英文合同翻譯常見詞注解(中).doc

英文合同翻譯常見詞注解（中）十一. notwithstanding釋義: in spite of （prep.）盡管；nevertheless （adv.）仍然用法: 法律文件常用詞，比although正式。語法: 作介詞用時，放在要引導的讓步狀語前例1：Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 91 of these Regulations, when a business establishment in charge of consolidated tax filing fails to compute the taxable income of different business establishments appropriately on a separate basis, the local tax authorities may make reasonable apportionment of the taxable income among these business establishments, under their respective proportion of business income, costs and expenses, assets, the number of staff and workers, or the amount of wages.注釋：（1）Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 91 of these Regulations：雖有本細則第九十一條的規(guī)定（2）a business establishment in charge of consolidated tax filing：負責合并申報繳納所得稅的營業(yè)機構（3）fail to compute the taxable income of different business establishments appropriately on a separate basis：不能合理地分別計算各營業(yè)機構的應納稅所得額（4）the local tax authorities may make reasonable apportionment of the taxable income among these business establishments：當地稅務機關可以對應稅所得在各營業(yè)機構之間合理分配（5）under their respective proportion of business income, costs and expenses, assets, the number of staff and workers, or the amount of wages：按照營業(yè)收入比例、成本和費用比例、資產比例、職工人數或者工資數額的比例參考譯文：雖有本細則第九十一條的規(guī)定，負責合并申報繳納所得稅的營業(yè)機構不能合理地分別計算各營業(yè)機構的應納稅所得額時，當地稅務機關可以對應稅所得總額，按照營業(yè)收入比例、成本和費用比例、資產比例、職工人數或者工資數額的比例，在各營業(yè)機構之間合理分配。例2：If, notwithstanding Sub-Clause 65.1, any damage occurs to any bridge or road communicating with or on the routes to the site due to the transport of materials or plant, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer of the matter in question, with a copy to the Employer, as soon as he becomes aware of such damage or as soon as he receives any claim from the authority entitled to make such claim.注釋：（1） notwithstanding Sub-Clause 65.1：盡管有65.1款的規(guī)定（2）any damage occurs to any bridge or road communicating with or on the routes to the site：對通往現(xiàn)場或位于通往現(xiàn)場路線上任何橋梁或道路造成任何損害（3）due to the transport of materials or plant：因運輸材料或設備（4）the authority entitled to make such claim：有權提出此類索賠的機構參考譯文：盡管有65.1款的規(guī)定，但如果發(fā)生因運輸材料或設備而對通往現(xiàn)場或位于通往現(xiàn)場路線上任何橋梁或道路造成任何損害時，承包人在得知此類損害之后，或者收到有權提出此類索賠的機構的任何索賠要求之后，應立即通知工程師，并將一份副本呈交給業(yè)主。例3：The Engineer shall, from time to time, have authority to issue instructions on the following matters that: 1) any works shall, in the opinion of the Engineer, be removed and re-executed, notwithstanding any previous test thereof or interim payment therefor, because the following items fail to meet the requirements and provisions of the Contract:(i) the materials, Plant or workmanship, or (ii) the design by the Contractor or for which he is responsible.注釋：（1）have authority to issue instructions on the following matters：有權對下列事項發(fā)出指示（2）in the opinion of the Engineer：工程師認為（3）any works shall be removed and re-executed：任何工程均應拆除并重新施工（4）notwithstanding any previous test thereof or interim payment therefor：盡管事先已對其進行過任何檢驗或臨時付款（5）fail to meet the requirements and provisions of the Contract：不符合合同規(guī)定參考譯文：工程師有權隨時對下列事項發(fā)出指示：1）盡管事先已對其進行過任何檢驗或臨時付款，但對工程師認為任何工程因以下各項不符合合同規(guī)定的，均應拆除并重新施工：（1）材料、工程設備或工藝；或（2）由承包人設計或承包人對其負有責任的設計。例4：Notwithstanding any other provision of the Contract, if the Contractor intends to claim any additional payment pursuant to any Clause of these Conditions or other provisions, the Contractor in question shall, within 28 days after the event giving rise to the claim has first arisen, notify the Engineer of his intention, with a copy to the Employer.注釋：（1）notwithstanding any other provision of the Contract：盡管本合同有其它規(guī)定（2）intend to claim any additional payment：打算索取任何追加付款（3）within 28 days after the event giving rise to the claim has first arisen：在引起索賠的事件第一次發(fā)生后28天內（4）notify the Engineer of his intention：將其索賠意向通知工程師參考譯文：盡管本合同有其它規(guī)定，如果承包人根據本合同的任何條款或其他有關規(guī)定打算索取任何追加付款的話，他都應在引起索賠的事件第一次發(fā)生后28天內，將其索賠意向通知工程師，并將一份副本呈交業(yè)主。例5：The Works shall be measured net, notwithstanding any general or local custom, except where otherwise provided for in the contract.注釋：（1）the Works shall be measured net：工程計量應該計量凈值（2）notwithstanding any general or local custom：無論通常的和當地的習慣如何 any general or local custom：通常的和當地的習慣參考譯文：無論通常的和當地的習慣如何，工程計量應該計量凈值，但合同另有規(guī)定的除外。例6：Notwithstanding the provisions of this Clause or any other Clause of the Contract, no payment certificates shall be issued by the Engineer until the performance security is submitted by the Contractor under the Contract and approved by the Employer.注釋：（1）notwithstanding the provisions of this Clause or any other Clause of the Contract：盡管有本條款或任何其它合同條款的規(guī)定（2）payment certificate：支付款證書（3）the performance security：履約保證參考譯文：盡管有本條款或任何其它合同條款的規(guī)定，在承包人提交履約保證并經業(yè)主批準之前，工程師不對任何支付款額開具證書。例7：Notwithstanding the issue of the Defects Liability Certificate, the Contractor and the Employer shall remain liable for the fulfillment of any outstanding obligation incurred under the provisions of the Contract when the Defects Liability Certificate is issued. To determine the nature and extent of the obligations in question, the Contract shall be deemed to remain in force and be binding upon the parties thereto.注釋：（1）notwithstanding the issue of the Defects Liability Certificate：盡管頒發(fā)了缺陷責任證書 the defects liability certificate：缺陷責任證書（2）any outstanding obligation：尚未履行的義務（3）to determine the nature and extent of the obligations in question：為了確定任何此類義務的性質和范圍參考譯文：盡管頒發(fā)了缺陷責任證書，但承包人和業(yè)主仍應對在缺陷責任證書頒發(fā)時尚未履行的義務承擔責任。為了確定任何此類義務的性質和范圍，合同應被認為對合同雙方仍然有效。例8：Notwithstanding IB 6.2, the Owner reserves the right to accept or reject any Bid, and to annul the bidding process and to reject all Bids, at any time prior to the award of the Contract, without thereby incurring any liability to the affected Bidder or Bidders or any obligation to inform the affected Bidder or Bidders of grounds for its action.注釋：（1）notwithstanding IB 6.2：盡管有IB6.2款的規(guī)定 IB：Instructions to Bidders 投標者須知。注：IB不能譯成“對投標者的指示”，因為在投標階段，業(yè)主與投標人之間沒有合同關系，即上下級關系。合同成立后，投標人成為承包人，那么可以就“對承包人的指示”，這里只能譯成“投標者須知”。（2）Bid：投標（書）（3）to annul：put an end to 廢除，廢止（4）award of Contract：授予合同（5）thereby：by that means；by doing or saying that 由此，因此，是以（6）affected Bidder：受影響的投標人（7）grounds for its action：行為的根據（或原因）參考譯文：盡管有IB6.2款的規(guī)定，業(yè)主在授予合同前，有保留授受或拒絕任何投標、廢除投標程序、拒絕所有投標的權利，而且不承擔由此而對投標人造成的不利條件的責任，同是也不承擔通知受影響的投標人有關業(yè)主作出這一決定的原因的義務。十二. shall釋義: 應該，必須用法: 在合同等法律文件中，表示強制性承擔法律或合同義務。有時可用will，但力度比shall弱。這時決不能用“must”或“should”。should在法律文件里往往用作“if”，只表示“如果”之意。例1The board meeting shall be called and presided over by the Chairman. Should the Chairman be absent, the vice-Chairman shall, in principle, call and preside over the board meeting.注釋：（1）The board meeting shall be called and presided over by the Chairman.：董事會會議應由董事長召集并主持 the board meeting：董事會會議 preside over：主持（2）the vice-Chairman：副董事長參考譯文：董事會會議應由董事長召集并主持；如董事長缺席時，原則上，應由副董事長召集主持。例2The Chinese-Foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures Company shall terminate upon the expiration of the joint venture term.注釋：（1）the Chinese-Foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures Company：中外合作經營公司（2）the expiration of the joint venture term：合作期滿時參考譯文：中外合作經營公司應于合作期滿時終止。例3The term of the Company shall be 5 years commencing from the date of issuance of the Companys business license.注釋：（1）the term of the Company：公司的期限（2）the date of issuance of the Companys business license：公司營業(yè)執(zhí)照簽發(fā)之日參考譯文：公司的期限為5年，自公司營業(yè)執(zhí)照簽發(fā)之日計算。例4This Contract and the appendices hereto shall come into force from the date of approval by the examination and approval authorities.注釋：（1）the appendices hereto：the appendices to this Contract 本合同附件（2）shall come into force：應生效參考譯文：本合同及其附件須經審批機構批準，應自批準之日生效。例5Any amendment to this Contract or to its appendices shall come into force after the written agreement is concluded and signed by the Parties hereto and approved by the original examination and approval authorities.注釋：（1）any amendment to this Contract or to its appendices：本合同及其附件的任何修改（2）the original examination and approval authorities：審批機構參考譯文：本合同及其附件的任何修改，必須經雙方簽署書面合同文件，并報原審批機構批準后才能生效。例6This Company shall be a Chinese legal person. All activities hereof shall be governed and protected by the Laws and relevant rules and regulations of Peoples Republic of China.注釋：（1）a Chinese legal person：中國法人（2）shall be governed and protected by the Laws and relevant rules and regulations of Peoples Republic of China：應受中華人民共和國法律和法規(guī)的管轄和保護參考譯文：本公司應為中國法人。公司的一切活動應受中華人民共和國法律和法規(guī)的管轄和保護。例7The production and business scope of the Company shall be as follows: to manufacture, sell and develop cooperatively produced products and other relevant products.注釋：（1）the production and business scope of the Company：公司的生產及經營范圍（2）to manufacture, sell and develop cooperatively produced products：制造、銷售和開發(fā)合作產品（3）relevant products：相關產品，配套產品參考譯文：公司的生產及經營范圍是制造、銷售和開發(fā)合作產品及其相關或配套產品。例8The first Board meeting shall be convened within one month after the issuance of the Companys business license.注釋：（1）be convened within one month：一個月內召開（2）the issuance of the Companys business license：公司營業(yè)執(zhí)照的簽發(fā)參考譯文：第一次董事會應在公司營業(yè)執(zhí)照的簽發(fā)后一個月內召開。例9The date of issuance of the business license of the Company shall be the date of the establishment of the Board of Directors of the Company.注釋：（1）the date of the establishment of the Board of Directors of the Company：公司董事會成立之日參考譯文：公司營業(yè)執(zhí)照簽發(fā)之日應為公司董事會成立之日。例10The documents on the major issues of the Company, including but not limited to, the management plan, the monthly report, quarterly report and annual report, shall be signed jointly by the General Manager and the Deputy General Manager, then the documents shall come into effect.注釋：（1）the documents on the major issues of the Company：公司的重要文件（2）the management plan：管理計劃（3）the monthly report：月度報告（4）quarterly report：季度報告（5）annual report：年度報告（6）shall be signed jointly by the General Manager and the Deputy General Manager：應由總經理和副總經理會簽參考譯文：公司的重要文件，包括，但不限于管理計劃、月度、季度及年度報告，須經總經理和副總經理會簽方為有效。十三 unless otherwise釋義: 除非用法: 比“if not”和“otherwise”表達正式，由兩個同義詞“unless”和“otherwise”組成。語法：一般后面緊跟動詞，表示“除非另”，比如表示“除非合同另有規(guī)定”，可以說“unless otherwise specified in the Contract”；又如表示“除非信用證另有規(guī)定”，可以說“unless otherwise specified in the Letter of Credit”。例1These articles shall apply to all documentary credits, including standby letters of credit, to the extent to which the credits in question shall be applicable, and shall be binding on the Parties to the Contract, unless otherwise expressly agreed by the Parties thereto.注釋：（1）these articles：本條文（2）apply to：適用（3）the extent to which the credits in question shall be applicable：其適用范圍內（指該信用證適用范圍內）（4）shall be binding on the Parties to the Contract：對合同各有關方面均具有約束力參考譯文：本條文適用于一切跟單信用證，并包括在其適用范圍內的備用信用證，除非另有約定，對合同各有關方面均具有約束力。例2Unless otherwise specified in the credit, banks will accept a document bearing a date of issuance prior to that of the credit, subject to such document being presented within the time limits specified in the credit and in these articles.注釋：（1）unless otherwise specified in the credit：除非信用證另有規(guī)定（2）a document bearing a date of issuance prior to that of the credit：出單日期早于信用證開證日期的單據（3）within the time limits specified in the credit and in these articles：在信用證和本條文規(guī)定的時限之內參考譯文：除非信用證另有規(guī)定，銀行將授受出單日期早于信用證開證日期的單據，但該單據須在信用證和本條文規(guī)定的時限之內提交。例3Unless otherwise specified in the credit, banks will reject a transport document issued by a forwarding agent. Provided that unless such transport document is the FIATA combined Transport Bill of Lading approved by the International Chamber of Commerce or otherwise the transport document indicates that it is issued by a forwarding agent acting as a carrier or an agent of a named carrier.注釋：（1）unless otherwise：除非（另有規(guī)定）（2）transport document：運輸單據（3）forwarding agent：運輸行（4）the FIATA：國際運輸商協(xié)會聯(lián)合會（5）combined Transport Bill of Lading：聯(lián)合運輸提單（6）the International Chamber of Commerce：國際商會（7）carrier：承運人參考譯文：除非信用證另有規(guī)定，銀行將拒受運輸行出具的運輸單據，但是有“國際運輸商協(xié)會聯(lián)合會”的聯(lián)合運輸提單或注明運輸行作為承運人或某承運人的代理人出具的運輸單據除外。例4In the case of carriage by sea or by more than one mode of transport including carriage by sea, banks will refuse a transport document stating that the goods are or will be loaded on deck, unless otherwise specifically specified and authorized in the credit.注釋：（1）carriage by sea or by more than one mode of transport：海運或多種類型運輸（2）be loaded on deck：裝艙面（3）unless otherwise specifically specified and authorized in the credit：除非信用證特別授權參考譯文：如屬海運或多種類型運輸中包括海運，除非信用證特別授權，銀行將拒受注明貨裝艙面或要裝艙面的運輸單據。例5Unless otherwise specified in the credit, banks will accept transport documents indicating the third party other than the beneficiary of the credit as the consignor of the goods.注釋：（1）unless otherwise specified in the credit：除非信用證另有規(guī)定（2）the third party other than the beneficiary of the credit：信用證受益人以外的第三者（3）the consignor of the goods：發(fā)貨人參考譯文：除非信用證另有規(guī)定，銀行將授受表明以信用證受益人以外的第三者作為發(fā)貨人的運輸單據。例6Unless otherwise specified in the credit, commercial invoices shall be made out in the name of the applicant for the credit.Unless otherwise specified in the credit, banks may refuse commercial invoices issued with amounts exceeding that specified and permitted by the credit.注釋：（1）commercial invoice：商業(yè)發(fā)票（2）in the name of the applicant for the credit：信用申請人為抬頭（3）may refuse commercial invoices issued with amounts exceeding that specified and permitted by the credit：可拒受其金額超過信用證允許金額的商業(yè)發(fā)票；that specified and permitted by the credit：the amount specified and permitted by the credit 信用證允許金額參考譯文：除非信用證另有規(guī)定，商業(yè)發(fā)票必須做到以信用證申請人為抬頭。除非信用證另有規(guī)定，銀行可拒收其金額超過信用證允許金額的商業(yè)發(fā)票。例7Wherever, in the provisions of this Contract, any such notice, consent, approval, certificate or determination as are made and issued by any person are mentioned, unless otherwise specified in this Contract, such notice, consent, approval, certificate or determination shall be in writing, and the words “notify”, “certify” or “determine” shall be construed accordingly. Provided that any such consent, approval, certificate or determination shall not unreasonably be withheld or delayed.注釋：（1）in the provisions of this Contract：本合同條款中（2）notice, consent, approval, certificate or determination：通知、同意、批準、證明或決定（3）shall be construed accordingly：據此解釋（4）shall not unreasonably be withheld or delayed：都不應被無故扣壓或拖延參考譯文：本合同條款中，無論何處提及由任何人發(fā)出或頒發(fā)的任何通知、同意、批準、證明或決定，除合同另有說明者外，均指書面的通知、同意、批準、證明或決定，而通知、證明或決定字樣均應據此解釋。對于任何此類通知、同意、批準、證明或決定都不應被無故扣壓或拖延。例8Unless otherwise expressly specified in the Contract, the Engineer shall have no authority to relieve the Contractor of any of his obligations under the Contract.注釋：（1）have no authority to relieve the Contractor of any of his obligations under the Contract：無權解除合同規(guī)定的承包人的任何義務 relieve sb. of sth.：解除某人的（權利、義務）參考譯文：除在合同中明確規(guī)定外，工程師無權解除合同規(guī)定的承包人的任何義務。例9Unless otherwise agreed by the Parties to the Contract, all expenses and disbursements, such as cabling, traveling and other expenses incurred in connection with the sale of products, shall be borne by the Agent. Provided that the Agent shall also bear the expenses for maintaining offices and other expenses for the performance of the obligations of the Salesmen and for the implementation of the instructions given by the Seller.注釋：（1）all expenses and disbursements：所有的費用和支出（2）cabling, traveling：電訊費，差旅費（3）provided that：in addition 除此以外（這里表示進一步規(guī)定之意）（4）expenses for maintaining offices：維持其辦公處的費用（5）the performance of the obligations of the Salesmen：履行銷售人員義務參考譯文：除另有約定外，所有的費用和支出，如電訊費，差旅費以及其他有關商品銷售的費用，都應由代理商承擔。除此以外，代理商還應承擔維持其辦公處的費用，及其它履行銷售人員義務和執(zhí)行賣方指示而發(fā)生的費用。例10Unless otherwise expressly provided for in this Contract, the Agent shall have no obligations to account to any Bank for any amount received in respect of any loan maintained by the Agent or any of its affiliates or for the profits related to the loan. The Agent and its affiliates may make loans to, accept deposits from, and generally engage in any kind of business with, the Borrower as though the Agent in question were not as an Agent.注釋：（1）unless otherwise expressly provided for in this Contract：除本合同另有明確規(guī)定外（2）generally engage in any kind of business with, the Borrower as though the Agent in question were not as an Agent：并一般地與借款人進行各種經營活動，如同不是代理行一樣參考譯文：除本合同另有明確規(guī)定外，代理行沒有義務向任何銀行說明由于它或它的附屬機構貸款而收到的金額或其利潤。代理行及其附屬機構可以向借款人貸款，接受借款人存款，并一般地與借款人進行各種經營活動，如同不是代理行一樣。十四 in accordance with; under; pursuant to釋義: 根據，按照用法: 法律文件常用語，比according to正式例1On the FOB basis, the Buyer shall book shipping space in accordance with the date of shipment specified in the Contract.注釋：（1）FOB = Free on board：船上交貨。按照1999年9月國際商會公布的2000年國際貿易術語解釋通則的規(guī)定，采用該術語，賣方將貨物在合同指定的裝運港裝到買方的船上，即完成交貨。賣方承擔貨物越過船舷以前的風險和費用。買方則承擔其后的一切風險和費用。采用這個術語，在FOB后面要注明裝運港名稱，如FOB Shanghai。（2）book shipping space：洽定艙位in accordance with: 根據（3）the date of shipment：裝運日期參考譯文：按照FOB條件，由買方負責根據合同規(guī)定的裝運日期洽定艙位。例2Foreign trade dealers shall, in accordance with laws, enjoy full autonomy in their business operation and be responsible for their own profits and losses.注釋：（1）foreign trade dealers：對外貿易經營者（2）full autonomy in their business operation：自主經營（3）be responsible for their own profits and losses：自負盈虧參考譯文：對外貿易經營者依法自主經營、自負盈虧。例3The staff and workers of a company may, in accordance with laws, organize a trade union to carry out union activities and protect the lawful rights and interests of the staff and workers. The company shall provide the necessary conditions for activities of the trade union of the company.注釋：（1）the staff and workers of a company：公司職工（2）organize a trade union to carry out union activities：組織工會，開展工會活動（3）protect the lawful rights and interests of the staff and workers：維護職工的合法權益（4）conditions for ac