譯林牛津模塊十Unit4單詞精講.doc

模塊十 Unit 4 單詞精講Part I (Reading)1. hatred解析 hatred 名詞 意為 “憎恨; 仇恨; 憎惡; 惡意”由動(dòng)詞hate變化而來。如：He looked at me with hatred in his eyes. 他以憎恨的眼光望著我。相關(guān)習(xí)語：have a hatred for/of 憎惡. in hatred of 憎恨She has a profound hatred of fascism. 她對(duì)法西斯主義懷有深仇大恨.2. lastly 解析 lastly 副詞 意為 “最后一點(diǎn); 最后” 如：Lastly, were going to visit Athens, and fly home from there. 最后我們將訪問雅典, 然后從那兒乘飛機(jī)回國(guó).注意：last也可以充當(dāng)副詞 意為： “上次, 最近”I saw him last in New York. 我上次見到他是在紐約。3. identify 解析identify 主要是及物動(dòng)詞 有以下三個(gè)意思：（1）確認(rèn);識(shí)別;鑒定,驗(yàn)明(+as)I cannot identify this signature. 我識(shí)別不出這是誰的簽字。（2） 視.(與.)為同一事物(+with)Never identify wealth with happiness. 千萬不要把財(cái)富和幸福等同起來。不及物動(dòng)詞意思為：“ (與.)認(rèn)同;一致;感同身受(+with)”I identified with the heroine of the novel.我與小說中的那個(gè)女主人公感同身受。3. accuracy 解析accuracy 名詞 意為：“精確, 準(zhǔn)確”（尤指用心的結(jié)果） 如： It is impossible to say with any (degree of) accuracy how many are affected. 無論如何也說不準(zhǔn)受影響的有多少。形容詞為：accurate 4.annually 解析annually 副詞 意為：“每年;每年一次”They celebrate their wedding anniversary annually.他們每年慶祝一番結(jié)婚紀(jì)念日。annual 既是形容詞又是名詞annual report 年度報(bào)告 annual ring 【植】年輪名詞：“年刊, 年報(bào), 年鑒, 年金, 年稅”4. regarding 解析regarding 介詞 意為：“關(guān)于（某人/某事物）;” 如：I wrote a letter regarding/as regards my daughters school examinations. 我寫了一封關(guān)于我女兒學(xué)校考試的信。其同義詞：as regards / concerning / over Part II (Grammar and usage)1. spy解析 spy作及物動(dòng)詞，不及物動(dòng)詞和名詞 spies (第三人稱單數(shù)) spied (過去式、過去分詞) spying (現(xiàn)在分詞)及物動(dòng)詞：（1） 暗中監(jiān)視;偵察出He sent out a party to spy the enemy. 他派出一個(gè)小分隊(duì)暗中監(jiān)視敵人的行動(dòng)。（2） 察覺,發(fā)現(xiàn)（復(fù)合賓語）We spied a stranger hanging around the corner. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)一位陌生人在拐角處閑蕩。不及物動(dòng)詞：當(dāng)間諜;暗中監(jiān)視;刺探(+on/upon/into)We spied on the man. 我們監(jiān)視那個(gè)人。名詞：間諜;密探可數(shù)名詞She liked the adventures of a spy. 她喜歡間諜的冒險(xiǎn)。Part IV (Project)1. similarly 解析 similarly 副詞 有以下兩層意思： (1) 相似地; 類似地: The two boys dress similarly. 兩個(gè)小男孩穿得差不多一樣。 (2) 也; 同樣: She was late and I similarly was delayed. 她遲到了, 我也晚了。similar 形容詞 “相像的,相仿的,類似的(+to)” 如：His problem is similar to yours. 他的問題和你的相似。similarity 名詞（1）類似;相似不可數(shù)The similarity between the two reports suggests that one person wrote both.那兩個(gè)報(bào)告極其相似,這意味著它們出自一人的手筆。（2）相似點(diǎn);類似點(diǎn)可數(shù)Bees and wasps both sting, but they have other similarities too.蜜蜂和黃蜂都刺人,但它們還有其他相似之處。2. strait 解析strait 名詞 常以復(fù)數(shù)表示單數(shù)意義, 尤其用于專有名稱 （1） 海峽; （聯(lián)接兩大水域之間的）狹窄水道 如：the Straits of Gibraltar 直布羅陀海峽 the Magellan Straits 麥哲倫海峽. （2） 困難； 陷于（惡劣的極度的/嚴(yán)重的）財(cái)務(wù)困境中（常用復(fù)數(shù)）She has been in great straits (financially) since her husband died.自從她丈夫去世, 她(在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面)一直處于困境。3. aboard 解析 aboard a-=on 在上+board 木板 有以下兩種詞性：副詞： 在船(或飛機(jī),車)上;上船(或飛機(jī),車)All passengers aboard fell into the river. 船上所有乘客皆落入河中。介詞： 在(船,飛機(jī),車)上;進(jìn)入,上(船,飛機(jī),車)They were the last two to go aboard the ship. 他們是最后兩位上船的。介詞短語on board = aboard We went on board the ship. 我們登上了輪船。(做狀語)Everybody on board was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened.飛機(jī)上的人都很著急,而且我們急于想了解出了什么事。（做后置定語）注意：aboard abroad (adv.往國(guó)外, 到處, 海外)4. apology解析 apology 可數(shù)名詞 （1） 道歉;賠罪(+to/for)I make an apology to you for my rudeness last night. 昨天晚上我太粗暴,應(yīng)該向你道歉。（2） 辯解,辯護(hù)Her open letter was really an apology for her way of life.她的公開信實(shí)際上是對(duì)她生活方式的辯護(hù)。動(dòng)詞用法：apologize to sb.for (doing)sth. (因而向某人道歉)He apologized to her for not going to her party.他因沒有出席她舉行的宴會(huì)而向她表示歉意。5. alone 解析alone形容詞（作表語、后置定語）：(1)單獨(dú)的,獨(dú)自的She watches TV when she is alone. 獨(dú)自一人時(shí),她便看電視。(2) 只有,僅;單單The rent alone is $300. 單房租就三百元。副詞 （狀語）：(1) 單獨(dú)地For years Mary lived alone in New York. 瑪麗孤身一人在紐約生活了好幾年。(2) 獨(dú)自地I can do it alone. 我可以獨(dú)自辦理此事。模塊十 Unit 2 詞組精講Part I (Reading)1. relate to解析 relate to = relate with （1）有關(guān)To what events did your remarks relate? 你的話指的是什么事?（2）使聯(lián)系; 顯示出.與.的關(guān)系(to , with) 及物動(dòng)詞I cant relate what he does with to what he says. 我沒法把他做的和說的聯(lián)系起來。（3）使有親戚關(guān)系 常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)They are related to each other. 他們彼此之間有親戚關(guān)系。2. break into解析 break into 有以下四層意思：如： (1) 強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入某處: His house was broken into (e. g by burglars) last week. 上星期有人闖入他的房屋（如竊賊）。(2) 突然開始（大笑、唱歌、歡呼等）: As the Presidents car arrived, the crowd broke into loud applause. 總統(tǒng)的汽車到達(dá)時(shí), 群眾中爆發(fā)出熱烈的掌聲。(3) 突然改變（由慢到快）: The man broke into a run when he saw the police. 那人一見到警察, 拔腿就跑。 (4)（指活動(dòng)）用去（應(yīng)做其他事情的時(shí)間）: All this extra work Im doing is breaking into my leisure time. 我目前的這一切額外工作用去了我的閑暇時(shí)間. 3. keep up解析 keep up分別由四種不同用法： 如：(1)（指雨、 雪、 好天氣等）持續(xù)不停(及物動(dòng)詞)If this rain keeps up, the garden will be ruined. 如果這雨繼續(xù)下，花園就完蛋了。(2) 保持；維持(及物動(dòng)詞)The high cost of materials keeps up prices. 材料的昂貴費(fèi)用使價(jià)格居高不下。(3) keep up (with) 跟上（某人某事物）; （與某人某事物）同步前進(jìn): They walked so fast that I could not keep up (with them). 他們走得那么快,我沒法跟上。注意：keep up with “和.保持聯(lián)系”She has kept up with some of her friends since her retirement.她退休后一直同一些朋友保持著聯(lián)系。4. no doubt 解析no doubt作副詞使用 通常在no doubt后省略there be結(jié)構(gòu)。如：(1)“無疑地;我確信;不容懷疑地” No doubt I will succeed in the end. = There is no doubt I will succeed in the end.我確信我最終會(huì)成功。(2）“很可能地”No doubt he was just trying to help, but hes spoiled our work. 可能他只是想幫忙，但卻把我們的工作給弄糟了。Part II (Grammar and usage)1. get into a bad habit of 解析 get /fall into a bad habit of = form a bad habit of 養(yǎng)成染上某習(xí)慣 be in a habit of 有某種習(xí)慣 break off the habit of 改掉.的習(xí)慣Part IV (Project)1. apply to解析apply to (1) 適用于The discount no longer applies to him because hes over eighteen. 他不再享受打折待遇，因?yàn)樗殉^18歲。(2) 向.申請(qǐng)(或要求)We applied to them for help. 我們向他們求援。2. be faced with 解析be faced with 意為 “面臨; 面對(duì) ” 如：This country is now faced with the prospect