大學(xué)英語4,1357段落翻譯.doc

1人類生活在大自然的王國里。他們不僅是大自然的居民，也是大自然的改造者。隨著社會(huì)的進(jìn)步和經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，人們對大自然的直接依賴越來越少，而對其間接的依賴卻越來越多。人類與大自然血肉相連，誰都無法生存于大自然之外。然而，人與自然之間原來存在的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)崩潰的跡象。人口爆炸、生態(tài)失衡、資源匱乏等問題已成為阻礙人類社會(huì)進(jìn)步的主要因素。斯伯金教授認(rèn)為，要解決這一問題，人類唯一的選擇就是明智地協(xié)調(diào)好生產(chǎn)和對大自然的關(guān)愛之間的關(guān)系。Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows.Human beings are connected with nature by “blood” ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed.Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.3許多人都想出名，因?yàn)槁曌u(yù)能帶給他們公眾的贊揚(yáng)和敬意。在大多數(shù)情況下，聲譽(yù)還會(huì)幫助名人獲取財(cái)富?？墒牵嬲苓^成名的人畢竟是少數(shù)，而大多是人，包括大多數(shù)藝術(shù)家，出名的可能性都不大。誠然，有些人在一生中某些時(shí)刻遭遇的失敗的確能激發(fā)他們更加努力奮斗，從而取得最終的成功。譬如，美國發(fā)明家托馬斯.愛迪生在發(fā)明電燈泡時(shí)，就是在嘗試了幾百種材料之后才最終找到適用于燈泡的熔絲的。然而，遺憾的是，對于大多數(shù)人來說，失敗往往就是他們奮斗的結(jié)果。所以，在我看來，成功是一回事，出名是另一回事。不管你是否出名，只要你盡力了，你就算成功了。Many people want to be famous because fame can bring them both honor and respect from the public. In most cases, fame can also help them gain wealth. But, after all, very few people can really become famous while most people, including most artists, are unlikely to become famous. It is true that some failure for some people at certain times in their lives does motivate them to strive even harder so as to achieve final success. For example, Thomas Edison, the famous American inventor, had tried hundreds of materials before he finally found the suitable fuse for the electric bulb. However, unfortunately, for most people failure is the end of their struggle. Therefore, in my opinion, success is one thing and fame is another. As long as you have tried your best, youre already successful whether you are famous or not.5薩拉和邁克爾本來是一對雙雙從業(yè)的夫妻，有一套房子，兩部汽車，還帶了一大筆款，買了一艘大船。倆人都忙于各自的工作，又是周末還要到外地出差。所謂的家庭生活僅局限于下班后的幾個(gè)鐘頭。他們的確掙錢不少，可是他們厭煩了這樣快節(jié)奏的生活方式。所以，女兒出生不久，他們便決定改變自己的生活方式。他們把兩份全職工作換成了兩份兼職工作，努力縮減消費(fèi)。他們賣掉了他們原有的那幢富麗堂皇的房子，搬進(jìn)了自己親手設(shè)計(jì)的、既漂亮又節(jié)能的小住宅。他們減縮了家當(dāng)，把那些昂貴但長期閑置的雜物都處理掉了。他們還賣掉了那艘大船，和另一家人共享一艘小船，照樣能享受海上航行的樂趣。他們處理了一輛多余的汽車和職業(yè)裝，也放棄了一些昂貴的嗜好；他們很少在外面吃飯，由此也減少了許多開支，如今他們不再?zèng)_動(dòng)購物，只把錢花在最基本的必需品上。人們可能意味他們自己太吝嗇了，其實(shí)不然。他們選擇這種簡單節(jié)省的生活方式完全是自愿的行為。這樣做絕不是因?yàn)槲镔|(zhì)匱乏。他們認(rèn)為，簡樸的生活無論是對生活還是對個(gè)人都有好處。Sara and Michael used to be a two-career couple with a home of their own, two cars and a large boat bought with a large loan. They were both busy with their respective work and sometimes they had to make business trips at weekend. The only time for their so-called home life was restricted to the few hours after work. Indeed, they had made a lot of money, but they got fed up with such a fast-paced lifestyle. So soon after their daughter was born, they decided to change their lifestyles.They traded their two full-time careers for two part-time jobs, and tried hard to curtail their consumption. They sold their splendid house and moved into a smaller but pretty and energy-efficient home designed by themselves. They downsized their possessions and discarded all the expensive clutter. They also sold their big boat and shared a smaller one with another family so that they could still enjoy sailing on the sea. They gave up the extra car and their professional wardrobes. They also gave up expensive hobbies. They seldom ate out, thereby reducing a lot of expenses. Now they no longer purchase things on impulse and only spend money on the bare necessities.One may think that they are too stingy toward themselves. But that is not the case. For them it is a voluntary act to have chosen this simple and frugal lifestyle. It is by no means deprivation. They believe that a frugal life is beneficial to both society and the individual.7林語堂是我國近代著名的文學(xué)家。他在“讀書的藝術(shù)”中告訴我們讀書可以讓人有風(fēng)韻，富有風(fēng)味，只有抱著這個(gè)目標(biāo)去讀書的人，才知道什么是讀書的藝術(shù)，如果一個(gè)人為了心智進(jìn)步去讀書，那么讀書的樂趣就喪失殆盡了。林語堂認(rèn)為，世上沒有人人必讀的書。即便有，也需在某一特定的時(shí)間去讀它，當(dāng)一個(gè)人的思想和經(jīng)驗(yàn)還沒有到達(dá)可讀某一本經(jīng)典名著的時(shí)候，勉強(qiáng)去讀它，只會(huì)覺得其味不佳，。他還認(rèn)為，世上雖沒有人人必讀的書，卻有在某一時(shí)段、某一地點(diǎn)、某一環(huán)境、某一時(shí)代必讀的書。在他看來，讀書是有作者和讀者兩方面構(gòu)成的行為，憑借著自己的悟性和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，從書中悟出道理，讀者的貢獻(xiàn)合作者一樣大。所以，林語堂認(rèn)為，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己愛好的作家是讀者智力發(fā)展過程中最關(guān)鍵的事情。Lin Yutang was a famous man of letters in modern China. In his The Art of Reading, he tells us that reading gives a man a certain charm and flavor and only those who read with this object in mind can understand what is meant by the art of reading. When one begins to think of improving his mind, all the pleasure of reading is gone.Lin Yutang holds that there are no books that one absolutely must read. Even if there is a certain book that everyone must read, there is a given time for it. When ones thoughts and experience have not reached a certain point for reading a classic, the book will leave only a bad flavor on his palate if he forces himself to read it. He also believes that although there are no books in this world that everybody must read, there are books that a person must read at a certain time, in a given place, under given circumstances, and at a given period of his life.To him, reading is an act consisting of two sides, the author and