011年上半年英語(yǔ)B及考試就要開考了，閱讀理解在考試中占了很大的比重，為了幫助大家拿到閱讀的高分，下面給大家整理了閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題及答案解析，供大家參考。 While the cities of China have undergone modernization evident in the rising towers and bright lights that have awakened the sleeping country, the countryside remains largely the same.Rectangular rows of rice fields litter the long lanes of water designed to provide the constant supply of water that is vital to producing the crop. The experience is not unlike driving through the American Midwest, only rice not corn dominates the landscape.Four years ago, when I last took this trip, the roads were dust and telephone wires did not run parallel to the highway. Bare roads have been replaced by sleek, newly paved highways running from Shanghai to Nanking, to my smaller, home city, Wuhu. Unlike the changes I had heard of and expected in Shanghai, Wuhu was much more of a surprise. The small city where I was born had grown up as I have. There are large high-rise buildings, each ringed with smaller buildings around it, many of these apartment complexes. Little seemed familiar and I wonder flat built of brick and mortar had become.Perhaps I shouldnt have been surprised to find out that their home had been demolished and rebuilt as a six story apartment complex as well. Walking up to the second floor I saw my grandfathers face peering out of the screen door. He began to smile as he saw me, and so did I. Their home is now no different from a western apartment. Equipped with the modern amenities of a gas stove, a toilet, a showerthis was indeed different from four years ago. 1. According to the author, dramatic changes took place in.A. cities but not countryside of ChinaB. both cities and countryside of ChinaC. countryside but not in large citiesD. everywhere2. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that .A. peasants lead similar B. Chinese irrigating system is more impressing than that in AmericaC. peasants in Midwest America raise more corns while Chinese peasants raise