總結(jié)小學(xué)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn).docxVIP

總結(jié)小學(xué)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn) 上傳: 嚴(yán)娟 更新時(shí)間：2012-4-4 19:24:49 總結(jié)小學(xué)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)名詞所有格的形式和用法。（1）名詞所有格一般是詞尾加s構(gòu)成，如：the boys bag；our teachers room等。如果原詞已經(jīng)有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s，則僅僅加一個(gè)（）即可，如boys school等。詞尾無s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞則仍要加s，如：mens clothes等。（2）表示無生命東西的名詞的所有格不可用詞尾加（s）或（），而是用of 屬格，如：the windowof the room等。但在表示時(shí)間、距離以及其他習(xí)慣用語中，則需用（s）或（）表示所有格，如：ten minutes walk等。（3）如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩人共有，則只在后一個(gè)名詞后加“s”。如：we visited xiao li and xiao zhangs room. 我們參觀了小李和小張的房間。（4）名詞的雙重所有格。（本部分只出現(xiàn)在教師版中）物主代詞不可與 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such,another, which等詞一起修飾一個(gè)名詞，而必須用雙重所有格。公式為：a, an, this, that +名詞+of +名詞性物主代詞。如：a friend of mine 我朋友中的一個(gè)each brother of his 他的每個(gè)哥哥名詞名詞是人類認(rèn)識(shí)事物所使用的基本詞匯，它主要用來指人或各種事物具體的名稱，也可以指抽象的概念。名詞在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、稱呼語等。名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞。專有名詞是某個(gè)（些）人，地方，機(jī)構(gòu)等專有的名稱，如beijing，china等。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個(gè)抽象概念的名詞，如：book，sadness等。名詞有數(shù)的變化，從名詞所表示的事物的性質(zhì)看，可以分為兩類：可數(shù)名詞，如：car汽車，army軍隊(duì)等；不可數(shù)名詞，如：milk牛奶，water水，love愛等?？蓴?shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。復(fù)數(shù)名詞的變化有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成方法 語 音 你會(huì)讀嗎？在詞尾加-s 1. 在清輔音后讀作/s/2. 在濁輔音后讀作/z/ 1. desk-desks2. dog-dogs1. 以s, x, sh, ch, z等結(jié)尾的名詞之后加-es2. 如詞尾為e，只加-s -(e)s讀作/iz/ 1. class-classesbuzz-buzzes2. horse-horsespage-pages如詞尾為-f或-fe，則一般變?yōu)?ves -ves讀作/vz/ knife-knives以輔音y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i，再加-es -ies讀作/iz/ family-families以元音y結(jié)尾的名詞，加-s -s讀作/z/ boy-boys以輔音o結(jié)尾的名詞，加-es -es讀作/z/ tomato-tomatoes(photo, piano除外)以元音o結(jié)尾的名詞，加-s -s讀作/z/ radio-radios以-th結(jié)尾的名詞，加-s 1. 在長元音后-ths讀作/ez/2. 在短元音或輔音后-ths讀作/s/ 1.bath-baths2.month-months不規(guī)則變化名詞復(fù)數(shù)的特殊形式。如：man men woman women foot feettooth teethmouse mice child children deer deergoose geeseasian asians american americans german germans 單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。如：sheep, deer, fish, chinese, japanese合成名詞，只將其主體詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如：girl student girl students pencil-box pencil-boxes由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，全都變成復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctor men doctors woman teacher women teachers不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞一般只有單數(shù)形式，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。它不能和a或an及數(shù)詞搭配使用。不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量可以和some, any, little, a little, much, a piece of, a pound of, a cup of, a lot of等連用。如：a piece of news four glasses of milk five bottles ofwater主要用法 例句1）泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示一類人或事物時(shí)，可不用定冠詞 they are teachers.他們是教師。2）抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí)，通常不加冠詞 failure is the mother of success.失敗乃成功之母。3）物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí)，通常不加冠詞，當(dāng)表示特定的意思時(shí)，需要加定冠詞 man cannotlive without water.人離開水就無法生存。4）在稱呼或表示官銜，職位的名詞前不加冠詞 president bush；professor smith5）當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并用時(shí)，常省去冠詞 i cant write wijthout pen or pencil.沒有鋼筆和鉛筆，我就寫不了字。oom.形容詞、副詞形容詞1. 形容詞定義形容詞修飾名詞，說明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征，在句中可作定語、表語、狀語等成分。如：this is a difficult problem to solve.（作定語）the weather here is very pleasant.（作表語）maggie is very polite.（作表語）2. 形容詞的位置形容詞在句中的位置主要指作定語時(shí)與名詞的排列位置。1）作定語一般位于名詞前。如：i often have a joyful hear. 我通常都是心情愉快。china has a peaceful environment.2）形容詞在修飾someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, nobody, nothing等不定代詞時(shí)，需要置于其后。如：i have something important to tell you all.3）多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)的排列順序（本部分只出現(xiàn)在教師版中）多個(gè)形容詞同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，其排列順序通常如下：限定詞（包括冠詞、人稱代詞、指示代詞等）+大小+形狀+性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)+顏色+年齡或新舊+材料或種類+來源+名詞如：there are a few big round black new wooden french tables in the room.形容詞、副詞等級(jí)用法1. 形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)1）比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成構(gòu)成 原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)一般在詞尾加-er, -est great, hard greater, harder greatest, hardest以字母e結(jié)尾只加-r,-st nice, wide nicer, wider nicest, widest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫這一輔音字母后再加-er, -est big, hot bigger,hotter biggest, hottest以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，將y變?yōu)閕再加-er, -est happy, early happier, earlierhappiest, earliest在雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞前加more或most difficult,difficultly more difficult,more difficultly most difficult,most difficultly2）形容詞的不規(guī)則變化如下：原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)good, well better bestbad, ill, badly worse worstlittle less leastmuch, many more mostfar farther/further farthest/furthestold older/elder oldest/eldest小學(xué)英語課堂用語100句 上傳: 嚴(yán)娟 更新時(shí)間：2012-4-4 19:09:39 小學(xué)英語課堂用語100句1 lets get ready for class. 準(zhǔn)備上課。2 im sorry im late. /excuse me for coming late. 對(duì)不起，我遲到了。3 please come earlier next time. 下次請(qǐng)?jiān)琰c(diǎn)到。4 class begins. 上課。5 whos on duty today? 今天誰值日？6 is everyone here? 都到齊了嗎？7 whos absent today? 今天誰沒來？8 what day is today? 今天是星期幾？9 whats the date today? 今天是幾號(hào)？10 li hong, have you collected all the exercise-books? 李紅，作業(yè)本都收齊了嗎？11 here are your exercise-books. please hand them out. 這是練習(xí)本，請(qǐng)發(fā)下去。12 monitor, would you please fetch some chalk for me? 班長能幫我去拿些粉筆來嗎？13 open your books, please. 請(qǐng)翻開書。14 please turn to page 12. 請(qǐng)翻開書本十二頁15 please take out your notebooks/exercise books. 請(qǐng)拿出筆記本/練習(xí)本。16 no more talking, please. 請(qǐng)安靜。17 attention, please. 請(qǐng)注意。18 lets have a dictation. 讓我們來聽寫。19 were going to have a new lesson today. 今天我們要上新課。20 first lets have a revision. 首先我們復(fù)習(xí)一下。21 who can answer this question? 誰能回答這個(gè)問題？22 do you have any questions? 你們有問題嗎？24 let me see. 讓我看看/想想。25 put up your hands if you have any questions. 如果有問題請(qǐng)舉手。26 raise your hands, please. 請(qǐng)舉手。27 hands down. 把手放下。28 repeat after me/follow me. 跟我讀。29 listen to me, please. 請(qǐng)聽我說。30 look at the blackboard/screen, please. 請(qǐng)看黑板/屏幕。31 all eyes on me, please. 請(qǐng)都看著我。32 can you solve this problem? 能做出這道題嗎？33 lets read it together. ready, go! 大家齊聲朗讀，預(yù)備，起。34 read slowly and clearly. 讀慢一點(diǎn)，清楚一點(diǎn)。35 who wants to try? 誰想試一試？36 who wants to do it on the blackboard? 誰愿意到黑板上來做？37 are you through? 做完了嗎？38 have you finished? 做完了嗎？39 you did a very good job. 做得不錯(cuò)。40 very good./good try./ well done! 完成得不錯(cuò)。41 terrific!/ wonderful! / excellent! 很棒！42 please give him (her) a big hand. 請(qǐng)給他/她一些掌聲。43 can you follow me? 能跟上嗎？44 do you understand? 你聽懂了嗎？45 dont be nervous. 不要緊張。46 any one can help him/ her? 誰來幫他/她一下？47 any volunteers? 誰自愿回答？48 i beg your pardon? 對(duì)不起，能再說一遍嗎？49 take it easy. 請(qǐng)放心/別緊張。50 be brave / active, please. 請(qǐng)勇敢/主動(dòng)些。51 who wants to try? 誰來試試？52 come up to the front, please. 請(qǐng)到前面來。53 go back to your seat, please. 請(qǐng)回座位。54 come on. you can do it. 來吧！你能做到的。55 come on, youre almost there. 來吧！你快（做/答）對(duì)了。56 ill give you a clue (hint). 我給你一些提示。57 you can do it this way. 你可以這樣來做。58 lets play a game. 讓我們玩?zhèn)€游戲。59 are you tired? lets take a break. 累了嗎？休息一下。60 look up the word in the dictionary. 在字典里查這個(gè)詞。61 take notes, please. 請(qǐng)作筆記。62 are you clear ? 明白了嗎？63 is that right /correct? 那個(gè)正確嗎？64 can you find the mistakes? 你能找出錯(cuò)誤嗎？65 do you know how to correct the mistakes? 你知道怎么改錯(cuò)嗎？66 are you ready? 準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？67 can you guess it? 能猜猜嗎？68 yes. youre right. 對(duì)，你對(duì)了。69 im sorry. can you say that again? 對(duì)不起，能再說一遍嗎?70 take your time. 慢慢來。71 use your head. 動(dòng)動(dòng)腦筋。72 good idea! that makes sense. 好主意。有道理。73 whose turn is it? 輪到誰了？74 now youre going to read one by one. 現(xiàn)在你們依次朗讀。75 whos next? 接下來是誰？76 youre next. 接下來是你。77 its your turn. 輪到你了。78 just hands. no voices. 不要說，請(qǐng)舉手。79 do it on your own. 自己做。80 from the very beginning. 從頭開始。81 please read it to the end. 請(qǐng)讀到結(jié)尾。82 stop here, please. 請(qǐng)停下來。83 hands up before you answer. 回答問題前，請(qǐng)舉手。84 heres your homework for today. 這是今天的家庭作業(yè)。85 hand in your homework tomorrow. 家庭作業(yè)明天交。86 please pass the exercise books to the front. 請(qǐng)將練習(xí)本遞到前面來。87 who wants to come to the front? 誰愿意到前面來？88 come to my office after class. 下課后到辦公室找我。89 come and see me after class. 課后找我。90 watch me and ill show you. 看著我，我來演示。91 i want all of you to answer this question. 我請(qǐng)大家一齊來回答這個(gè)問題。92 thats all for the new lesson/ revision. 新課/復(fù)習(xí)就到這兒。93 i want you to work in pairs/groups. 請(qǐng)大家做對(duì)子/小組練習(xí)。94 im sorry to have kept you so long. 對(duì)不起耽擱大家了。95 thats all for today. 今天就到這96 we stop here for today. 今天就到這。97 lets call it a day. 今天就到這。98 dont copy others work. 不要抄別人的作業(yè)。99 class is over. thank you, class. 下課。謝謝！100 good-bye./ see you tomorrow. 再見/明天1、小學(xué)英語介詞at，in與on在時(shí)間方面的用法at表示時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)；in表示一個(gè)時(shí)期；on表示特殊日子。如：he goes to school at seven oclock in the morning. 他早晨七點(diǎn)上學(xué)。can you finish the work in two days. 你能在兩天內(nèi)完成這個(gè)工作嗎？linda was born on the second of may. 琳達(dá)五月二日出生。1. at后常接幾點(diǎn)幾分，天明，中午，日出，日落，開始等。如：at five oclock （五點(diǎn)），at down （黎明），at daybreak （天亮），at sunrise （日出），at noon （中午），at sunset （日落），at midnight （半夜），at the beginning of the month （月初）， at that time （那時(shí)），at that moment （那會(huì)兒），at this time of day （在一天的這個(gè)時(shí)候）。2. in后常接年，月，日期，上午，下午，晚上，白天，季節(jié)，世紀(jì)等。如：in 2006（2006年），in may，2004 （2004年五月），in the morning （早晨/上午），in the afternoon （下午），in the evening （晚上），in the night （夜晚），in the daytime （白天），in the 21st century （21世紀(jì)），in three days （weeks/month）三天（周/個(gè)月），in a week （一周），in spring （春季）。3. on后常接某日，星期幾，某日或某周日的朝夕，節(jié)日等。如：on sunday （星期日），on a warm morning in april （四月的一個(gè)溫暖的上午），on a december night （12月的一個(gè)夜晚），on that afternoon （那天下午），on the following night （下一個(gè)晚上），on christmas afternoon （圣誕節(jié)下午），on october 1，1949 （1949年10月1日），on new years day （新年），on new years eve （除夕），on the morning of the 15th （15日的早上）等。2、 巧記形容詞的排列順序當(dāng)兩個(gè)以上形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞，形容詞該如何排 列?為什么不能說a black new pen，而是說成a new black pen? 這里面有無規(guī)則可循? 如果你記住opshacom這個(gè)為幫助記憶而杜撰的詞， 就能掌握英語中形容詞排列的順序。 opshacom中p代表opinion，指表示人們觀點(diǎn)的形容 詞，如beautiful，horrible，lovely，nice等； sh代表shape，指表示形狀的形容詞，如long，short，round, narrow等； a代表age，指表示年齡、時(shí)代的形容詞，如old，new，young等； c代表colour，指表示顏色的形容詞，如red,black, orange等； o代表origin，指表示國籍、地區(qū)的形容詞，如british，canadian，german等； m代表material，指表示材料的形容詞，如plastic，metal，aluminium等。 英語中這六類形容詞連用時(shí)就按上述先后順序排列， 如a nice long new black british plastic pen 當(dāng)然，實(shí)際語言使用中不可能出現(xiàn)這么多形容詞連 用的情況。請(qǐng)根據(jù)形容詞排列規(guī)則完成以下練習(xí)：1.she has a _ jacket.(leather，brown，beautiful)2.he has a _ car. (american，long，red)3.they live in a _ house. (old，beautiful)4.we have a _ table. (antique,small，wooden)5.he has a _ jumper. (woollen, lovely, red)6.she has a _ ring. (diamond，new，fabulous)7.it was a _ song.(french，old, lovely)8.he owns a _ dog.(black，horrible，big)9.she bought a _ scarf.(gorgeous，silk，pink)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用于：1 、表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。e.g. it seldom snows here.2 、表示現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)。e.g. he is always ready to help others.3 、普遍真理。e.g. action speaks louder than words.4 、劇情圖片介紹，背景說明，動(dòng)作解說。e.g. (tom enters the room_and_sits at the table)doctor ： whats your trouble, young man?tom ： ive caught a cold, doctor.5 、時(shí)間、條件、讓步、方式狀語從句表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)。e.g. tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains.與這種時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語常有：always, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等。二、一般過去時(shí)主要用于：1 、表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況（包括習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)）e.g. when did you read the novel?she often came to help us in those days.2 、談到過去的情況時(shí)e.g. i didnt know you were so busy.3 、談到已死人的情況時(shí)e.g. lei feng was a great communist fighter.與這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語常有：yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now,when, after, as soon as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，表示主句動(dòng)作開始的時(shí)間。三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要用于：1 、表示到現(xiàn)在為止這一時(shí)期中發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，即多次動(dòng)作的總和。e.g. we have learnt four english songs this month.how many times have you read the novel?for many days we havent seen each other.2 、表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響的某一已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。e.g. the delegation has left 代表團(tuán)已經(jīng)走了（說明現(xiàn)在不在這里）look, what you have done. 看你干的事。與這一時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短語，連詞 since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：一般過去時(shí)：重在說明動(dòng)作在過去發(fā)生時(shí)的具體情況（時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、對(duì)象、細(xì)節(jié)等）?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：只提起已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（事實(shí)）及其影響，不說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)的具體情況。cf. have you had your lunch?what did you have for lunch?i have ever been to the great wall,_and_i went there last summer with my father.注：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表達(dá)的動(dòng)作常具有反復(fù)性，故下面一句是錯(cuò)的：have you seen the six thirtys news program?應(yīng)改為：did you see the six thirtys news program?四、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用于：表示過去開始的某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，以至延伸到將來，它強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間之長久。e.g. ive been writing an article. 我一直在寫一篇文章。（還在寫）cf. ive written an article. 我寫了一篇文章。（已寫完）it has been raining these days. 這些天一直在下雨。五、過去完成時(shí)1 、過去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)相對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)，表示過去的過去，只有在兩個(gè)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才可顯示出來。e.g. as soon as we got to the station, the train had left.注：主從句表達(dá)的動(dòng)作緊接時(shí)，即兩動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間沒有明顯時(shí)間上的懸殊或空檔時(shí)，主從句都可用一般過去時(shí)。e.g. where did your brother study before he joined the army?2 、過去完成時(shí)可表示截止過去某一時(shí)間動(dòng)作的總或動(dòng)作的結(jié)束。e.g. by the end of last month. we had reviewed four booksby eight oclock, he had finished his homework.與這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語常有：by 1985, by eight oclock, by then, by the end of last month, by the time when, when, as soon as, before 等連詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，表示主句動(dòng)作結(jié)束的時(shí)間。六、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用于：1 、表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。e.g. listen, someone is crying.what are you doing these days?2 、代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，而含有某種感情色彩。e.g. how are you feeling today?你今天感覺怎樣？（顯得親切）he is doing well in his lessons.他的功課很好。（贊揚(yáng)）you are always boasting.你老愛吹牛。（厭煩）3 、動(dòng)詞 go, come, leave, arrive 等表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)。e.g. they are leaving for shanghai.與這種時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語常有：now, these days, rece